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Results for “MAGNESIUM OXIDE”

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PubMed2000

Magnesium oxide augmentation of verapamil maintenance therapy in mania.

The authors compared the antimanic effects of a verapamil-magnesium oxide (V-M) combination with a verapamil-placebo combination (V-P) in patients pretreated with verapamil. BPRS scores and serum magnesium levels were compared. The V-M combination was found to be significantly more effective than V-P in reducing manic symptoms (P=0.015). Serum magnesium levels were significantly higher in the V-M group (P<0.04). These data suggest that magnesium may increase antimanic efficacy of verapamil by mechanisms which may operate at the intracellular level. The magnesium-verapamil combination may have clinical application as an adjunct to verapamil in the maintenance therapy of mania.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of cisapride with magnesium oxide in chronic pediatric constipation.

Functional constipation in children is a common problem in daily practice, however there is currently no accepted optimal treatment of choice. This study investigated the effect of cisapride in the treatment of pediatric constipation when combined with magnesium oxide (MgO). This prospective study enrolled children with chronic constipation. They were randomly assigned to either MgO (125 mg three times a day for patients weighing less than 20 kg or 250 mg three times a day for those weighing more than 20 kg), or cisapride 0.2 mg/kg (max 5mg/dose) plus MgO for 4 weeks. Twenty-one doctors in 19 major medical centers or hospitals in Taiwan with well- established pediatric departments participated in this study from October 1999 to March 2000. 84 children (51 males, 33 females, 1-7 years of age) with fewer than 2 spontaneous bowel movements per week for at least one month completed the study. After 1 week of therapy, a good response, defined as 3 or more bowel movements per week, was achieved in 30 (68.2%) of children treated with cisapride and MgO compared with 23 (57.5%) children treated with MgO alone (p=n.s.). At the end of the 4-week treatment period, 90.9% of the children in cisapride group compared with 67.5% of the children in MgO group achieved a good response (p=0.013). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the side effects and stool characteristics. In conclusion, it appears that cisapride in combination with MgO may have a synergistic effect and improves the frequency of stool passage in pediatric functional constipation.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pyrophosphate levels and magnesium oxide therapy in osteogenesis imperfecta.

Serum pyrophosphate levels were determined in 52 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. In 19 patients the levels were increased, in 14 normal and in 19 fluctuated. No correlation with disease severity was evident. By a double blind study it was shown that neither the administration of oral magnesium oxide, nor placebo, affected the serum pyrophosphate level or the clinical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A case of the milk-alkali syndrome with a small amount of milk and magnesium oxide ingestion--the contribution of sustained metabolic alkalosis induced by hypertonic dehydration].

We described a patient with the milk-alkali syndrome induced by the ingestion of small amount of milk (200 ml/day) and ice cream (145 g/day) and the administration of small dose of absorbable alkali (magnesium oxide 2.0 g/day) for the treatment of chronic constipation. The present case shows not only triads, i.e., hypercalcemia (s-Ca 14.3 mg/dl), metabolic alkalosis (s-HCO3- 37.4 mEq/L), and renal insufficiency (s-Cre 2.3 mg/dl) but also hypernatremia (s-Na 161 mEq/L) and hypertonic dehydration after the frequent episodes of elevated body temperature. The milk-alkali syndrome has been defined as the hypercalcemia with a metabolic alkalosis from a high amount of calcium intake and long term administration of absorbable alkali in any form, usually as calcium carbonate for the treatment of peptic ulcer. As the present case could be distinguished from any other cases previously reported with regard to the amount of calcium (0.4 g/day) and alkali (36 mEq/day) intake and the clinical situations that induced the syndrome, we compared the present case with the previous reports, calculating the amount of calcium and alkali intake from milk and absorbable alkali. After the introduction of the H2 blockers for peptic ulceration, the most cases with milk-alkali syndrome had provoked by the smaller amount of calcium than previously reported, which were associated with the treatment of relatively large amount of alkali (50-150 mEq/day), suggesting the role of sustained metabolic alkalosis for the development. In the present case the metabolic alkalosis induced by hypertonic dehydration and enhanced by absorbable alkali intake also could cause an increase of renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and a decrease of ionized calcium which might produce increased secretion of parathyroid hormone followed by vitamin D3 activation and increased Ca absorption from the gut. The metabolic alkalosis might be essential to the development of the milk-alkali syndrome without a high calcium and absorbable alkali intake.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Effects of calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide and sodium citrate bicarbonate health supplements on the urinary risk factors for kidney stone formation.

We describe a model to illustrate different chemical interactions that can occur in urine following ingestion of individual and combined health supplements. Two types of interactions are defined: synergism and addition. The model was applied to eight healthy males who participated in a study to investigate the chemical interactions between calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide and sodium citrate-bicarbonate health supplements on calcium oxalate urinary stone risk factors. Subjects ingested these components individually and in combination for 7 days. Twenty-four-hour urines were collected at baseline and during the final day of supplementation. These were analysed using standard laboratory techniques. Three different chemical interactions, all involving citrate, were identified: magnesium and citrate exerted a synergistic effect on lowering the relative superaturation (RS) of brushite; the same two components produced a synergistic effect on raising pH; finally, calcium and citrate exerted an additive effect on lowering the RS of uric acid. We propose that the novel approach described in this paper allows for the evaluation of individual, additive and synergistic interactions in the assessment of the efficacy of stone-risk reducing preparations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Influence of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide on digestion and metabolism in yearling beef steers abruptly changed from high forage to high energy diets.

