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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Lymphography and percutaneous fine needle node aspiration biopsy in the staging of bladder carcinoma.

We studied 56 patients with infiltrating bladder tumor by pedal lymphography and percutaneous fine needle node aspiration biopsy on an outpatient basis. Of 54 evaluable patients 35 (65 per cent) had a positive lymphangiogram. Adequate material for biopsy was obtained in 81 per cent of the patients. Of 15 patients with normal lymphography none had a positive aspiration, whereas 11 (32 per cent) of those with a positive lymphangiogram had a positive biopsy. The high rate of positive lymphography with negative biopsy is attributed to inflammatory changes due to previous transurethral resection of the tumor. Radical cystectomy was done in 38 patients. There were 28 negative aspirations that correlated with 21 negative lymphadenectomies and 4 positive aspirations that correlated with 4 positive lymphadenectomies. There was no mortality and morbidity was mild. Lymphography with fine needle percutaneous node aspiration biopsy has a role in the preoperative staging of bladder carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

The value of sonography and lymphography in the detection of retroperitoneal metastases in testicular tumors.

Lymphography has led to falsely negative or falsely positive diagnoses in 10 to 45 per cent of the cases of testicular tumor metastases reported in the literature. In our comparative study of lymphography and sonography in the preoperative staging of 29 malignant testicular tumors lymphography was accurate in 58.5 per cent of the cases, while sonography had an accuracy rate of 82.5 per cent. Sonography was superior to lymphography in the evaluation of hilar lymph node metastases and their extent, as well as for routine checkups after lymphadenectomy or irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

T1-weighted MR-lymphography after intramammary administration of Gadomer-17 in pigs.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the enhancement of regional lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels after intramammary injection of Gadomer-17. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1-weighted MR-lymphography was performed in 8 domestic pigs after intramammary injection of 5 - 10 micromol/kg bodyweight (bw) Gadomer-17 on a 1.5 T-MR scanner. T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo images were acquired 10 to 120 minutes after contrast material injection in coronal and sagittal planes. The contrast enhancement of the draining lymphatic system was qualitatively assessed by two radiologists applying a three grade scale. RESULTS: T1-Weighted MR-lymphography after intramammary injection of Gadomer-17 was feasible in each pig. A dose of 5 micromol/kg body weight Gadomer-17 was best suited for MR-lymphography of the mammary line and the draining lymphatic system. Enhancement of regional lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels was classified as good in 5, and excellent in three cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intramammary injection of Gadomer-17 allows for good quality T1-weighted MR-lymphography of mammary gland draining regional lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels. This new technique might offer potential for the evaluation of the sentinel lymph node in patients with breast cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The dermal lymphatics in lymphoedema visualized by indirect lymphography.

Iotasul, a new water-soluble contrast medium, is very suitable for subepidermal infusion (indirect lymphography) for the demonstration of small (initial) dermal lymphatics in the macro-range (precollectors). By this method normal lymph vessels can be demonstrated in the healthy skin of hands and feet which are so fine that they cannot be punctured for direct lymphography. We studied thirty-eight patients with various forms of lymphoedema by indirect lymphography. In patients with congenital lymphoedema (particularly Milroy's disease) the initial dermal lymphatics in the lymphoedematous region were absent but large lymph collectors were present. Hyperplasia of dermal lymphatics in the form of an extremely fine net was seen in most patients with lymphoedema praecox and tardum. In some forms of primary lymphoedema the defect may be in the initial dermal lymphatics. In secondary lymphoedema, the changes in the peripheral lymphatics (mainly distension and congestion) are apparently a consequence of the primary lesion in the lymph nodes and large collectors. Indirect lymphography might be useful for the early diagnosis of mild lymphoedema and for excluding patients with hypoplasia of initial lymph vessels from surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Breast sentinel lymph node mapping at CT lymphography with iopamidol: preliminary experience.

