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Results for “Maxillofacial Abnormalities”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Maxillofacial vascular malformation associated with abnormal communication between external carotid and cranial arteries].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the clinical characteristics of maxillofacial vascular malformation with abnormal communication between external carotid and cranial arteries. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with maxillofacial vascular malformations had been studied by arteriography of internal and external carotid, and vertebral arteries before embolization of tumor supplying artery. Cases found to have communications between extra- and intra-cranial arteries were analyzed. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (11.67%, 14/120) were found to have abnormal communications between external carotid and cranial arteries. Among them, 11 patients demonstrated communications between occipital and vertebral arteries, 1 patient showed ascending pharyngeal artery and vertebral artery communication, and 2 patients showed maxillary artery-ophthalmic artery communication. CONCLUSION: Embolization of tumor supplying artery is a safe and practical method for the treatment of maxillofacial vascular malformation when done under digital subtraction angiography and superselective catheterization to avoid the abnormal communicant branches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Dental findings in a case of Chondrodysplasia Punctata].

Chondrodysplasia Punctata is a disease belonging to the metaphysia syndrome. This disease is characterized by endochondral punctata calcification of epiphysis or apophysis, short legs and hands, arthrogryposis, saddle nose, ichthyosis, cataract and mental retardation. This report concerns a case of Chondrodysplasia Punctata (Rhizomeric form) in a 4 year 1 month old girl. Observations were made from the dental point of view, and the findings were as follows: 1) The mesio-distal and bucco-lingual lengths of all primary teeth were smaller than the standard size. 2) Measuring the dental cast, the width of the dental arch was found to be larger, but the length of the arch was found to be smaller than the standard size. 3) The value of the palatal height was slightly smaller, compared with that of the normal children. 4) According to X-ray cephalometric analysis, the growth of the mandible was insufficient. 5) An enlargement of the angles of the teeth axes of the upper and lower central incisors was found. 6) The growth of the basal arches of the maxilla and mandible were shown to be retarded in the anterior portion. 7) Measurement of the area of the tubella sella triangle, revealed the posterior parts to be large and almost standard in the mesofacial part, and small in the mandibulo-facial parts.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regulation therapy by Castillo-Morales in children with Down syndrome: primary and secondary orofacial pathology.

Since Castillo-Morales developed the Orofacial Regulation Therapy for children with Down syndrome in the mid 1970s, close observation of orofacial symptoms in the growing child has led to new findings. Primary orofacial signs are present at birth through age one; secondary alterations develop with untreated school-age children. A synopsis of the most important disorders in children with Down syndrome is given. Findings that relate to malfunction are summed up; these findings can be influenced by Orofacial Regulation Therapy.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Clinical indications as a basis for ordering extraoral imaging studies.

Extraoral imaging exams can be an important diagnostic tool for a wide variety of pathologies ranging from bone and mineral disorders, to metabolic disorders, genetic abnormalities, and soft-tissue calcifications such as carotid artery calcification. This article reviews a number of disorders that may manifest in the head and neck region and provides information on how the disorders in question may appear on an extraoral radiograph. It then presents an approach to using clinical indications as a basis for determining when to order extraoral imaging studies.

Bone Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed2000

Identification of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors type 1 and 2 in human masseter muscle.

Changes in masticatory muscle structure and function are either developmental, as seen in anomalies of facial form, or adaptive, as seen during procedures such as orthognathic surgery and functional-appliance orthodontic therapy. Remodelling of muscle extracellular matrix is pivotal in these processes. This turnover is mediated via members of the family of enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and inhibited by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). The aim here was to investigate the in vivo pattern of expression and distribution of MMPs and TIMPs in masseter muscle of humans with both normal and abnormal facial forms. Masseter muscle biopsies were taken from 10 patients, four with long-face syndrome and six normal controls as confirmed by cephalometry. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to show the pattern and distribution of MMPs and TIMP proteins in the muscle. Zymography of tissue extracts was used to determine the presence of MMP activity. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the presence of MMP and TIMP-2 mRNA. MMP-1 was expressed around the individual muscle fibres, especially in those fibre surfaces in contact with the interstices of the connective tissue and around blood vessels. MMP-9 staining was less intense and was expressed in the interstices of the connective tissue and around blood vessels. Zymography of protein extracts confirmed that MMP-9 activity was present. MMP-2 and MMP-3 were not expressed in the samples, although MMP-2 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR and its activity could be detected by zymography. Intense TIMP-1 staining was present around each muscle fibre, in the interstices of the connective tissue and surrounding blood vessels; TIMP-2 mRNA could be detected in all samples. These staining patterns were seen in all biopsies examined and were irrespective of the facial form of the donor. These findings provide evidence that the mechanisms required for matrix remodelling are present in the human masseter muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Transplantation of free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction].

OBJECTIVE: This clinical study was to improve the surgical treatment to craniomaxillofacial tissue defects. METHODS: Since 1997, eight cases with severe craniomaxillofacial defects were treated using free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. In the operation, nerve anastomosis was performed. Of the 8 cases, 7 were treated in one stage, 1 was treated in 3 steps. The craniomaxillofacial defects ranged from 10 cm x 8 cm to 30 cm x 12 cm. The flaps was 12 cm x 10 cm to 32 cm x 16 cm in size. RESULTS: Postoperative follow-up for 6 months to 4 years demonstrated satisfactory results in all the cases. There was neither necrosis nor ulcer after the operation. The sensation recovery of the flap was also satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Free transfer of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is an ideal treatment to severe craniomaxillofacial defects as it possesses the advantages of reliable blood supply, ability against infections, large size, concealed donor site, and functional restoration of sensation and movement.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of vascular injuries on hemostatic abnormalities in prolonged surgeries of maxillofacial malignant cancer].

We evaluated the effects of surgical invasion and vascular injury on hemostatic abnormalities in seventeen ASA I-II patients undergoing prolonged surgeries of eight hours or more consisting of tumor excision, radical neck dissection and free flap reconstruction in the maxillofacial region. As molecular markers of blood coagulation and surgical invasion, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F 1 + 2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), thrombomodulin (TM) and plasmin alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured during surgery and on the first and second postoperative days. The F 1 + 2 values increased significantly during surgery and decreased postoperatively, and reached the maximum at the end of surgery. Changes in IL-6 and tPA were similar to those of F 1 + 2, and there was a correlation in the levels of F 1 + 2 and IL-6 (r = 0.54), tPA (0.41) and PIC (0.30) at each measurement time. PIC and TM, however, did not show statistically significant changes intra- and postoperatively, nor was there any correlation between F 1 + 2 and TM values. From these results, we conclude that inflammatory mediators and endothelial stimulation activated by surgical invasion may influence hypercoagulability. Vascular injury, however, did not act as the main coagulation factor during prolonged maxillofacial surgery.

Adult↗