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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetic analysis of single- or multiple-dose plasma drug concentration data with a microcomputer using multi-fraction absorption models.

A Basic program for multi-fraction absorption models was developed to link with another microcomputer program, MULTI, and was named MFA-MULTI. A main frame computer program SIMP, based on a simplex method using differential equations, was also operated using a microcomputer equipped with a FORTRAN compiler and a 8087 floating-point coprocessor. These two programs [MFA-MULTI and SIMP (M)] were applied to the analysis of plasma concentration data of several drugs with irregular absorption profiles. The results by MFA-MULTI and SIMP(M) for the single- or multiple-dose data were almost coincident with those obtained by a SIMP program. The result for nalidixic acid estimated using MFA-MULTI or PKM-MULTI was also compared. The plasma nalidixic acid concentration, with irregular absorption profiles due to characteristics of dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract, was found to be described by a two-fraction absorption model. The MFA-MULTI program was applied to the analysis of plasma cimetidine concentration data with double peaks in humans. Pharmacokinetic absorption behavior of a sustained-release preparation of theophylline after repetitive oral administration was adequately evaluated using MFA-MULTI. In addition, application of multi-fraction absorption models to population pharmacokinetics is discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

The use of laboratory microcomputers to hold NMR data bases.

Computer-based data bases are essential tools for NMR spectroscopists working with complex mixtures such as tissue extracts. Algorithms are described which are easily implemented on a small laboratory microcomputer and which can be used to make, edit, and query personalized laboratory data files. The data are stored in a series of small files accessed by pointers to overcome inherent redundancy in the information. Performance times are tabulated for a BBC Model B microcomputer working in the BASIC language and using 5.25-in. floppy discs as virtual memory.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1986

Microcomputer assisted measurement of inhalation parameters during smoking.

A microcomputer aided, battery operated method for analysing puff parameters during smoking was developed. The equipment included a sensitive, differential pressure transducer, a portable microcomputer and a modified cigarette flowmeter. The method is based on measuring pressure differences between two points within the flowmeter. The pressure difference is linearly proportional to smoke flow according to the Poiseuille-Hagen principle. The calibration curve, the mean flow as a function of (the area of puff curve)/puff duration, showed to be linear (r = 0.99) for calculating flow and volume of smoke. In experiments with 11 male volunteers the total inhalation volume reached the range 296-678 ml, the mean puff volume 19-65 ml, the mean puffing rate 15-26 ml/s, the mean puff duration 1.3-3.5 s, the number of puffs 9-16 and the mean interval between puffs 17-25 s.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Portable and desktop microcomputers for patient care charting.

Microcomputers are perfectly suited for the input, storage, display, and printing of medical information. The most efficient method of data input and verification is by health professionals themselves, at the bedside or in the exam room. Battery-powered microcomputers are now available with all the power and function of desktops. One patient-care software package [Smart-Chart(tm)] allows entry of clinical data into battery-powered computers such as the Epson Geneva or Data General One, and two-way communication of such data with IBM-PC compatibles. This system inexpensively places a complete computer system in the hands of health professionals in all locations of practice (even at home for use during telephone calls). A dozen or so floppy disks can allow primary physicians to have immediate access to current information on all patients in their practice. Medical notation by computer may now achieve its full potential for clarifying medical records, improving patient care, and diminishing the frustration of medical practice.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1985

A microcomputer program for record keeping in the pharmacy of King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Computers in general and microcomputers in particular are playing an important role in the management of hospitals in most of the developed countries of the world. The authors have undertaken a project on similar lines in King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah. Here, they describe the details of an on-line microcomputer program developed for recording inventory data in the pharmacy of this hospital.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

A microcomputer system for clinical signal analysis of vestibular laboratory.

A vestibular laboratory system was implemented for clinical testing and medical examination of patients with balance disorders. Programs for analysis of postural control and eye movements were made for a microcomputer. The microcomputer system can be used by a nurse without technical education. The system has now been used for two years at the laboratory.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1991

A new method for analyzing smooth-pursuit eye movements. Description of a microcomputer program and evaluation in healthy volunteers.

