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PubMedDate not supplied

Acupoints [corrected] and meridians: a histochemical study.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the structural specificities of acupoints and meridians as well as their clinical effects. We processed 356 specimens, 287 of which from 48 adult and 2 newborn cadavers and the remaining 69 from living patients; samples were taken at three different levels: (1) beneath acupoints; (2) between meridians; (3) at a distance from meridians. We performed seven different staining to show the distribution of collagen fibers, reticular fibers, mucopolysaccharides (MPS), connective tissue, nerve threads, and blood vessels in specimens obtained from different areas. We found that some structural and biochemical discrepancies associated with acupoints and meridians including: (1) mucopolysaccharides (MPS), in particular acid MPS; (2) collagen fibers; (3) nerve endings. We discussed these findings from an anatomo-clinical point of view.

Acupuncture↗
PubMed2005

[Meridian regulation is a course of communicating and implicating of the informational system with the material system].

OBJECTIVE: To approach to the intrinsic mechanism of meridian regulation. METHODS: Summarize and analyze the results of the author's studies and the development of other studies about life regulating and meridian at home and abroad. CONCLUSION: The regulating mechanism of meridians has two levels. The macroscopic regulation center is the brain, and the microscopic regulation base is the energy and informational current that depends on electromagnetic and chemical oscillation mainly. The meridian regulation is the process of the energy and informational system communicating and implicating with the material system. Neuroendocrine is the link of communicating and implicating, and Ca2+ oscillation frequencies exert intermediary function between the two systems.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

[Study on the meridians and acupoints based on fasciaology: an elicitation of the study on digital human being].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlativity of meridians and acupoints with fascial system. METHODS: The lines and beads-like structures seen by fasciaology and scanning connective tissue, were combined with traditional meridians and collaterals, and acupoints to investigate channels, collaterals and acupoints. RESULTS: The high correlativity of the meridians and acupoints with the fascial system was found. CONCLUSION: The concept, functions, clinical application and mechanisms of meridians and acupoints can be preliminarily explained.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of electroacupuncturing heart meridian on arterial blood pressure with myocardial ischemia in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between Heart Meridian (HM) and cardiac function. METHODS: Forty-eight rabbits with acute myocardial ischemia resulting from intravenous pituitrin injection was conducted. Electroacupunture(EA) on the HM and the Lung meridian, 3 points for each, was applied and their change of arterial pressure was observed. RESULTS: The distinct difference existed in the improvement of arterial pressure on the HM and Lung Meridian with EA. The regulatory action of EA in HM on the cardiac function was significantly better than that of EA in Lung Meridian. CONCLUSION: HM was closely related to the cardiac function.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The structure-function relationship in eyes with glaucomatous visual field loss that crosses the horizontal meridian.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between visual field loss and glaucomatous optic discs in eyes in which field loss spreads across the horizontal meridian. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety-six patients with glaucoma (9 advanced, 60 moderate, and 27 early) with 2 successive abnormal fields were included. Standard achromatic automated perimetry defects were identified with a nerve fiber bundle map to identify abnormal sectors. Crossover was present if the superior and inferior sectors at the horizontal meridian (nasal, central, or temporal) were both abnormal. Optic disc damage was assessed by masked grading of simultaneous stereophotographs. RESULTS: Only 30% (29) of glaucomatous eyes showed crossover, and only 2 of those eyes had early loss. The most frequent pattern of visual field loss (41% of eyes) was single hemifield damage with defects in contiguous sectors. Regardless of the pattern or severity of visual loss, most eyes (66 [69%] of 96) had both superior and inferior optic disc damage. CONCLUSIONS: Early glaucomatous visual field loss rarely crosses the horizontal meridian, but defects in both hemifields at the horizontal meridian are more common in more advanced field loss. In 26 (90%) of 29 eyes with crossover, it could be explained by changes at the optic nerve head.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Vertical meridian representation on the prelunate gyrus in area V4 of macaque.

