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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Investigation of Mitochondrial Transmission in Selected Matings between Homokaryons from Commercial and Wild-Collected Isolates of Agaricus bisporus (= Agaricus brunnescens).

Ten heterokaryons of Agaricus bisporus (= Agaricus brunnescens) were shown to carry four different mitochondrial (mt) genotypes by analysis of mt restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Fifteen homokaryons derived from these strains were used to investigate mt inheritance in A. bisporus. One hundred eighty-nine pairings were performed in 25 different combinations. Pairings in 15 different combinations produced heterokaryons on the basis of nuclear RFLP analyses and/or fruiting trials. The mt genotype of each new intraspecies hybrid was examined by using mt RFLPs as genetic markers. Our results suggest the following. (i) Recombination between the mt genomes was not a common event. (ii) From most individual pairings, all heterokaryons carried the same mt genotype. (iii) Heterokaryons carrying either of the two possible mt genotypes were observed in certain crosses after modification of the pairing procedure. A biparental transmission pattern was demonstrated for some crosses, but there appears to be a preference for one of the mt genotypes to predominate in any specific pairing.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Ultrastructural localization of dominantly increased fibronectin in the markedly thickened glomerular basement membrane in a selectively mated murine high IgA strain (HIGA mice).

To clarify which matrix component(s) contributes to glomerular sclerosis with mesangial IgA deposits in a murine high serum IgA strain (HIGA) derived from ddY mice, morphological and immunopathological analyses of glomeruli were performed in comparison with original ddY and BALB/c mice as controls. Significantly increased thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), especially the lamina densa, was observed in HIGA mice. Immunofluorescent staining showed marked increases in levels of fibronectin and laminin in both the mesangium and capillary wall in aged HIGA mice. Analysis of the distribution of immunogold-labeled antibody in GBM revealed a significant increase (p < 0.0001) and specific orientation of fibronectin in the endothelial side, which suggested that mesangial fibronectin produced at high levels due to IgA deposition extended to the endothelial side of GBM and contributed to the thickening of GBM with further development to glomerulosclerosis in the HIGA mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Female intrasexual competition decreases female facial attractiveness.

Evolutionary theory predicts that female intrasexual competition will occur when males of high genetic quality are considered to be a resource. It is probable that women compete in terms of attractiveness since this is one of the primary criteria used by men when selecting mates. Furthermore, because hormones influence the mate-selection process, they may also mediate competition. One competitive strategy that women use is derogation--any act intended to decrease a rival's perceived value. To investigate intrasexual competition through derogation, the influence of oestrogen on women's ratings of female facial attractiveness was examined. During periods of high oestrogen, competition, and hence derogation, increased, as evidenced by lower ratings of female facial attractiveness. By contrast, oestrogen levels did not significantly affect ratings of male faces. These findings support the theory of female intrasexual competition with respect to attractiveness.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Positive assortative mating with selection restrictions on group coancestry enhances gain while conserving genetic diversity in long-term forest tree breeding.

Selection and mating principles in a closed breeding population (BP) were studied by computer simulation. The BP was advanced, either by random assortment of mates (RAM), or by positive assortative mating (PAM). Selection was done with high precision using clonal testing. Selection considered both genetic gain and gene diversity by "group-merit selection", i.e. selection for breeding value weighted by group coancestry of the selected individuals. A range of weights on group coancestry was applied during selection to vary parent contributions and thereby adjust the balance between gain and diversity. This resulted in a series of scenarios with low to high effective population sizes measured by status effective number. Production populations (PP) were selected only for gain, as a subset of the BP. PAM improved gain in the PP substantially, by increasing the additive variance (i.e. the gain potential) of the BP. This effect was more pronounced under restricted selection when parent contributions to the next generation were more balanced with within-family selection as the extreme, i.e. when a higher status effective number was maintained in the BP. In that case, the additional gain over the BP mean for the clone PP and seed PPs was 32 and 84% higher, respectively, for PAM than for RAM in generation 5. PAM did not reduce gene diversity of the BP but increased inbreeding, and in that way caused a departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The effect of inbreeding was eliminated by recombination during the production of seed orchard progeny. Also, for a given level of inbreeding in the seed orchard progeny or in a mixture of genotypes selected for clonal deployment, gain was higher for PAM than for RAM. After including inbreeding depression in the simulation, inbreeding was counteracted by selection, and the enhancement of PAM on production population gain was slightly reduced. In the presence of inbreeding depression the greatest PP gain was achieved at still higher levels of status effective number, i.e. when more gene diversity was conserved in the BP. Thus, the combination of precise selection and PAM resulted in close to maximal short-term PP gain, while conserving maximal gene diversity in the BP.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2005

Intergenerational effects of parental personality and relationship traits on mate choice among gay male and lesbian offspring.

Data from 33 lesbian and 54 gay male cohabiting couples were used to examine the relation between parental identification and mate selection. Theories of mate selection and parental identification are reviewed. Effects of gender and sexual orientation as they relate to parental identification and mate selection in gay male and lesbian couples also are reviewed. The results demonstrate significant associations between the similarity of perceived parental personality and relationship styling traits with those of the partner. Socio-economic status, age, and culture also were significantly associated between parents and partners. Taken together, the results demonstrate little support for any specific theory and allude to the need for further research in this area. Limitations and implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sexual selection: copycat mating in birds.

Female zebra finches may be influenced by the choices of other females when selecting mates, challenging the view that mate-choice copying should not occur in species with biparental care.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Heterosis following long-term bidirectional selection for mating frequency in male Japanese quail.

Reciprocal crosses (sire line shown first and dam line second) among high (H) and low (L) selected lines and the randombred control line (C), which was the base population for the selected lines, were made after 40 generations of bidirectional selection for mating frequency of male Japanese quail. Significant heterosis for the selected trait was found only in crosses between Lines C and L, being 62 and 92% for LC and CL, respectively. Heterosis for percentage of maters was present in all crosses, ranging from 8% for HC and CH to 46% for HL. Three (HC, LH, and CL) of the six crosses had significant heterosis for both 4- and 8-wk BW. Heterosis for 4- and 8-wk BW was also significant for the HL and CH crosses, respectively. For area of the cloacal gland, heterosis was significant in five crosses. Although crosses tended to exhibit higher relative aggressiveness than their respective midparent means, heterosis for this trait was not significant. Reciprocal effects, although not important for most traits, were present for BW in crosses between Lines C and L and Lines H and C. In general, long-term selection for mating frequency of males changed the genetic basis of selected and correlated traits with considerable nonadditive genetic effects observed for most traits in specific crosses.

Animals↗