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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Synthesis of the C-linked disaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1-->4)-D-Man employing a SmI(2)-mediated C-glycosylation step: en route to cyclic C-oligosaccharides.

Investigations are reported on the assembly of the C-linked disaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1-->4)-D-Man, representing the first steps in our projected synthesis of a cyclic C-oligomer containing repeating units of this C-dimer. The key step in this synthesis uses a SmI(2)-mediated coupling of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl 2'-pyridyl sulfone with a C4-formyl branched mannopyranoside unit, affording the C-disaccharide derivative with complete stereocontrol at the two new stereogenic centers. Subsequently, a modified tin hydride based deoxygenation produced the target carbohydrate analogue. The synthesis of the C4-formyl monosaccharide makes use of a stereoselective radical-based allylation followed by double bond migration and ozonolysis.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1985

[Survey on Schistosomes of man and livestock in Senegal using specific identification given by chetotaxy of cercaria. I. New arguments for the validation of S. curassoni Brumpt, 1931, parasite of man and domestic Bovidae].

Study of Senegal cercariae emitted by naturally infected snails or by snails experimentally infected using eggs from human urine or from sheep liver, and study of the corresponding eggs. The relative position of the dorsal sensillae of cercariae is described by an "AD index" and the ratio length/width of eggs by an "L/l index." At the present time, we have not finished the epidemiological studies, certain experiments are imperfect and the isoenzyme analysis of the corresponding adults is incomplete. Nevertheless information given by the indices AD and L/l agree and lead us to admit the existence of a Schistosome different to mattheei, haematobium and bovis and which, following Brumpt and Gretillat we refer to as Schistosoma curassoni. If one relies on the indices, the study indicates that: a) S. mattheei has not been found in Senegal, b) S. bovis is quite rare, c) S. haematobium apparently exists in pure infections in Casamance and in mixed infections with S. curassoni in man in the north and in the east, d) S. curassoni is apparently the dominant species in domestic ruminants and in man in the north and in the east, e) Bulinus umbilicatus is the principal vector of S. curassoni and S. haematobium.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The pig as a potential organ donor for man. A study of potentially transferable disease from donor pig to recipient man.

Ten pigs, reared in an unmodified laboratory animal house environment, have been investigated to ascertain the incidence of diseases or disorders, including infection, neoplasia, or metabolic abnormalities, that might preclude the transplantation of major organs from the pig to man. Noninvasive studies were performed in the second month of life (study 1) and repeated after an interval that varied between 3 and 5 1/2 months (study 2). Necropsy was then performed as a means of assessing the accuracy of the 2 screening examinations. A total of 150 tests were performed on each pig. At both studies the feces contained cysts and/or trophozoites of several parasites, all of which were considered commensals. No other organisms potentially infective for man were identified either at study or at necropsy. Neither congenital anomalies nor malignant neoplasia was found at necropsy. However, in 2 pigs a vasculitis of uncertain etiology was present in the kidneys on microscopic examination, and in one of these the same condition affected the heart. This pathology was suspected neither from the screening examinations nor from the macroscopic appearance of these organs. Biopsy and microscopic examination would therefore appear to be essential before any organ is transplanted into a human.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the Man(alpha1-2)Man-specific lectin from Bowringia mildbraedii in complex with its carbohydrate ligand.

The lectin from Bowringia mildbraedii seeds crystallizes in the presence of the disaccharide Man(alpha1-2)Man. The best crystals grow at 293 K within four weeks after a pre-incubation at 277 K to induce nucleation. A complete data set was collected to a resolution of 1.90 A using synchrotron radiation. The crystals belong to space group I222, with unit-cell parameters a = 66.06, b = 86.35, c = 91.76 A, and contain one lectin monomer in the asymmetric unit.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Tubular handling of pepsinogen A and C in man: evidence for two distinct tubular reabsorption mechanisms for low molecular weight proteins in man.

Pepsinogen A (PGA) and Pepsinogen C (PGC) are circulating low-molecular-weight proteins. Both have been shown to be almost freely filtered through the glomerular basement membrane. In man, only PGA is present in significant amounts in the urine. This prompted us to investigate the tubular reabsorption of PGA and PGC in man. Fifty-eight 24-hour urine specimens and a serum samples were obtained from 21 healthy subjects. Eight serum and urine samples were obtained after raising the serum PGA and PGC levels by oral administration of omeprazole. Filtered loads of PGA and PGC and tubular reabsorptions were calculated. PGA was already present in the urine at filtered loads below the tubular reabsorption maximum (10.6 +/- 3.5 mg/24 h; mean +/- SD) that was reached at serum PGA levels above 66 micrograms/l. Furthermore, intraindividual variation in tubular reabsorption of PGA was observed. Urinary excretion of PGC remained very low and the tubular reabsorption maximum for PGC was not reached. These data show that the presence of large amounts of PGA in the urine of healthy volunteers is due to a low affinity of the tubules for PGA. Tubular affinity of PGA changes in time and factors responsible for these changes require further investigation. The absence of PGC from the urine is due to a high affinity of the tubules for PGC and a high capacity compared to normal filtered loads. The similarity between PGA and PGC molecules suggests that minor differences in molecular structure can be responsible for large differences in tubular reabsorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1968