The representation of the lower quadrant in area V4 is presently thought to extend along the prelunate gyrus from a foveal representation laterally all the way to the dorsal end of the superior temporal sulcus. However, several studies suggest the possibility of a more complex organization. To see if the visuotopic organization on the crown of the gyrus was relatively homogeneous or instead contained inhomogeneities indicative of more complex organization, we recorded from a grid of points over the prelunate gyrus. Receptive-field size and scatter in the region are large, making it difficult to infer topography from simple inspection of receptive-field sequences. We developed an averaging procedure using data from all recording sites to detect an inhomogeneity in topography with respect to the vertical meridian. With this procedure, we found a vertical meridian representation just medial to the medial end of the lateral sulcus. We also found a significant difference in the incidence of orientation sensitivity on either side of the meridian representation. The results show that the crown of the prelunate gyrus cannot be described as a single homogeneous region, but instead contains at least two different sub-regions adjoining along a shared representation of the vertical meridian.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An ultrastructural investigation of 180 degrees-rotated ciliary meridians in Tetrahymena pyriformis.

An ultrastructural investigation has been carried out on 180 degrees-rotated ciliary meridians (inverted meridians) in Tetrahymena pyriformis temperature-sensitive mutant (mo1b/mo1b), syngen 1, strain B. The longitudinal, transverse and post-ciliary microtubular bands, the kinetodesmal fiber, and the parasomal sac, are shown to be disposed at a 180 degrees angle to their normal positions or orientations. Other abnormalities are as follows: the first 2 basal bodies of the inverted meridian fail to organize into "couplets" and the inverted meridian intrudes into the anterior pole region; an extra longitudinal microtubular band is found in one of the cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Vertical and horizontal meridian sparing in occipital lobe homonymous hemianopias.

We report two patients with unique homonymous hemianopias from occipital lobe infarctions. One patient had vertical meridian sparing, and the other displayed horizontal meridian sparing. MRI correlation with the visual field defects confirmed that the vertical hemianopic meridian was represented along the border of the calcarine lips, and the horizontal meridian lies at the base of the calcarine banks deep within the calcarine fissure.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Use of the meridian test for the detection of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection in horses with decreased performance.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate use of the acupuncture meridian test for detection of recent or recently reactivated equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection in horses with decreased performance. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 40 horses. PROCEDURE: Physical and neurologic examinations were performed, and acupuncture points on the bladder meridian were tested for sensitivity reactions in case and control horses. Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to determine whether EHV-1 or equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) DNA could be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Complement fixation (CF) tests for detection of antibodies against EHV-1 and EHV-4 and virus neutralization (VN) tests for detection of antibodies against EHV-1 were performed on paired serum samples obtained 3 weeks apart. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in skin sensitivity in the cervical, sacral, and gluteal regions and flank between case and control horses. By use of the meridian test, all case horses were sensitive to manipulation of all acupuncture points believed to be associated with EHV infections, whereas only a few control horses were sensitive at an occasional point. Equine herpesvirus type 1 or EHV-4 viremia was not detected in any horses. Mean +/- SDVN antibody titers against EHV-1 were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Mean +/- SD CF antibody titers against EHV-1 obtained 3 weeks after the initial samples were higher in case horses than control horses; however, unequivocal seroconversion was not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the meridian test in case horses were associated with sensitivity reactions similar to those detected by physical and neurologic examinations; however, an unequivocal association with EHV-1 or EHV-4 infection was not detected.

Acupuncture↗
PubMed2006

Enhanced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in gastric mucosal cells by the serum derived from rats treated with electroacupuncture at stomach meridian acupoints.

AIM: To investigate the effect of serum derived from rats treated with electroacupuncture at stomach meridian acupoints on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in gastric mucosal cells. METHODS: The stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rat model was established by water-immersion and restrained stress methods. 52 rats were randomly divided into: normal group (n = 8), model group (n = 8), model serum group (n = 12), stomach serum group (n = 12), and gallbladder serum group (n = 12). The gastric mucosal cells were separated by pronase-EDTA digestion method and incubated with serum. The EGFR gene expression in gastric mucosal cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS: Compared with normal group (0.6860 +/- 0.0594), the serum derived from rats of the stomach group (1.2272 +/- 0.0813, P = 0.00 < 0.01) and gallbladder group (0.9640 +/- 0.0387, P = 0.00 < 0.01) had a tendency to enhance the EGFR gene expression in gastric mucosal cells. Such tendency existed in the model group (0.7104 +/- 0.0457) but with no significant difference (P = 0.495 > 0.05) and in model serum group (0.8516 +/- 0.0409) with an extremely obvious difference (P = 0.001 < 0.01). Furthermore, the EGFR gene expression in stomach serum group was significantly higher than that in gallbladder serum group (P = 0.00 < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that serum derived from rats treated with electroacupuncture at stomach meridian acupoints can distinctly increase the EGFR gene expression of gastric mucosal cells. Therefore, there is certain meridian specificity in the serum, which could provide a proof for the TCM theory "particular relation between meridian and internal organ".

