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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Methods of measuring wound size: a comparative study.

The lack of an accepted method of accurate and objective measurement of wound dimensions is a major obstacle to the assessment of effective wound management regimes. This study compares three different wound volume measurement techniques (filling the lesion with saline, molding of a dental impression material and a computer vision method based on image processing and the Structured Light technique) in terms of accuracy, precision and practicability in a clinical environment. Three groups of hospital staff, doctors, nurses and technicians, repeatedly measured a set of 6 different models of wounds. Measuring wound volume by filling it with saline produces results with standard deviations between 9 percent and 18 percent of the actual volume. Dental impression material performs better, between 5 percent and 16 percent, but is difficult to apply and time consuming to use. Apart from the advantage of providing instant optical records of wounds, the image processing method produces more reliable volume measurements with a standard deviation of between 3 percent and 15 percent. The results demonstrate that the computer based method yields the most reproducible results with a minimum of inter-observer error but the method is not applicable for undermined, very deep and very large wounds.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1987

The unstable pelvic fracture. Operative treatment.

While the pendulum has swung to the operative side, open reduction and internal fixation will surely not prove to be the panacea for all unstable pelvic fractures. The lasting effects, however, of attempts at aggressive fixation of the pelvic fracture will be the principles of management that are being established. This begins with the recognition of pelvic instability. It is in these unstable injuries that obtaining and maintaining an anatomic reduction is the best way to alter the natural history of the untreated pelvic fracture and to maximize the probability of obtaining a good long-term result. While the actual methods of internal and external fixation will continue to change, this principle is unlikely to alter. Therefore, if effective treatment can be achieved by closed means alone, that is an acceptable method. Similarly, external, internal, and combined operative and traction treatment methods that achieve this goal would also be acceptable. The question remains: Which method achieves the goal of obtaining and maintaining an anatomic reduction yet minimizes the early and late morbidity? This question is best answered by appropriate preoperative evaluation, subsequent planning, and precise, technically skillful surgery done by an experienced surgeon.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1982

Pachyonychia congenita: surgical management of the nail changes.

The fingernails of a woman with pachyonychia congenita were ablated by several different methods. The most effective, most rapidly performed, and most acceptable method was vigorous curettage and electrofulguration of the matrices and beds of the nails. The responses to treatment suggest that the matrix, rather than the bed, is the site from which the abnormality of the nails develops in pachyonychia congenita. Removal of the nail beds is not necessary to prevent recurrence of deformed nails, but it may reduce hyperkeratosis in their sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of an iodophor teat spray in the control of infections and cellular reactions in the udder.

A strictly controlled field trial was designed to assess the value of an iodophorpost-milking teat disinfectant in the prevention of new mastitis infections in a 132 cow herd. The disinfectant was applied by a hand spray, a method acceptable, effective, and less costly than conventional teat dipping methods. Only the left side of the udder was treated, the right quarters acting as controls. Dry-cow therapy and other methods of mastitis control were already practised, and no change in routine was introduced apart from half-udder teat spraying. Fifty-eight new cases of mastitis were found to occur on the teat-sprayed side, compared with 91 in the untreated quarters; 35 and 23, respectively, were clinical. No Group B streptococci existed in the herd, and the principal reductions were in Group C streptococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci, the percentages of which were halved. The percentage of coliform infections on the teat-sprayed side was, in contrast, doubled. The incidence of new clinical and subclinical disease without infection was in reverse ratio to that of infections, being 29-9 per cent higher in the quarters which were teat-sprayed. Analysis of cumulative CMT reactions from regular monthly surveys indicated that exponential cell-count values on each side of the udder were identical. Thus, while new infections were significantly reduced, overall cell counts were not, and there is clearly a need for further research into factors other than bacteria which may initiate teat damage and inflammatory changes in the udder.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1995

An articulated ankle external fixation system that can be aligned with the ankle axis.