Control of jejunal sucrase and maltase activity by dietary sucrose or fructose in man. A model for the study of enzyme regulation in man.

The specific effect of dietary sugars on jejunal disaccharidase activity in seven normal nonfasted male volunteers was studied. The sugars tested were sucrose, maltose, lactose, glucose, fructose, and galactose. Comparisons were made of the effects of each sugar in an isocaloric liquid diet. In all subjects, sucrose feeding, as compared to glucose feeding, significantly increased jejunal sucrase (S) and maltase (M) activities, but not lactase (L) activity. The S/L and M/L ratios increased to a significant degree. Fructose feeding, in two subjects, gave results similar to sucrose when comparing fructose and glucose diets. One subject was fed lactose, galactose, and maltose. These sugars, compared to glucose, did not increase disaccharidase activity. Fructose appears to be the active principle in the sucrose molecule. These results demonstrate that specific dietary sugars can alter enzyme activity in the small intestine of man in a specific fashion. Sucrose and fructose are able to regulate sucrase and maltase activity. Dietary alteration of intestinal enzymes may represent a suitable system for studying the regulation of enzyme activity in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fifty years after Freud: Dora, the Rat Man, and the Wolf-Man.

Three of Freud's case histories are reviewed and reexamined from the perspective of modern psychodynamic thinking. The Dora case illuminates advances in our understanding of adolescent psychology and countertransference. The cases of the Rat Man and the Wolf-Man draw attention to our increased awareness since Freud of the importance of the therapeutic relationship and the recognition that a two-person psychology is at work in the psychotherapeutic situation. The heuristic value of such comprehensive case reports is emphasized.

Austria↗
PubMed1976

Modulation of fatty acid metabolism by glucagon in man. IV. Effects of a physiologic hormone infusion in normal man.

This study was done to explore the role of physiologic elevations of glucagon concentration in plasma ketone body concentration in normal man. During the period of hormone elevation, plasma free fatty acids were pharmacologically elevated to ensure adequate free fatty acid substrate delivery to the liver to support hepatic ketogenesis. Eighty-minute infusions of glucagon resulted in a plasma hormone concentration of approximately 300 pg./ml. During the infusion, ketone bodies declined from their basal concentration and remained below basal for the duration of the infusion. An acute heparin-induced pharmacologic elevation of plasma free fatty acid concentration resulted in a transient rise in plasma ketone body concentration, but at no time did it attain the concentration observed during the control saline infusion. Plasma glucose concentration was not altered by glucagon infusion, but plasma insulin concentration rose by approximately 2.5 muU./ml. These results suggest that glucagon is not ketogenic in normal man as has been previously reported in insulin-deficient diabetics. The glucagon-induced rise in plasma insulin concentration may participate in the observed reduction in plasma ketone body concentration.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed2004

[The wax and wane of the trend of "man benefits man" in the late Ming Dynasty].

It was in the period of from Jia Jing to Wan Li Reign that the trend of medication of "man benefits man" appeared with rather great influence in the society. This medication trend experienced a process of rising, zenith, declining, and eventual termination. Among this trend, the refining process of Hong Qian (Red Lead) and Pan Tao Jiu (Mythical Peach Alcohol) was imbued with the ruin of women, arousing debate soon after the trend appeared, with a tit for tat struggle between two medical schools. This research reveals that such medication trend is an adverse current started by fallacious alchemists. Its influence goes beyond the scope of medical field, though its position in the medical province itself is rather low.

China↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on man-cattle-man infection cycle of Sarcocystis hominis in Yunnan].