The study of ocular movements has been increasingly used to detect subtle pathological modifications, caused by a wide variety of neurological diseases. We have developed a new microcomputer-based method for the analysis of smooth-pursuit ocular movements induced by constant velocity targets moving unpredictably at different velocities (including velocity values as high as 100 deg/s). The ocular movements are recorded by an electro-oculographic technique using silver-silver chloride electrodes fixed near the inner and outer canthi of both eyes. The signals are amplified by two DC amplifiers after a low-pass filtering (50 Hz), sampled at 250 Hz and digitized in a 12-bit form by an analog/digital converter. For each patient's evaluation, a series of 20 sweeps of the target is generated. The data analysis, which is performed automatically by the microcomputer, is based on the calculation of four parameters: average peak eye velocity (APEV); typical target velocity (TTV); percent target matching index after saccade removal (PTMI); typical matching target velocity (TMTV) after saccade removal. APEV is calculated as the average of the peak velocities estimated from the 20 sweeps. The purpose of TTV, which is defined as the value of target velocity at which the percent gain has decreased to slightly more than one third of the maximum percent gain, is to provide an overall index of the rate at which the percent gain decreases as the target velocity increases. PTMI describes the eye performance for each value of target velocity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A microcomputer system for monitoring ventilation in neonates.

The characteristics of a microcomputer-based system for measuring ventilatory parameters in neonates on mechanical ventilatory assistance are described. The tidal flows of the infant are sensed by a pneumotachometer housed in the wall of a constant pressure plethysmograph. The processed signal from the pneumotachometer is fed to a dedicated analog-to-digital converter and 6502 microcomputer, which, in turn, loads a dual ported RAM buffer with smoothed, digitized, tidal flow data. At the end of each minute the Apple 2+ processes the accumulated data and computes tidal volume, respiratory frequency, minute volume and the difference between inspired and expired volume. Numerical outputs for these variables and a histogram, representing the distribution of tidal volumes for the minute, are printed on a dot matrix printer. This inexpensive system is capable of presenting contemporary, summarized, ventilatory data in a form that is potentially very useful for the clinicians who are managing the care of the infant.

Computers↗
PubMed1990

Advanced microcomputer-aided medical illustration.

In a visually oriented field such as diagnostic radiology, illustrations, diagrams, and other types of art-work can complement verbal description and photographs, simplify the description of anatomic concepts, and add interest and aesthetic value to a presentation or manuscript. The vast potential of the microcomputer for creating high-quality art and graphics is being realized by the availability of high-level illustration programs running on fast computer systems. Advanced microcomputer applications for illustration have the tools to compose and execute drawings of virtually unlimited detail and complexity. Digitized images can be used as drawing templates or as components of finished art. Text is easily incorporated. Each individual element of a drawing can be changed or edited without altering other portions of the drawing. finished art can be output to laser-xerographic printers, film recorders, and photo imagesetters.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1985

Managing bibliographic citations using microcomputers.

Programs are now available to construct and retrieve lists of bibliographic citations by microcomputers. Although considerable effort must be expended to learn to use them, once mastered, they can be useful to anyone who must manage large collections of references. There are several ways to use personal computers to store and retrieve bibliographic citations. Word processors can be used to manage relatively small lists of citations. Preprogrammed bibliographic systems are available that are designed specifically for this purpose. A general data base management program can also be adapted for bibliographic purposes and used for other functions as well. This essay has been prepared to provide guidance to those who have a working knowledge of microcomputers and wish to expand this to use a data management system for bibliographic purposes. The dBASE II program is used to illustrate how to set up a bibliographic system. Methods are described on how to prepare citations for storage and retrieval using combinations of key words and Boolean operators, how to prepare selected lists of references and arrange them in alphabetic order or by subject heading, and how to print tailored lists of citations. The system was found to be highly responsive to commands and able to provide rapid retrieval of information.

Bibliography of Medicine↗
PubMed1986

Free flap monitoring using a microcomputer linked to a laser Doppler flowmeter.

The problems of free flap monitoring using the Periflux PF108D laser Doppler flowmeter (PLDF) are discussed, as are the indices of flap perfusion that the laser Doppler flowmeter can provide. The use of a microcomputer linked to a laser Doppler flowmeter by a suitable interface and using an appropriate monitoring program is described together with details of the system and program. It is suggested that linkage with a microcomputer offers a relatively simple, low cost method of improving the ease and reliability of free flap monitoring with the laser Doppler flowmeter.

