Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Magnesium Chloride”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Separation of serum high-density lipoprotein for cholesterol determination: ultracentrifugation vs precipitation with sodium phosphotungstate and magnesium chloride.

We compared two methods for separation of serum high-density lipoprotein: selective precipitation with sodium phosphotungstate and magnesium chloride, and ultracentrifugation in sodium chloride solution (relative density 1.063). When the cholesterol content (determined enzymically with a centrifugal analyzer) of fractions obtained by each method was compared (ultracentrifugation = x), the correlation coefficient was 0.97; y = 1.01x - 11.2 mg/L; p less than 0.05; n = 54. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation for this method were 1.1 and 4.0%, respectively. Reference intervals for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in subpopulations categorized by age and sex were based on data obtained from volunteer blood donors.

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed1979

Cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins: a comparison between dextran sulfate-magnesium chloride precipitation and preparative ultracentrifugation.

The cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL) has been determined in 140 serum samples after dextran sulfate-magnesium chloride precipitation of the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. The values correlated well with simultaneously measured values from preparative ultracentrifugation (slope 0.98, r = 0.93). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation in 60 specimen between the dextran sulfate-MgCl2 and heparin-MnCl2-precipitation method.

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed2000

[A 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of magnesium chloride in F344 rats].

In order to examine the toxicity of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, four groups of 10 male and 10 female F344 rats received the compound by dietary supplementation at 2.5, 0.5, 0.1 or 0% for 90 days. No treatment-related death was observed during the study. Transient soft stool and sustained increase in water consumption were observed both in males and females of the 2.5% group and slight reduction in body weight gain was noted in the high-dose males. There were no toxic changes in food consumption, organ weights, hematology and biochemistry, and histopathological examinations in any treated-groups. Based on these results, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level was estimated to be 0.5%, and 2.5% is considered to be appropriate as highest dose for a 2-year carcinogenicity study.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Ventricular tachycardia during theophylline overdose. Apropos of a case of reduction by magnesium chloride].

The authors report a case of ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced by theophylline toxicity in a patient with ischaemic heart disease complicated by left ventricular failure and chronic asthma. Two episodes of VT were reduced by intravenous injection of magnesium chloride. The aggravating role of a moderate magnesium deficiency is suggested by the synergy of hypomagnesemia and theophylline on intracellular calcium fluxes contributing to an accumulation of intracytoplasmic calcium, a situation which has been shown experimentally to generate delayed after depolarisations. The respective roles of the correction of the metabolic deficiency and of the specific antiarrhythmic action related to the calcium blocking effect of magnesium salts at cellular level are discussed.

Drug Overdose↗
PubMed1999

Magnesium chloride alone or in combination with diazepam fails to prevent hippocampal damage following transient forebrain ischemia.

In the central nervous system, magnesium ion (Mg2+) acts as an endogenous modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-coupled calcium channels, and may play a major role in the pathomechanisms of ischemic brain damage. In the present study, we investigated the effects of magnesium chloride (MgCl2, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 mmol/kg), either alone or in combination with diazepam (DZ), on ischemia-induced hippocampal cell death. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were subjected to transient forebrain ischemia for 15 min using the 4-vessel occlusion model. MgCl2 was applied systemically (sc) in single (1x, 2 h post-ischemia) or multiple doses (4x, 1, 2, 24 and 48 h post-ischemia). DZ was always given twice, at 1 and 2 h post-ischemia. Thus, ischemia-subjected rats were assigned to one of the following treatments: vehicle (0.1 ml/kg, N = 34), DZ (10 mg/kg, N = 24), MgCl2 (2.5 mmol/kg, N = 10), MgCl2 (5.0 mmol/kg, N = 17), MgCl2 (7.5 mmol/kg, N = 9) or MgCl2 (5 mmol/kg) + DZ (10 mg/kg, N = 14). Seven days after ischemia the brains were analyzed histologically. Fifteen minutes of ischemia caused massive pyramidal cell loss in the subiculum (90.3%) and CA1 (88.4%) sectors of the hippocampus (P<0.0001, vehicle vs sham). Compared to the vehicle-treated group, all pharmacological treatments failed to attenuate the ischemia-induced death of both subiculum (lesion: 86. 7-93.4%) and CA1 (lesion: 85.5-91.2%) pyramidal cells (P>0.05). Both DZ alone and DZ + MgCl2 reduced rectal temperature significantly (P<0.05). No animal death was observed after drug treatment. These data indicate that exogenous magnesium, when administered systemically post-ischemia even in different multiple dose schedules, alone or with diazepam, is not useful against the histopathological effects of transient global cerebral ischemia in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lack of carcinogenicity of magnesium chloride in a long-term feeding study in B6C3F1 mice.

Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were given magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O) at dose levels of 0 (control), 0.5 and 2% in the diet for 96 wk, after which all animals received the control diet for 8 wk and were then necropsied. In females of the high-dose group a decrease in body weight was observed. However, survival rates did not differ between the treatment and control groups for males or females. Furthermore, clinical signs and urinary, haematological or serum clinical chemistry parameters showed no treatment-related effects. On histological examination, tumours were mainly found in the skin/subcutis, liver and lymphatic system. However, with the exception of a significant decrease in the incidence of liver tumours among males of the high-dose group, no differences were noted in the tumour incidence between the treated and control animals. Thus, the study described here clearly shows a lack of carcinogenicity of MgCl2.6H2O given to B6C3F1 mice in the diet.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Survey on the quality of commercial Nigari (crude magnesium chloride [sea water])].

Contents of minerals (Mg, Ca, Na and K), anions (SO4(2-), Br- and Cl) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg and As) were determined in 17 commercial samples of Nigari, 15 samples of crude magnesium chloride (sea water) products as a food additive and 2 magnesium-containing foods. Obtained values were compared with the specifications proposed in a draft of the eighth edition of Japan's Specifications and Standards for Food Additives. Out of 15 food additive samples, only 5 samples satisfied the specification. Since the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) proposed to lower the limits of heavy metals in food additives, a simple method was developed for the determination of low levels of Pb and Cd by extracting chelates of these metals with organic solvents. The quantification limits for Pb and Cd were 0.5 microg/g and 0.05 microg/g, respectively. It was estimated from the SO4(2-)/Ca ratios that 15 samples were sea water evaporation products, and the remaining 2 were ion-exchange membrane process products. No pollution with heavy metals was found in any of the samples.

Food Additives↗
PubMed2002

Antinociceptive potency of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium chloride: a comparative study on models of phasic and incisional pain in rats.

A close relationship exists between calcium concentration in the central nervous system and nociceptive processing. Aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium interact with N- and P/Q-type voltage-operated calcium channels. In the present study we compare the antinociceptive potency of intrathecal administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium chloride in the tail-flick test and on incisional pain in rats, taken as models of phasic and persistent post-surgical pain, respectively. The order of potency in the tail-flick test was gentamicin (ED50 = 3.34 microg; confidence limits 2.65 and 4.2) > streptomycin (5.68 microg; 3.76 and 8.57) = neomycin (9.22 microg; 6.98 and 12.17) > magnesium (19.49 microg; 11.46 and 33.13). The order of potency to reduce incisional pain was gentamicin (ED50 = 2.06 microg; confidence limits 1.46 and 2.9) > streptomycin (47.86 microg; 26.3 and 87.1) = neomycin (83.17 microg; 51.6 and 133.9). The dose-response curves for each test did not deviate significantly from parallelism. We conclude that neomycin and streptomycin are more potent against phasic pain than against persistent pain, whereas gentamicin is equipotent against both types of pain. Magnesium was less potent than the antibiotics and effective in the tail-flick test only.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1982

[Carbohydrate content of lipoproteins after sequential precipitation with phosphotungstate magnesium chloride].

A method is described for rapid determination of protein-bound carbohydrates in human lipoproteins. The method is based on a successive precipitation of lipoproteins with sodium phosphotungstate and magnesium chloride. After purification of the separated lipoproteins by a twofold reprecipitation, a colorimetric determination of hexoses, hexosamines and N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) is performed. The coefficients of variation in the series are between 3.2% and 7.3%. The results for lipoprotein-bound carbohydrates after precipitation are compared with the corresponding values after separation by ultracentrifugation. The concentrations of hexoses, hexosamines and N-acetylneuraminic acid in the 3 lipoprotein classes VLDL, LDL and HDL of control persons are reported.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1978

The effect of oral magnesium chloride therapy on the QTc and QUc intervals of the electrocardiogram.