PURPOSE: To evaluate sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with interstitial computed tomographic (CT) lymphography with small volumes of iopamidol for direction of SLN biopsy in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin-section transverse and three-dimensional CT images that included the breast and axilla were acquired at multi-detector row helical CT in 17 patients with operable breast cancer before subcutaneous injection of 2 mL of undiluted iopamidol into peritumoral and periareolar areas and 1-5 minutes after massage of injection sites. Location and size of SLNs were assessed at CT lymphography and were compared with SLNs at standard axillary lymph node dissection with blue dye staining. RESULTS: CT lymphography allowed localization of SLNs in all patients by means of visualization of a direct connection between an SLN and its afferent lymphatic vessels draining from the injection sites. Afferent vessels were joined and drained into a single axillary SLN, except in four patients with two or three SLNs, including a parasternal one. SLNs did not enhance because of rerouting of lymph flow in four patients. At surgery, SLNs that were stained or not stained with blue dye were easily found with CT lymphographic guidance. Tumoral infiltration was not evident in any resected nodes, except for infiltration in one patient with micrometastasis in SLN alone and infiltration in four patients with massive metastasis in both SLN and distant nodes. CONCLUSION: Because preoperative CT lymphography-guided SLN mapping provides SLN position with detailed lymphatic anatomy, it may be useful for the direction of breast SLN biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Lymphatic drainage from esophagogastric tract: feasibility of endoscopic CT lymphography for direct visualization of pathways.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of an endoscopic computed tomographic (CT) lymphography technique with submucosal injection of iopamidol for direct visualization of lymphatic drainage pathways in dogs and in patients with operable esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With institutional animal committee approval, a total of 2 mL of undiluted iopamidol was injected into the esophageal (n = 6) or gastric (n = 3) submucosa in nine dogs by using a flexible endoscope. Multi-detector row CT images (section thickness, 1.25 mm) were obtained before contrast material injection and during the 10 minutes after injection. The animals were euthanized so that their lymphatic anatomy could be examined. With ethical committee approval and patient informed consent, nine patients with esophageal cancer also underwent CT lymphography with peritumoral injection of 2 mL of iopamidol, followed by esophagectomy and regional lymph node dissection with CT lymphographic guidance. The histopathologic features of dissected nodes, including sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), were examined. RESULTS: CT lymphography depicted the direct connection of lymphatic drainage vessels with enhanced and/or unenhanced nodes (ie, SLNs) as early as within 5 minutes after contrast material injection in all subjects. All 13 SLNs in dogs (1.4 nodes per animal) and 18 SLNs in patients (two nodes per patient) were found and dissected at the correct location by using CT lymphographic guidance. In patients, histopathologic examination revealed the high predictive value of CT lymphographic-guided SLN biopsy: Only one of the preoperatively identified SLNs in three patients and both SLNs and adjacent nodes in two patients were positive for metastasis; all resected nodes in the remaining four patients were negative. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic CT lymphography is a feasible method for visualizing the direct connection between and the accurate anatomic location of SLNs and lymphatic drainage vessels.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of lymphography and aspiration cytology in the staging of prostatic carcinoma. Report of 35 cases with histological control and review of the literature.

Accurate staging of prostatic carcinoma is essential in determining the prognosis and establishing the most adequate therapy of the disease. Lymphography is the most widely used method in staging prostatic carcinoma but shows false-positive rates varying up to 58% and false-negative rates varying from 11 to 66%. Aspiration biopsy was proposed to enhance the reliability of lymphography. In our study we performed transcutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pelvic nodal chains in 35 patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma using a long-beveled side-holed modified Chiba needle. 124 nodal chains were punctured and malignant cells were found in 26 aspiration biopsies of 15 patients. In determining the true stage of the disease, aspiration cytology and lymphography showed accuracy of 91 versus 57%; sensitivity of 83 versus 67% and specificity of 100 versus 47%, respectively. Positive cytologic findings are conclusive for stage D disease, while negative cytology may be accepted as definitive only when the neoplasm is well differentiated or the Gleason sum is 2-3-4. Combined use of lymphography and aspiration cytology permits surgical staging to be limited to those patients with undifferentiated neoplasm, intermediate or high Gleason sum (5-10) and negative cytology.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1996

Bipedal lymphography in the management of carcinoma of the anal canal.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes evident on bipedal lymphography in a group of patients under consideration for combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy as definitive treatment for carcinoma of the anal canal. Lymphography was attempted in 32 patients and successful bilateral cannulation and opacification of nodes was achieved in 28 (88%). Seven patients had lymphographic evidence of external iliac node metastases (25%). When patients were categorized according to the extent of clinically evident disease at presentation, 0/15 patients with T1/T2 tumours had positive lymphograms whereas 7/13 patients with T3/T4 tumours and/or positive inguinal or peri-rectal nodes had positive lymphograms (Fisher's exact test p = 0.0015). All patients with a positive lymphogram had undergone CT scanning of the pelvis and in only one patient was external iliac node involvement detected. In none of these patients was visceral or more extensive nodal metastases discovered. Subsequently, the external iliac nodes with radiological evidence of metastases on lymphography were included in the treatment volume taken to radical dosage. The projected cause specific actuarial 5 year survival for this cohort of patients is 86% (median follow-up 4 years). Since the prognosis for patients who relapse in pelvic nodes is poor, bipedal lymphography is advocated as a staging procedure in patients with advanced primary tumours and in all patients with clinically positive inguinal or peri-rectal lymph nodes who are being considered for curative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Value of CT and lymphography: distinguishing retroperitoneal metastases from nonseminomatous testicular tumors.