Aligning an articulated ankle external fixator with the ankle axis located using a mechanical axis finder has been shown to preserve normal ankle joint kinematics while the fixed hinge device is attached. However, several problems exist preventing the clinical application of this finding for fractures of the tibial plafond. We initiated a series of studies to resolve these issues. First, the accuracy of the mechanical axis finder in biological systems was quantified by comparing it to that of a computationally derived helical axis. Second, a prototype fixator design was developed in the biomechanics lab to increase the versatility of intraoperative fixator placement. Finally, a radiographic method of locating the ankle axis was developed which is based on talar morphology independent of the fractured tibia. The prototype fixator has been accurately aligned along the ankle axis in cadaveric specimens using this method. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is the accepted method of treatment for tibial plafond fractures. It holds the advantage of sufficient fracture fixation to permit early joint motion. Good results have been reported using this method, but some authors have reported complication rates up to 50%. The wide surgical approaches required, in conjunction with preexisting soft tissue injury, are thought to significantly increase the risk of soft tissue complications. In response to these problems, many investigators are beginning to utilize external fixation as an alternate treatment modality. One external fixation system which has shown particularly good results is a monolateral cross-ankle articulated fixator (Orthofix SRL., Verona, Italy) which allows motion at the ankle joint as the plafond fracture is healing (Figure 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1987

Surgical management of patients with hyperhidrosis.

Eighteen patients with hyperhidrosis affecting different anatomical areas were treated with a variety of surgical methods. Bilateral axillary gland excision is an appropriate and cosmetically acceptable method of treating axillary hyperhidrosis (11 patients). Bilateral supraclavicular cervical sympathectomy was performed for excessive sweating of the hands (7 patients). Bilateral lumbar sympathectomy was necessary in only 3 patients with excessive sweating of the feet. When perineal hyperhidrosis is present, the first lumbar ganglia must be excised. Transaxillary, transpleural sympathectomy, removing the first to fourth thoracic ganglia, is successful in treating failures of sweat gland excision or troublesome sweating of hands and axillae.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Attitudes toward abortion as a means of sex selection.

A questionnaire was administered to 317 unmarried male and female college students in order to determine the acceptability of abortion as a means of achieving offspring of a desired sex. Respondents were given three hypothetical situations (first, second, and last child) to rate, comparing the present method of amniocentesis followed by abortion with proposed simpler methods. Acceptance ranged from 4.2% to 40.3%, being greatest among the less religious, male, and Protestant respondents. Proposed methods were only slightly more acceptable than the present one. Thus, simplifying the abortion procedure for the purpose of sex selection would not appear to increase its acceptability or utilization.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1975

Sudies in simpler tubocclusion methods.

This report reviews animal and human studies undertaken to develop simpler, safer, and more acceptable methods of female sterilization. Animal studies revealed inadequate prevention of pregnancy by tubocclusive methods from within the uterus, and the laparoscopic route was chosen. A series of clips were evaluated, and a clip was designed which would have a spring load, be wide enough to cause true tissue necrosis, have a firm grip on the tube to prevent dislodgement, and have a smooth external surface. Extensive human trials of the clip and applicator have resulted in over 1,000 patients with clips applied by 27 physicians in 10 centers throughout the world. Six pregnancies appear to have been due so far to application onto structures other than the isthmic portion of the tube. Complications due to the clip itself appear to be minimal, and the feasibility of performing this operation under local anesthesia in a hospital facility other than the operating room is currently under evaluation.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1975

A charcoal sampling method and a gas chromatographic analytical procedure for carbon disulfide.

Research is reported concerning an acceptable method for sampling and analyzing samples for carbon disulfide. Test atmospheres of carbon disulfide were generated dynamically using the syringe injection method, ant the theoretical concetnration verified by a liquid absorbent, colorimetric method. The CS2 was adsorbed on charcoal tubes, eluted with benzene, and quantitated with a gas chromatography equipped with a sulfer flame photometric detector. The results compared with the colorimetris analysis. The sensitivity of this method is 1 mug on a charcoal tube. The charcoal tubes were also tested for breakthrough volumes, holding power vs time, and the effect of air transport and temperature cycles.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1995

[Polyethylene glycol-thiosulfate (PEG-Th) staining--a modification of the AgNOR method].