Forearm↗
PubMed1979

EEG data acquisition and preprocessing by microcomputer satellite system.

Recent development in computer technology allows already medium scale EEG data processing to be performed within the clinical neurophysiology department, if a fast minicomputer with adequate mass storage and graphical output facilities is used. Data acquisition, however, should be delegated to a microcomputer which also should take over as much preprocessing as possible. A system is presented, where one or several microcomputer-based satellite units perform analog-digital conversion, Fourier transformation (FFT), calculation of power spectra and crossproducts, as well as event related averaging or other preprocessing procedures. The units are connected to a fast central minicomputer, where a supervisor program loads the microprocessors with their programs, supervises their activity, receives preprocessed data and activates appropriate postprocessing programs to produce the final results.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1985

Microcomputer-assisted data management in a case-comparison study.

A system of programs which process data on a microcomputer for a case/comparison study is described. The procedures process the data from the abstracted case source records, to control selection, interview data management, and the selection of data subsets for analysis. The capabilities of various data processing modules are outlined, and cost estimates of an existing implementation are discussed. The microcomputer is presented as an alternative to mainframe data management.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Microcomputer applications in pathology research.

In a study of over 700 cases of uveal melanoma on file in the Department of Pathology of Wills Eye Hospital, a low-cost microcomputer using commercially available software (without modification) was used to: word process and edit this manuscript, create a patient file storage and retrieval system including the ability to create subfiles, merge files, and interchange file types, plot data points in several different graphic formats, transcribe and store information from microscopic tissue sections containing intraocular melanomas, and solve complex equations including statistical analysis. The results showed that over 150 different ophthalmologists contributed specimens to this data base. The mean age of the patients studied was 57 years and the tumors were evenly distributed according to sex and laterality of the eye. This study illustrates the feasibility of using a low-cost microcomputer and commercially available software in the study of a large patient data base.

Computers↗
PubMed1987

Determining drug-drug interactions and related effects on microcomputers.

Algorithms for determining drug-drug interactions are described. They handle all the generic drugs in the British National Formulary (BNF) (Number 5, British Medical Association and Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1984) and allow these drugs to be identified by generic or trade name. They also accept and identify interactions for compound drugs prescribed by a single trade name. The algorithms can be implemented on any microcomputer and in a number of languages. The choice of algorithm and number of drugs handled depend on size and disk storage of the microcomputer. It was tested in collaboration with the Department of Geriatric Medicine, Liverpool University, and is used in a prescribing monitoring system operational in some wards of the Royal Liverpool Hospital. The drug data are stored in the form given in the BNF and can be easily updated from this publication. The algorithms can also handle drug allergies and cross-sensitivities.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1985

Laboratory instrument interface system (LIIS): a unit for the acquisition, temporary storage and transfer of data to a microcomputer.

A simple method of interfacing clinical and research laboratory equipment with a microcomputer is described. A four-channel buffer system has been constructed which stores data generated from laboratory instruments and then transmits the data directly to a microcomputer. The system is highly flexible with respect to the type of laboratory equipment and model of computer that can be interfaced, and it allows for virtually automatic data acquisition and analysis.

Computers↗
PubMed1987

External quality assessment data analysis by microcomputer.

Microcomputers are now widely used in clinical laboratories because of their low price and the availability of a wide variety of software that can be adapted to the users' requirements. The continuously increasing numbers of patients, tests and the use of automation are additional factors which emphasize the need for computers. A microcomputer software that meets the exact requirements of the Quality Control Unit was developed to evaluate laboratories participating in the Kuwait National Bacteriological Quality Assessment Scheme.

Computers↗
PubMed1988

A microcomputer program for fitting two-substrate enzyme rate equations.

This paper describes a microcomputer program written in BASIC for fitting different two-substrate enzyme kinetic mechanisms. The present program is a complement of one which was recently published and was developed to fit different models of enzyme inhibition. The complete program resulting from this complementation allows the fitting of the most usual rate equations found in steady-state studies of enzyme kinetics. The program based on a non-linear least-squares regression, can be run on any microcomputer having the CP/M operating system. The initial rate equation for a steady-state random bisubstrate mechanism was chosen to evaluate the performance of the program, with contrived data of known error structure.

Computers↗