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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Bilateral anomalous origins of the posterior meningeal artery from the ascending pharyngeal arteries.

We present a rare case of angiographically confirmed dural arteriovenous fistula supplied mainly by the posterior meningeal artery with bilateral anomalous origins from the bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries. The bilaterality of the origins of the posterior meningeal artery is important in the angiographic diagnosis and management of a dural vascular malformation in the posterior fossa or the posterior part of the falx cerebri.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the posterior meningeal artery associated with intraventricular hemorrhage.

A 22-year-old man sustained a severe head injury and had a torn posterior meningeal artery that caused massive intraventricular hemorrhage. Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the posterior meningeal artery should be considered in cases where intraventricular hemorrhage occurs in the presence of occipital bone fracture and contiguous epidural hematoma; vertebral angiography is of value in this regard.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Vertex epidural hematoma associated with traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the middle meningeal artery: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Vertex epidural hematomas are rare. We describe the features of a vertex epidural hematoma associated with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the meningeal artery created by a laceration of the dura mater underlying a linear skull fracture. Although AVF associated with convexity epidural hematomas has been reported, we know of no such previous report of vertex epidural hematomas. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 65-year-old woman presented with generalized headache following head injury. On hospital day 3, she developed a left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a thick epidural hematoma at the vertex. Cerebral angiography showed an AVF between the middle meningeal artery and a venous lake. On hospital day 4, the epidural hematoma was evacuated. CONCLUSION: Although coronal MRI was important for diagnosis of this vertex epidural hematomas, the case particularly illustrates the importance of cerebral angiography. The delayed onset of hemiparesis most likely reflected a continuing increase in hematoma volume because of bleeding from the lacerated meningeal artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Innervation of the human middle meningeal artery: immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, and role of endothelium for vasomotility.

The majority of nerve fibers in the middle meningeal artery and branching arterioles are sympathetic, storing norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y (NPY). A sparse supply of fibers contain acetylcholinesterase activity and immunoreactivity toward vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptidine histidine methionine (PHM), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Only few substance P and neuropeptide K immunoreactive fibers are noted. Electronmicroscopy shows axons and terminals at the adventitial medial border of the human middle meningeal artery, with a fairly large distance to the smooth muscle cells (>500 nM). Several axon profiles contain vesicles of different types, including putative sensory profiles. The perivascularly stored signal substances, norepinephrine and NPY induced vasoconstrictor. Relaxations were induced by acetylcholine and substance P, and these were significantly reduced in arteries without endothelium, while the responses to norepinephrine, NPY, VIP, PHM, and CGRP were not changed by endothelium removal. Blockade experiments showed that the vasomotor responses to norepinephrine were blocked by prazosin, to NPY by BIBP 3226, acetylcholine by atropin, substance P by RP 67580, and the human alpha-CGRP response by human alpha-CGRP(8-37).

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

Acute subdural hematoma associated with nontraumatic middle meningeal artery aneurysm: case report.

A rare case of acute subdural hematoma from rupture of a nontraumatic aneurysm of the middle meningeal artery is described. The subdural hematoma was evacuated and the aneurysm was removed. The literature on nontraumatic aneurysm of the middle meningeal artery is reviewed. The importance of cerebral angiography in the patient with an unexplained subdural hematoma is emphasized.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Vasoconstriction in human isolated middle meningeal arteries: determining the contribution of 5-HT1B- and 5-HT1F-receptor activation.

AIMS: Sumatriptan is a 5-HT1B/1D-receptor agonist which also has affinity for 5-HT1F-receptors. The vasoconstrictor effects of sumatriptan are thought to be 5-HT1B-receptor mediated and these receptors have been shown to be expressed in human cranial blood vessels. However, in the same tissue mRNA coding for 5-HT1F-receptors has also been identified and this study addresses the possibility of whether 5-HT1F-receptor activation contributes to vasoconstriction. METHODS: The ability of two selective 5-HT1B/1D-receptor antagonists (GR125,743 and GR127,935) with no affinity for 5-HT1F-receptors, to inhibit sumatriptan evoked contractions in human isolated middle meningeal artery was investigated. Using a series of 5-HT1B/1D-receptor agonists (sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, CP122,288, L-741,519 and L-741,604), some with high affinity for 5-HTIF-receptors and the non-selective 5-HT-receptor agonists 5-HT and 5-CT, we compared the vasoconstrictor potency of these drugs in human isolated middle meningeal artery with their affinities at cloned human 5-HT1B-, 5-HT1D-and 5-HT1F-receptors expressed in CHO cell lines. RESULTS: GR125,743 antagonized sumatriptan evoked contractions in a competitive manner (apparent pA2 9.1) and GR127,935 antagonized sumatriptan-induced responses in a non-competitive manner (reducing the maximum contraction to 27%). There was a significant correlation between vasoconstrictor potency and 5-HT1B-receptor affinity (r=0.93, P=0.002) but not with 5-HT1D- or 5-HT1F-receptor affinity (r=0.74, P=0.06; r= 0.31, P= 0.49, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These experiments show that in human middle meningeal artery vasoconstriction to sumatriptan-like agents is 5-HT1B-receptor mediated with little if any contribution from 5-HT1F-receptor activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the extracranial middle meningeal artery.

Pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial arterial tree are uncommon. To our knowledge, four cases of pseudoaneurysm of the internal maxillary artery have been reported, but there have been no reports of pseudoaneurysm of the extracranial segment of the middle meningeal artery. A 15-year-old girl, who suffered a gunshot wound in the right maxillary region, suffered a pseudoaneurysm of the proximal portion of the middle meningeal artery, as shown by carotid angiography six days after injury. The lesion was successfully treated with absorbable gelatin sponge embolization. Treatment of pseudoaneurysms reduces the risk of hemorrhage from subsequent rupture. Although these lesions are amenable to surgery, transvascular embolization or mechanical interruption appears to be simpler and equally effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Autoantibodies against structures of the central nervous system in steroid responsive meningitis-arteriitis in dogs].

Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteriitis (SRMA) is a disease of dogs familiar in small animal practice for decades. A combined evaluation of IgA in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important diagnostic tool. It is suspected that immunpathological mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of SRMA because of the marked response to steroids. Excessive production of IgA seems to play a central role and might be caused by an immune reaction to self-antigens of the central nervous system (CNS). To test this hypothesis, we analyzed CSF samples from 55 dogs with SRMA using the western blot method. After blotting canine brain tissue, IgA, IgM and IgG of the CSF samples were tested for their binding to CNS antigens. We also evaluated CSF samples from 45 dogs with other brain diseases, including different encephalitides and intracranial tumors, and from healthy dogs as controls. Positive reactions (mostly IgA) were observed in the CSF samples from dogs with SRMA, different encephalitides and brain tumors (a total of 8% positive samples). The occurrence of autoantibodies against CNS structures was significantly higher in the control group "other brain diseases" than in the SRMA group (p = 0.0135). There was no significant difference in the number of positive samples between dogs with SRMA and the negative control group (healthy dogs, p = 0.1535). Despite the small number of positive samples, only dogs with abnormal findings in the CSF analysis also had autoantibodies in the CSF. There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of autoantibodies and levels of IgA, protein content and cell counts in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, there was a certain trend toward positive reactions in CSF samples with high protein content. The occurrence of autoantibodies in dogs with SRMA thus seems to be an epiphenomenona rather than the cause of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Middle meningeal artery trauma.

We present the case of a patient who had the symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage but was subsequently found to have an unusual combination of a separate traumatic pseudoaneurysm and a traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the middle meningeal artery. A review of the literature revealed a difference in the clinical course of patients with traumatic pseudoaneurysms compared to that of patients with arteriovenous fistulas. Patients who were found to have traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the middle meningeal artery frequently manifested signs of delayed hemorrhage. This mechanism may account for the prolonged lucid intervals exhibited in some patients subsequently found to have epidural hematomas.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1998

[A case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery treated with endovascular surgery].

A case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm treated by endovascular surgery is reported. The patient was a 20-year-old female. Acute epidural hematoma due to a traffic accident was removed. She was transferred to our hospital in the chronic stage after the operation, because traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery had appeared in the same location and had increased in size. We were able to eliminate the aneurysm by endovascular surgical treatment without craniotomy. Endovascular surgical treatment with embolization was less invasive to this patient with traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery than the usual surgical procedure.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula involving the middle meningeal artery.

Two cases of traumatic pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula involving the middle meningeal artery are reported with a review of the world literature on these specific entities. The two conditions appear to evolve through similar mechanisms and may lead to a confusing clinical picture. High quality angiography is important in making an early diagnosis, prior to performing a definitive surgical procedure.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1999

Lymphocyte subset distribution in steroid responsive meningitis-arteriitis in comparison to different canine encephalitides.

Steroid responsive meningitis-arteriitis (SRMA) is a well-known disease in dogs, but the aetiology and pathogenesis are not yet understood. In the peripheral blood an overrepresentation of B cells was found. In the present study we therefore evaluated the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in SRMA in paraffin-embedded tissue sections directly at the lesion sites and compared the results to different canine encephalitides. An intriguing finding was that the B cell/T cell distribution varied depending on the aetiology of the disease: in viral encephalitides, T cells were the predominant cell population in perivascular cuffs, whereas in protozoal and bacterial diseases B cells prevailed. In SRMA an overrepresentation of B cells occurred in meningeal lesions, as already found in the peripheral blood. The distribution of lymphocyte subsets was similar to bacterial and protozoal diseases and was not a unique phenomenon for this specific inflammatory lesion in the canine central nervous system (CNS). Multiple mechanisms seem to be responsible for recruitment and activation of different leukocyte subsets after alteration of the CNS tissue by an environmental factor. A specific finding in SRMA was that the distribution of T and B cells depended also on the lesion site. In contrast to meningeal lesions, in inflamed arteries T cells were the only lymphocyte population found. In these vessels, diffuse infiltration with immunoglobulins was revealed. Inactivated or resting lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes occurred in each of the diseases examined. These similarities between SRMA and infectious CNS diseases of the dog support earlier suggestions that the disease is somehow triggered by a hitherto unknown environmental factor which leads to the dysregulation of the immune system.

Animals↗