The present paper reports on the results of an experimental study on man-cattle-man infection of Sarcocystis hominis, found in Yunnan Province. About ten thousand sporocysts collected from the feces of persons naturally infected with Sarcocystis hominis were fed to a calf, which was dissected 150 days later. Numerous cysts of Sarcocystis hominis were found in the cardiac and skeletal muscles. By light microscopy, the cyst wall of fresh preparation showed numerous thick, finger-like projections, with maximum length of 7.9 microns. By electron microscopy, the cyst had a regularly folded, with primary wall forming palisade-like protrusions. Numerous sharp invaginations found in the protrusions were sawtooth-shaped, covering the whole surface of the protrusions. No fine fibrils were observed within the zone of ground substance beneath the primary cyst wall. Two rhesus monkeys were fed with beef infected with Sarcocystis hominis and sporocysts and oocysts were found in their feces 29 and 31 days later, the patent period of sporocyst excretion being 5 and 7 days, respectively. The senior author had taken voluntarily 60 g beef of the experimentally infected calf, and presented clinical symptoms such as anaemia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fatigue and dizziness on d3 post infection with sporocysts and oocysts found in the feces on d8. The patent period of sporocyst excretion was more than 42 days. The mean size of 50 sporocysts was 11.90 +/- 0.04 x 15.88 +/- 0.03 micron and that of 50 oocysts, 15.56 +/- 0.05 x 19.76 +/- 0.04 micron. On d50 he took acetylspiramycin tablets, the initial dose being 0.4 g, followed by 0.2g qid. for 15 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Determination of mevalonate in blood plasma in man and rat. Mevalonate "tolerance" tests in man.

A method is described for the determination of mevalonate in ultrafiltrates of blood plasma. The method depends on the phosphorylation of mevalonate with [gamma-32P]ATP and mevalonate kinase to 5-[32P]phosphomevalonate, and the subsequent isolation of the 5-[32P]phosphomevalonate together with known amounts of added 5-phospho[14C]mevalonate by ion-exchange chromatography. The 32P/14C ratio in the isolated 5-phosphomevalonate is a linear function of the mevalonate content of the samples. The smallest amount that can be determined is 1--2 pmol. The fasting level in human plasma varied between 20 and 75 pmol/ml. Human red blood cells absorb mevalonate from plasma relatively slowly; their maximum storage capacity is about 1.3 pmol/10(6) red cells. An oral and intravenous "mevalonate tolerance test" in man is described that can be carried out with 200 and 30 mumol. respectively, of the unlabeled (RS)-mevalonate in a 70-kg man. Beer and wine contain mevalonate at a concentration of 3--8 microns, too low to provide a significant amount of mevalonate even for heavy drinkers. The mevalonate content of the plasma from the blood of the vena cava inferior of male rats varied between 81 and 502 pmol/ml and is positively related to the levels of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-CoA reductase, suggesting that the liver is probably the main source of mevalonate circulating in blood. The plasma of renal venous blood contained only 33--85% as much mevalonate as the arterial plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Oncodevelopmental expression of--GlcNAc beta 1-6Man alpha 1-6Man beta 1--branched asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in murine tissues and human breast carcinomas.

Increased--GlcNAc beta 1-6Man alpha 1-6Man beta--branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides has been observed in murine and human tumor cells and has recently been linked to enhanced metastatic potential in experimental tumor models. Leukoagglutinin (L-PHA) requires the beta 1-6-linked lactosamine antenna (beta 1-6 branch) for high affinity binding and was used in this study to quantitate these structures on glycoproteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Normal rodent tissues and cell lines were used to standardize the experimental conditions required to quantitate beta 1-6-branched oligosaccharide structures and the glycosyltransferase activity which initiates the synthesis of the antenna, beta 1-6 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-transferase V (EC 2.4.1.155). Secondly, the levels of L-PHA-reactive oligosaccharide were compared in a series of benign and malignant human breast biopsies. Normal human breast tissue and benign lesions showed low expression but 50% of the primary malignancies examined showed significantly elevated L-PHA reactivity. GlcNAc transferase V activities in the human breast carcinomas and in normal murine tissues correlated with the levels of L-PHA reactive oligosaccharide in the tissues. GlcNAc transferase V showed similar ranges of activities, differing by approximately 5-fold between high and low expressing mouse tissues; fibroblasts with and without an activated H-ras oncogene; and low and high expressing human breast carcinomas. The results show that beta 1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides is dependent on tissue-specific regulation of GlcNAc transferase V activity. Secondly, a subset of human breast malignancies showed elevated levels of beta 1-6-branched oligosaccharides compared to benign samples, suggesting that further studies are warranted to determine whether the presence of these oligosaccharides is associated with metastatic disease and reduced patient survival time.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Religious experience and psychoanalysis: from man-as-god to man-with-god.