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1990

Research on the acupuncture principles and meridian phenomena by means of infrared thermography.

In this study, the observation on acupuncture manner, the specificity of acupoints, maintaining needle and "MiuCi" needling, manual and electrical acupuncture, the thermal characteristics of meridians etc. were carried out in order to apply the thermography in the research of principles of acupuncture and meridian phenomena thus create a way to approach to the mechanism of acupuncture effect. Results showed a good prospect for this technique being widely used in the investigation of acupuncture and meridians and its practical significance. It's also identified that the thermography with the advantages of straight-forward, objective and simple fitted to be used in the research of acupuncture and meridians.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1990

Tri-meridional analysis using arbitrary meridians.

The evaluation of the sphero-cylindrical components of curvature or refraction from measurements taken along three distinct meridians has been solved for various sets of three fixed meridians. A constraint of those solutions has been that the meridians of measurement are necessarily predetermined, which introduces an unwelcome restriction in experimental or clinical applications of tri-meridional analysis. A new solution is presented (in three formats: analogue computer, graphical and algebraic), which enables any set of three meridians to be used for tri-meridional analysis. A computer program listing (in BASIC) is included.

Computers, Analog↗
PubMed1989

[Study on "massage to activate the meridian" apparatus in the treatment of cholecystolithiasis].

This apparatus is designed in accordance with the doctrine and principles of traditional Chinese medicine and based on the theory of meridian and specific massage procedure in conjunction with the "Information Theory" and electron utilizing technique. It utilizes a programmed induction "Special Wave" to stimulate a series of acupuncture points, combined with administration of western drugs from a regime of "General Attack" treatment on the gallbladder stones, to enhance their evacuation. By stimulating the specific acupuncture points with this apparatus through the action of "Special Wave" strong contraction of the gallbladder can be elicitated. Experiments on dogs showed that under such stimulation the intra-gallbladder pressure can be increased 26 times, producing a jet of bile flow which facilitates the expulsion and evacuation of stones in the gallbladder. Method of use: first place a conductive rubber pad on the acupuncture point to be stimulated, then use a hand-held electrode to massage-stimulate the meridian. It is carried out forward and backward along the direction of meridian. The whole procedure is carried out under direct visualization with the help of ultrasonic B-scan. When dilatation of the common bile duct is observed, the hand-help electrode is used to perform push-compress massage on the meridian, and acupuncture points making the stones enter the common bile duct B-scan give proper orientation for the manipulation. This method has been tested clinically on 410 patients with good results. The evacuation rate of the gallbladder stones was 92.7% with complete evacuation achieved in 17.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Plus meridian incision for secondary implantation.

We studied 25 consecutive secondary implantations with a minimum of 4 months follow-up to learn the effect on astigmatism of passing or not passing the incision through the most plus corneal meridian. Eighteen of the 19 cases having a most plus meridian incision had postoperative astigmatism of 1 diopter or less, and their average astigmatism was reduced by surgery. All six of the cases with the incision not passed through the most plus meridian had postoperative astigmatism greater than 1 diopter, and their average astigmatism was doubled by surgery. The astigmatic difference between the two patient groups was highly significant. A most plus meridian incision is recommended.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Interlamellar cohesive strength in the vertical meridian of human eye bank corneas.