Visualization and analysis of nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) by a silverstaining is a well accepted method in cytological and histological tumor diagnostic. For specific staining of the NOR the AgNOR-method developed by HOWELL and BLACK (1980) and PLOTON et al. (1986) is performed. One major disadvantage of the AgNOR-method is the instability of the reaction products and therefore the short durability of the slide preparations. A modification of the AgNOR-method, the PEG-Th-staining, leads not only to a longer durability of the reaction products but also to a better contrast within the sections. Main characteristic of the PEG-Th-staining is a postfixation of the specific silver precipitations for 5 min in a 5% sodium thiosulfate solution. It could be proven by image analysis that there is no significant difference between the morphometric parameters evaluated on AgNOR- and PEG-Th-stained sections. Therefore results evaluated on PEG-Th-stained sections are absolutely comparable to those obtained on sections stained with the AgNOR-method thus providing the advantage of a longer durability of the reaction products and easier evaluation.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive perceptions and method choice among young single women in the United States.

Data from a national survey of young unmarried women are used to analyze the relationship of perceptions of method characteristics to the acceptability of methods for use and to the actual contraceptive choice. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression analyses are employed to assess the effects of perceptions on method acceptability and on actual use. Methods that were seen as having more highly positive attributes were also seen as more acceptable, and were used by a greater proportion of the women in the sample, even though the overwhelming popularity of the pill overshadowed all other methods. It was concluded that perceptual factors can help predict who will use a particular method and that this can be potentially useful to family planning service providers in influencing method choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of five immunological methods for the assay of serum netilmicin.

Three specific immunological methods for the determination of netilmicin and two enzyme immunoassays for gentamicin were compared for assaying serum netilmicin. The commercial kits we used were Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Substrate Labelled Fluorescence Immunoassay (gentamicin) ( SLFIA ), Homogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay (gentamicin and netilmicin) (EMIT) and Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay ( FPIA ). After analysing spiked calf serum samples in the range of 0-15.8 mg X 1(-1) netilmicin, extensive statistical analysis was performed. The Performance Index was used to qualify the different methods. Results show that the SLFIA (gentamicin) kit is a very acceptable method for the determination of serum netilmicin levels, well comparable with the EMIT (gentamicin) kit and the EMIT (netilmicin) kit. FPIA and RIA require expensive specialized apparatus so it is only economically feasible when other drugs or substances are also determined on the same apparatus. The abilities and specific needs of each laboratory will play an important role in the choice of a method, because the tested kits are all within the range we need from a clinical point of view.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Determination of plasma non-esterified fatty acids and triglyceride fatty acids by gas chromatography of their methyl esters after isolation by column chromatography on silica gel.

Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglycerides were isolated from human plasma by column chromatography on silica gel. Eight principal fatty acids of each of these lipid classes were determined by gas chromatography of their methyl ester derivatives and quantified relative to multipoint standard curves. Within-day relative standard deviations for plasma non-esterified fatty acid and triglyceride fatty acid determinations were 2.4 and 3.2%, respectively. Day-to-day relative standard deviations for plasma non-esterified fatty acid and triglyceride fatty acid determinations were 1.4 and 1.1%, respectively. The total plasma concentration and the relative proportions of the eight non-esterified fatty acids determined by this method were significantly different from results obtained according to two generally accepted methods for direct plasma non-esterified fatty acid determination without a specific isolation step. These comparisons suggested that considerable fatty acid ester lipid hydrolysis occurred during these direct determination procedures, and that this hydrolysis resulted in 3-fold overestimation of plasma NEFA content by those methods. Measured levels of arachidonic acid are substantially overestimated by these direct determination methods in which non-esterified fatty acids are not isolated before derivatization.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1986

Reproducibility of rotational panoramic radiography: mandibular linear dimensions and angles.

The reproducibility of nine mandibular variables (linear dimensions and angles) assessed from panoramic radiographs with the Orthopantomograph 5 (Siemens) was investigated. Attention was given to the possible influence of recording the reference number of the head positioner with one or two radiographers. Two separate exposures of three groups of patients were made under different radiographic conditions, each group representing one method. Acceptable reproducibility was observed for the vertical and angular variables, the method variance being mostly within 3% of the total variance. Horizontal variables were clearly more unreliable. No statistically significant differences were observed between the reproducibility of the right and left sides. A negative correlation was found between the angular variables within two groups. For most variables, only small differences among the methods were found. The highest reliability was obtained when the same radiographer recorded the reference number of the head positioner and made both exposures. An accuracy study on five dried skulls showed an image magnification of approximately 18% to 21% for the vertical variables, whereas the gonial angle assessed from a panoramic film was almost identical to that measured on the dried mandible.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Environmental interventions for the prevention of travelers' diarrhea.