The effect of magnesium, given orally as enteric-coated magnesium chloride tablets, on the ECG of 25 randomly selected patients was investigated. Each patient, who served as his own control, was given 4--6 tablets, each containing 0,5 g MgCl26H2O, at night for periods varying from 6 weeks to 2 years. Findings included (i) a statistically significant decrease in OTc and QUc intervals; (ii) a progressive shortening of QTc and QUc intervals with continuing therapy; (iii) reversion to normal of ECG abnormalities, especially of ST segments and T waves.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

A comparative study of several agents alone and combined in protection of the rodent kidney from warm ischaemia: methylprednisolone, propranolol, furosemide, mannitol, and adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride.

The effect of 60 min of in situ warm ischaemia (37 degrees C) on renal function was investigated in the rat model. In addition, the effect of pretreatment with intravenously administered furosemide, mannitol, propranolol, methylprednisolone, and adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2), singly or in combination, was studied. The ischaemic kidney was effectively protected by the administration of methylprednisolone alone but not by furosemide, mannitol, ATP-MgCl2, or propranolol singly or in combination. These results demonstrate that rat kidneys subjected to 60 min of warm ischaemia can be safely protected with methylprednisolone pretreatment (3 mg/100 g of body weight) 30 min before warm ischaemia.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Changes in plasma, red blood cell and cerebrospinal fluid mineral concentrations in calves during magnesium depletion followed by repletion with rectally infused magnesium chloride.

Hypomagnesemic and normomagnesemic calves were infused rectally with MgCl2 X 6H2O to determine effects on magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) concentrations in plasma, red blood cells (RBC) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Sixteen Holstein bull calves were fed one of four semipurified diets containing low or adequate Mg and normal or excess K in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. When CSF Mg concentration began to decrease in calves fed low Mg diets, each calf was given a rectal infusion of 50 ml of 30% MgCl2 X 6H2O solution while under general anesthesia. Blood and CSF were then sampled periodically for 3 hours and plasma, RBC and CSF were analyzed for Mg, Ca and K concentration. Plasma Mg increased (P less than 0.001) within 5 minutes after rectal infusion in all calves regardless of diet. An increase (P less than 0.01) in CSF Mg was also observed within 30 minutes in hypomagnesemic calves with CSF Mg levels less than 1.8 mg/dl. Rectal infusions had no effect on K in plasma, Ca or K in CSF, Mg, Ca or K in RBC, or packed cell volume but plasma Ca had increased (P less than 0.05) within 120 minutes in calves fed low Mg and high K and within 60 minutes in those fed adequate Mg, normal K diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Antagonistic effect of magnesium chloride on the nickel chloride-induced inhibition of DNA replication in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

The degree of inhibition of semiconservative DNA replication induced by nickel chloride (NiCl2) was analyzed by radiolabeled-thymidine incorporation alone or with cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient centrifugation. The onset and duration of this Ni2+-induced inhibition was time- and concentration-dependent, but the degree of inhibition was not. A maximal reduction in the rate of DNA synthesis was observed within the first hour of treatment with 2.5 mM NiCl2, which was the highest noncytotoxic concentration utilized. After six hours, 500 microM and 1 mM as well as 2.5 mM NiCl2 all produced the same 50% to 60% reduction in [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The inhibitory effect of nickel ions on DNA synthesis was reversible. The rate of DNA synthesis following a 500 microM or 1 mM NiCl2 treatment began to increase after washout of nickel, but a six-hour exposure of cells to 2.5 mM NiCl2 produced a sustained 50% to 60% suppression of DNA synthetic activity for at least 36 hours. At all concentrations of NiCl2 used in this study, some inhibition of DNA synthesis persisted for at least 48 hours, but by 72 hours after treatment, the rate of [3H]-thymidine incorporation was actually 10% above the control. Examination of autoradiographic slides of cells treated with 2.5 mM NiCl2 for six hours demonstrated a 60% reduction of silver grains, but there was no preferential reduction in the quantity of grains in the nucleolus or any other region. Cesium chloride density gradient analysis of the replication of nucleolar DNA in cells treated with 2.5 mM nickel supported the autoradiographic findings. The inhibitory effect of NiCl2 on DNA replication was prevented by the addition of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) to cells maintained in a simple salts/glucose medium (SGM). This effect did not appear to be due to an antagonism of the cellular uptake of nickel by Mg2+, since the maximally effective dose of Mg2+ reduced 63Ni2+ uptake by no more than 25% while the inhibition of replication was completely reversed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Postichemic renal failure: accelerated recovery with adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride infusion.