Eight rumen-cannulated steers (initial wt 330kg) were adapted to a mixed alfalfa-grass hay diet for 30 d and abruptly changed to complete mixed diets of corn silage, snapped ear corn and a corn-based supplement to determine the effects of buffers on diet adaptation, digestion and ruminal metabolism. The diets contained: 1) no buffer, 2) .5% magnesium oxide (MgO), 3) 1.0% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and 4) .5% MgO and 1.0% NaHCO3, as a percentage of diet dry matter (DM). Digestion, metabolism and ruminal characteristics were measured in each of 2 wk immediately after the diet change. The animals were then adapted to the mixed alfalfa-grass hay diet, re-randomized and assigned to the four diets, thus four steers consumed each diet. Intakes and digestibilities of DM were generally greater for the diets containing buffers. The most notable differences were a greater DM intake with added NaHCO3 and an improved DM digestibility with added MgO. The higher DM digestibility with MgO was apparently related to improved neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch digestion. Fecal pH was significantly increased with MgO addition. Because of the greater intake and digestibilities, the amount of DM, NDF, and starch digested tended to be greater for the buffered diets. There were no diet X week interactions for intake and digestibilities, thus the responses observed existed during both wk 1 and 2 after the change in diets. In general, intake and digestibilities were greater in wk 2 than in wk 1 for all diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Which surface properties enhance bone response to implants? Comparison of oxidized magnesium, TiUnite, and Osseotite implant surfaces.

PURPOSE: This study compared the speed and strength of osseointegration and osteoconductivity between an oxidized experimental magnesium (Mg) implant, an oxidized commercially available TiUnite implant, and a dual acid-etched surface Osseotite implant. The aim was to investigate which surface properties enhance bone response to implants, and thereby to test a biochemical bonding theory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 screw implants (20 of each design) were inserted through 1 cortex into the tibiae of 10 rabbits. Surface chemistry, oxide thickness, morphology, crystal structure, and surface roughness were evaluated. After healing times of 3 and 6 weeks, all bone implants were unscrewed with removal torque (RTQ) devices, and the bone specimens were subjected to histomorphometry. RESULTS: RTQ values for Mg, TiUnite, and Osseotite implants were 27.1, 21.3, and 15.4 Ncm, with new bone formation values of 29%, 18%, and 15%, respectively, at 3 weeks. At 6 weeks the RTQ values were 37.5, 36.4, and 21.5 Ncm, with new bone formation values of 39%, 31%, and 26%, respectively. DISCUSSION: Mg implants demonstrated significantly greater RTQ values (P = .008 and P = .0001) and more new bone formation (P = .031 and P = .030) than Osseotite at 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. Mg implants also showed higher RTQ values at 3 weeks and new bone formation at 6 weeks than TiUnite, but neither were significant (P > .05). TiUnite showed significantly higher RTQ values than Osseotite at 6 weeks (P = .001), but was not significant at 3 weeks (P > .05). Osseointegration rate (deltaRTQ/deltaweeks) was significantly faster for Mg (P = .011) and TiUnite (P = .001) implants between 3 and 6 weeks of healing time, but was not significant for Osseotite. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that surface chemistry facilitated more rapid and stronger osseointegration of the Mg implants despite their minimal roughness compared to the moderately roughened TiUnite. This suggests potential advantages of Mg implants for reducing high implant failure rates in the early postimplantation stage and in compromised bone, making it possible to shorten bone healing time from surgery to functional loading, and enhancing the possibility of immediate/early loading.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Properties of molten magnesium oxide.

The Significant Structure Theory of Liquids has been used to calculate the thermodynamic properties, viscosity, self-diffusion coefficient, and specific conductance of molten magnesium oxide, taking account of the decomposition of MgO to Mg and O(2) species in the gas-like part of the partition function.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Solution kinetics of magnesium oxide containing granules produced by laboratory scale fluidization].

In practice of manufacturing industrial pharmaceutical products, the technique of fluidization has been used extensively in the past decades. The authors studied the magnesium oxide-containing granulates made by fluidization granulation in laboratory, to optimize the process, to determine the neutralization kinetic parameters of granulates, to establish the connections between the method of granulation and the release of active substances. According to our findings, the pharmaceutical product's characteristics in the aspects of physics, chemistry, stability and bioavailability may remarkably change without fixing the border conditions of parameters within limits.

Kinetics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioavailability of magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide in patients with ileal resection.

BACKGROUND: Patients who have undergone ileal resection are at risk for developing magnesium depletion/deficiency because of poor absorption and decreased intake as well as increased endogenous losses. Magnesium repletion is difficult to accomplish because of the cathartic action of most oral magnesium supplements at therapeutic doses. The results of in vitro and in situ studies show that magnesium diglycinate (chelate) represents a highly available form of magnesium that is absorbed in part as an intact dipeptide in the proximal small intestine. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized crossover trial with 12 patients who had ileal resections in order to compare the bioavailability of a 100-mg dose of 26Mg-labeled chelate with MgO in this patient population. RESULTS: For the patient group as a whole, 26Mg absorption was low but was not different for the two supplements (23.5% vs 22.8% for magnesium chelate and MgO, respectively). However, 26Mg absorption was substantially greater from the chelate (23.5% vs 11.8%; p < .05) in the four patients who showed the greatest impairment of magnesium absorption with MgO and was better tolerated by all patients. Peak isotope enrichment also occurred significantly earlier after 26Mg chelate than after 26MgO ingestion (mean difference 3.2 +/- 1.3 hours; p < .05), and the area under the enrichment vs time curve was greater after chelate ingestion (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Data from this study support the suggestion that some portion of magnesium diglycinate is absorbed intact, probably via a dipeptide transport pathway. Magnesium diglycinate may be a good alternative to commonly used magnesium supplements in patients with intestinal resection.

Administration, Oral↗