The diarrheal illnesses affecting travelers to areas with low standards of hygiene are due to exposure to microbial agents not in wide circulation in the travelers' home area. A major objective for the prevention of travelers' diarrhea should be to minimize exposure to these infectious agents. Studies of sporadic and epidemic travelers' diarrhea have shown that contaminated food and water are usually the most important vehicles for transmission of these agents. Travelers must know which foods and water sources to avoid and which they may reasonably be assured are safe. Also, methods for disinfecting potentially contaminated sources must be simple and practical. Acceptable methods for ensuring the safety of food and drink are amply documented in the literature. However, although the consumption of certain foods and beverages is clearly associated with an increased risk of developing travelers' diarrhea, in some retrospective studies adherence to strict dietary rules generally did not appear to diminish the incidence. Despite these findings, whose validity may have been weakened by study design flaws, careful attention to the preparation and choice of food and beverage is recommended for prevention of both diarrheal and nondiarrheal illnesses.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1985

Ileal conduit urinary diversion--early and late complications.

110 adult patients with benign and malignant conditions subjected to an ileal conduit urinary diversion were followed from 1 to 8 years after the operation. 62 patients (59 with a malignant disease) died in the follow-up period. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their primary diseases: (1) benign, (2) malignant without irradiation, and (3) malignant with irradiation. Early complication rates were 22% in group 1, 33% in group 2, and 29% in group 3. In addition, the complications were more serious in the group with malignant diseases. Late complication rates were 70% in group 1, 80% in group 2, and 54% in group 3, possibly due to a shorter time of observation in group 3. Renal function deteriorated in 18% of the patients but only 3% became uremic. When urinary diversion is inevitable we find this method acceptable, at least until the long-term results of newer methods are known.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The Periotest method for determining implant success.

The purpose of this paper is to show that the currently accepted methods for the determination of implant stability are unpredictable. It describes those techniques that are currently utilized for the assessment of implant success and discusses the problems they present. The paper will propose the Periotest method as a reliable and reproducible alternative to the methods currently available to the clinician for determining implant stability.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed2026

Diagnostic communication in functional neurological disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient acceptance and clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic disclosure is a key therapeutic moment in Functional Neurological Disorder (FND). This systematic review aimed to evaluate quantitative evidence on diagnostic acceptance, understanding, satisfaction, symptom outcomes, and healthcare utilisation following diagnostic disclosure in FND, and to conduct a meta-analysis of diagnostic acceptance. METHODS: Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science identified quantitative studies in adults with FND. Screening followed predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a structured template and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis of proportions was conducted using the Freeman-Tukey transformation. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included, four of which contributed to the meta-analysis (n = 481). Reported diagnostic acceptance rates ranged from 38.7% to 90%, although the timing and method of assessment varied across studies. Pooled acceptance was 0.68 (95% CI 0.44-0.88), with substantial heterogeneity. Structured or reinforced communication was frequently associated with improved understanding and satisfaction, although its superiority for diagnostic acceptance was not established. In some studies, diagnostic acceptance was associated with more favourable clinical outcomes, although findings were inconsistent. Some studies reported reductions in healthcare utilisation or costs following satisfactory diagnostic explanation, whereas others found no sustained overall reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic communication in FND is associated with differences in acceptance, understanding, and downstream clinical and healthcare outcomes. Approximately two-thirds of patients were reported as accepting the diagnosis following disclosure, although the timing and method of assessment varied substantially across studies. Empathic and evidence-informed communication may enhance understanding and engagement, although its effects on healthcare use and recovery remain uncertain. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Diagnostic disclosure should be delivered clearly, empathically, and with reinforcement over time. Written information, reputable educational resources, and opportunities for follow-up clarification may support patient understanding and engagement, although stronger comparative evidence is needed.

Humans↗