Since previous studies have shown a protective effect of the administration of adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2) in shock, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of the infusion of ATP-MgCl2 after 30 minutes of renal artery occlusion. In animals who received no infusion or only MgCl2, the combination of reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), marked diuresis, and reperfusion of the outer cortex suggested that these animals were in the early recovery phase of acute renal failure. In the animals who received ATP-MgCl2, there was improved GRF, no diuresis, and a normal pattern of cortical blood flow distribution. These findings would suggest that the infusion of ATP-MgCl2 appears to have either ameliorated the effect of renal ischemia, or to have accelerated the recovery process. While the precise mechanism of action of ATP-MgCl2 remains unknown, these observations may have important implications for future use in organ preservation and the management of acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

Improved ischemic island skin flap survival with continuous intraarterial infusion of adenosine triphosphate--magnesium chloride and superoxide dismutase: a rat model.

Neurovascular island skin flaps are still hampered by occasional necrosis of their most distal aspect. Cells subjected to prolonged hypoxic conditions become intracellularly depleted of needed metabolic substrates and eventually die. Once hypoxic conditions are improved, ischemic tissue suffers further injury from the rapid accumulation of oxygen free radicals. This study showed 53% survival of a standard random flap constructed on the inferior epigastric neurovascular bundle of a rat. Random flap survival increased to 65% after intraarterial infusion of adenosine triphosphate--magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2); to 75% after superoxide dismutase infusion; and to 98% after combined ATP-MgCl2 and superoxide dismutase infusion. Neither substrate appeared to act by increasing blood flow to the ischemic tissue.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1966

Plaque enhancement of enteroviruses by magnesium chloride, cysteine, and pancreatin.

Wallis, Craig (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.), Fred Morales, Joycelyn Powell, and Joseph L. Melnick. Plaque enhancement of enteroviruses by magnesium chloride, cysteine, and pancreatin. J. Bacteriol. 91:1932-1935. 1966.-Plaque formation of 21 echoviruses (types 1-6, 9, 13, 15-19, 23-26, 29-32) and 8 coxsackieviruses (B1-6, A7, and A9) was enhanced by increased concentrations of MgCl(2), l-cysteine, and pancreatin in agar overlay medium. In most cases, cationic and anionic polymers (diethylaminoethyl dextran, dextran sulfate, or protamine sulfate) were ineffective. All strains of poliovirus and group B coxsackieviruses were enhanced under agar by MgCl(2). Five of the eight coxsackieviruses tested were also enhanced by cysteine or pancreatin. Certain enteroviruses, which have been difficult to assay by plaque method, can now be quantified effectively by incorporation of additives such as MgCl(2), cysteine, or pancreatin into the overlay medium.

Chlorides↗
PubMed2004

Improved production of recombinant fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7/KGF) from bacteria in high magnesium chloride.

Because of specificity for both heparin/heparan sulfate and the receptor complex on epithelial cells relative to other fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologues, there is considerable interest in clinical and commercial applications of FGF7 (also called keratinocyte growth factor or KGF) that require large quantities at reasonable cost. Production of recombinant FGF7 from bacteria suffers from lower yields and recovery relative to FGF1 and FGF2. Fusion of FGF7 at the N-terminus with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) followed by removal of GST by proteolysis while bound to natural ligand heparin improved the intrinsically low yields from Escherichia coli hosts to 3.2 mg per liter per OD(600), which was still only 10% of that for FGF1. Yield of the GST-FGF7 fusion product was improved to about 17 mg per liter per OD(600) in strain BL21(DE3)pLysS by inclusion of 10-100mM magnesium chloride (MgCl(2)) in the culture medium. This improved by about five times the yields of fully active 54ser-FGF7 after proteolytic excision of the GST portion from GST-FGF7 immobilized on heparin-Sepharose. This simple enhancement improves the cost-effectiveness of production of recombinant FGF7 in bacteria for clinical and commercial applications.

Culture Media↗