PURPOSE: Previously, human corneal stromal interlamellar cohesive strength in the horizontal meridian was shown to be twice as strong peripherally as centrally (approximately 2.90 x 10(-1) versus 1.40 x 10(-1) N/mm). In the current study, stromal samples excised from the vertical meridian were studied to determine if meridional differences also exist. Precise knowledge about corneal stromal structure is warranted, because anisotropy can influence postoperative healing strength and corneal shape. METHODS: Limbus-to-limbus stromal strips with a constant 2.2-mm width were obtained from the vertical meridians of 52 eyebank corneas (8 single, 22 pairs). Cohesive strength was recorded as samples were split at a constant 1.6 mm/s at 50% stromal depth. RESULTS: The mean cohesive strength in the inferior periphery was found to be only two thirds the strength observed in the nasal or temporal periphery (1.96 x 10(-1) N/mm versus approximately 2.94 x 10(-1) N/mm @ 5 mm). The mean cohesive strength in the inferior periphery was also significantly less than the strength of the superior periphery (1.85 x 10(-1) N/mm +/- 8.83 x 10(-3) SEM versus 2.34 x 10(-1) +/- 1.37 x 10(-2) @ 4 mm from the central cornea; P = 0.0027). Unlike the samples from the horizontal meridian, which could be described by a profile symmetric about the central cornea, force profiles for the vertical data could be characterized with distinct, classifiable patterns that were generally asymmetric. Fellow corneas from a single donor tended to have strength profiles belonging to the same class (P = 0.035; chi-square), although some paired eyes exhibited profiles from distinctly different classes. CONCLUSIONS: These data strongly support the concept of an anisotropic collagen macrostructure that is more complex than previously believed. This inherent structural anisotropy may become a significant determinant of corneal shape during ectatic disease and some forms of keratorefractive surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Relationship of acupuncture points and meridians to connective tissue planes.

Acupuncture meridians traditionally are believed to constitute channels connecting the surface of the body to internal organs. We hypothesize that the network of acupuncture points and meridians can be viewed as a representation of the network formed by interstitial connective tissue. This hypothesis is supported by ultrasound images showing connective tissue cleavage planes at acupuncture points in normal human subjects. To test this hypothesis, we mapped acupuncture points in serial gross anatomical sections through the human arm. We found an 80% correspondence between the sites of acupuncture points and the location of intermuscular or intramuscular connective tissue planes in postmortem tissue sections. We propose that the anatomical relationship of acupuncture points and meridians to connective tissue planes is relevant to acupuncture's mechanism of action and suggests a potentially important integrative role for interstitial connective tissue.

Acupuncture↗
PubMed2003

Alternative method of gifted identification using the AMI: an apparatus for measuring internal meridians and their corresponding organs.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if meridian energy (qi or bioelectricity), as measured by the Apparatus for Measuring the Internal Organs and their Corresponding Meridians (AMI), could distinguish between gifted and average boys and to gather evidence to assess if the AMI device could be effective as an educational diagnostic tool, specifically for identifying gifted children. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental design using discriminant analysis to determine how accurately the AMI could predict group membership previously determined by intelligence tests. SETTINGS/LOCATION: Practitioner's office within clinic in Albuquerque, New Mexico. SUBJECTS: Thirty-three (33 boys; gifted, n = 11 and average, n = 22) ranging in age from 9 to 12 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: Meridian nervous system energy levels as measured by the AMI. RESULTS: On average, boys in the gifted group had statistically significantly calmer nervous system measures than the boys in the average group. The discriminant function generated from the AMI nervous system measures accurately predicted group membership 70% of the time. Classification accuracy by groups indicated that 55% of the gifted cases and 82% of the average cases were correctly classified. Upon cross-validation, accuracy by group stayed consistent with the average group (82%) and improved with the gifted group (64%). CONCLUSIONS: Bioelectrical energy patterns of the nervous system, as measured by the AMI, could distinguish between gifted and average boys. The accuracy found in this current study using the AMI as a screening tool to detect giftedness is promising, however, further studies will need to be conducted to see if the findings can be replicated.

Bioelectric Energy Sources↗
PubMed2005

Biophotonics in the infrared spectral range reveal acupuncture meridian structure of the body.

This study shows, for the first time, evidence of the existence of the acupuncture meridian structure in the human body. After moxibustion (or similar light stimulation) of the body in the 3-5 microm range, "light channels" appear on the body, which appear to be identical to what are known as meridians in all textbooks of Traditional Chinese Medicine. These findings appear not only to confirm the existence of acupuncture meridians, but they also open a new window on understanding the energy transfer dynamics of the human body. Furthermore, it is likely that living matter is not in the ground state, but permanently electronically excited.

Humans↗