The author notes that the Freudian psychoanalytic view of religion has become a saturated concept that causes psychoanalysts to disregard the complexity of the religious experience. Issue is taken with the reductionism inherent in the conception of religion as mere illusion and the image of God as being derived solely from the oedipal father. After a presentation of the ideas of some later authors and discussion of the transition from the state of 'Man-as-God' to the relationship of 'Man-with-God' as portrayed in a film, two clinical vignettes are given to illustrate this process of humanisation. The author suggests that religious manifestations in patients should be seen not only in the light of their infantile determinants but also as the result of processes whereby new meaning is assigned to psychic facts. In his opinion, psychoanalysis should not seek solely to reduce religious beliefs to their roots in unconscious fantasies but should lead to a reorganisation of the analysand's image of God and the assignment of new meaning to it. The resulting changes are shown as contributing to psychic growth on the part of both analysand and analyst. The author contends that if psychoanalysis dismisses religion as illusion, it is running the risk of itself becoming an established religion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A fertile man with tdic(Y;22): how a stable neo-X1X2Y sex-determining mechanism could evolve in man.

We describe a normal man with the karyotype: 45,X,dic(Y;22)(Ypter----Yq11.23::22p11.2----22qter+ ++). A brother and father of the propositus also had 45 chromosomes with the same dic(Y;22). Carriers of this chromosome are of normal phenotype, and the carrier of reproductive age had apparently normal fertility. A neo-X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex-determining mechanism can be considered to be operating in this family.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed2004

Mistaken diagnosis of psychogenic gait disorder in a man with status cataplecticus ("limp man syndrome").

We report on a 45-year-old man with a history of multiple psychiatric admissions for a gait disorder and episodic weakness thought to be psychogenic who was subsequently diagnosed with status cataplecticus due to narcolepsy. The gait difficulties resolved with venlafaxine. This case demonstrates that status cataplecticus can be misdiagnosed as a psychogenic gait disorder.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leishmania infecting man and wild animals in Saudi Arabia. 5. Diversity of parasites causing visceral leishmaniasis in man and dogs in the south-west.

Kala-azar (VL), mainly affecting infants and young children, is being increasingly reported in the south-west of Saudi Arabia, 305 cases being diagnosed in 1988. Most cases arise in scattered locations in the foothills west of the Asir mountains at altitudes between about 500 and 1000 m, although case clusters are apparent in some villages. Some cases also occur between the foothills and the Red Sea coast. The incidence in the south-west was calculated to be of the order of 6 to 8/10,000 population per year, but a random serological survey using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and direct agglutination techniques indicated a seropositivity rate of about 3.7% in 706 apparently healthy children. Most patients are Saudi or Yemeni and cases are being increasingly identified also in the Yemen Arab Republic. In the foothills of both countries the causative organism is Leishmania donovani s.l. zymodeme LON-42, which also occurs on the eastern littoral of Ethiopia. By isoenzyme electrophoresis, it is readily separated from L. infantum, which has been identified in feral dogs, the 2 organisms being sympatric. The infection was found in 6.7% of 89 dogs, but their seropositivity rate was 19.3%. Although L. infantum has not yet been recognized in man in Saudi Arabia, it has been identified in a child in the coastal plain of the Yemen Arab Republic. Further research needed to provide a rational basis for control is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Manganese retention in man: a method for estimating manganese absorption in man.

Whole-body retention of 54Mn was studied in man by measurements in a sensitive whole-body counter after intake of an extrinsically labeled infant formula. Reproducible retention figures at day 10 were observed after repeated administrations to six subjects; 2.3 +/- 1.1, 3.3 +/- 3.1, and 2.4 +/- 1.4% (means +/- SD) for three separate occasions. Interindividual variation of manganese retention after intake of the same labeled diet was, however, shown to be substantial. Retention at day 10 was 2.9 +/- 1.8% (means +/- SD) and varied from 0.6 to 9.2% when measured in 14 healthy subjects. Large interindividual variations in rate of excretion were observed. The retention measurements for days 10-30, however, could be closely fitted to a single exponential function for each individual. The results regarding intraindividual and interindividual variation in Mn retention indicate that factors influencing Mn absorption can be identified only by repeated administrations using each subject as his/her own control.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type IV: deficiency of dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase.

Type IV of the carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndromes (CDGS) is characterized by microcephaly, severe epilepsy, minimal psychomotor development and partial deficiency of sialic acids in serum glycoproteins. Here we show that the molecular defect in the index patient is a missense mutation in the gene encoding the mannosyltransferase that transfers mannose from dolichyl-phosphate mannose on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) intermediate Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol. The defect results in the accumulation of the LLO intermediate and, due to its leaky nature, a residual formation of full-length LLOs. N-glycosylation is abnormal because of the transfer of truncated oligosaccharides in addition to that of full-length oligosaccharides and because of the incomplete utilization of N-glycosylation sites. The mannosyltransferase is the structural and functional orthologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ALG3 gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