Sixty-three consecutive patients with nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma were prospectively examined for paraaortic metastases before undergoing a staging laparotomy with lymphadenectomies or biopsies. Fifty patients had computed tomographic examinations and paraaortic metastases were correctly predicted in 25 of the 38 patients (sensitivity 66%) with paraaortic tumor. In the 56 patients having the study, lymphography was more accurate as 34 of the 44 patients with metastases (sensitivity 77%) were identified. Using inferior vena cavography in 55 patients, only 24 of 41 patients with metastatic tumor (sensitivity 59%) were diagnoses. All three methods had specificities of 100% in those patients who were free of paraaortic metastases. Overall accuracies were 74% for computed tomography, 82% for lymphography, and 69% for inferior vena cava cavography. Although lymphography was the most accurate method for nonbulky tumor, computed tomography was most useful for defining the extent of bulk disease. Inferior vena cavography did not contribute any new information and was responsible for one false-positive result which was explained by computed tomography. A combination of lymphography followed by computed tomography provided the most accurate assessment of paraaortic metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A clinical evaluation of lymphography in bladder tumor].

A study was conducted in a total of 51 patients with urinary bladder tumor who had received surgical operation associated with removal of regional lymph nodes after lymphography. Abnormal findings were observed in lymphogram of 22 patients. The other 29 patients showed no such abnormality. After the operation pathological metastasis was confirmed in 7 patients. Lymphograms of these patients ith positive lymphatic metastasis revealed filling defects in 85.7% and collaterals in 57.4%. There as correlation between the occurrences of these two findings based on quantification analysis III of multivariate analysis. Lymphography before operation showed 87.5% of sensitivity, 65.1% of specificity and accuracy of 68.6%, not having higher accuracy compared to other studies. These results suggest that lymphography, which may have clinical significance, is not a decisive method in exploration of bladder tumor. Comprehensive analysis of diagnostic imaging should be performed, including CT after lymphography.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Indirect lymphography with Isovist-300 in various forms of lymphedema.

Twenty patients with various forms of lymphedema were studied by indirect lymphography. Isovist, a new non-ionic, water-soluble, dimeric contrast media, was used for intradermal infusion. Simultaneous indirect lymphography showed characteristic patterns of lymphatics. The initial lymphatics were visualized by intradermal infusion of the newly developed isovist. However, they were not opacified with direct lymphography unless in the presence of valvular insufficiency. No systemic side-effects were observed except for a feeling of discomfort at the injection site. The results showed that indirect lymphography with intradermal infusion of Isovist is useful for demonstrating dermal lymph vessels and for the diagnosis of lymphedema.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Indirect lymphography of the thyroid gland. 2].

Indirect lymphography of the thyroid gland was performed in 144 patients. A conclusion was drawn that the use of superfluid oil contrast preparations of lipidol, miodyl type etc. in indirect lymphography of the thyroid gland will permit to obtain the exhaustive information on the state of the endocrine organ and regional lymph nodes. Lymphography with the aid of oil contrast preparation iodolipol diluted with ether and heated to the body temperature is less informative; water-soluble contrast agents were less effective. All the test contrast agents proved to be ineffective for detection of changes in the lymph nodes. Use of iodolipol for lymphography of the thyroid gland without preliminary mixture with ether is not recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The role of tumour markers and lymphography in determining clinical stage of non-seminomatous testis tumours.

Findings established by means of tumour markers examination and lymphography were compared with histological findings in retroperitoneal lymph nodes removed during lymphadenectomy. Overall accuracy of tumour markers was 70.1%, sensitivity was 71.4% and specificity was 67.9%. Overall accuracy of lymphography was 79.4%, sensitivity was 80.7% and specificity was 77.5%. Combined results of tumour markers and lymphography showed overall accuracy 73.1%, sensitivity 93% and specificity 37.5%. Since neither the results of tumour markers examination, nor lymphography are sufficiently sensitive in order to determine exactly the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy must be considered in the present for a method which is not only of therapeutic, but also of diagnostic and prognostic importance.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1989

Diagnostic value of lymphography in cervical cancer stage Ib.

The value of lymphography in the diagnosis of lymph node metastases was investigated in 89 patients with stage Ib cervical carcinoma. All patients underwent radical hysterectomy. The lymphography (radiological diagnosis) was compared with the histopathological examination of the corresponding lymph nodes. The positive predictive value of the lymphography was 13% and that of the negative predictive value 98%. It is concluded that lymphography is not reliable for the diagnosis of lymph node metastases in cervical cancer stage Ib.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphography and computed tomography in lymph node metastases from malignant melanoma.

Contrast lymphography and regional computed tomography (CT) were performed prior to lymph node dissection in 49 patients with clinical suggestion of lymph node metastases from malignant melanoma. The overall specificity and sensitivity for lymphography was 62% and 70%, respectively, and for CT 83% and 70%, respectively. There was 67% concordance of the radiologic reports. The combined modality sensitivity and specificity were 79% and 84%, respectively. Clinical lymph node examination was poor in accurately diagnosing lymph node involvement with melanoma (42% true positive, 58% false positive). Lymphography produced too many false negative and false positive reports to be of value in detecting lymph node metastases on its own. CT was slightly superior to lymphography in correctly predicting the lymph node status of the upper extremity. The present clinical and radiologic techniques would seem to be inadequate for detecting lymph node metastases in malignant melanoma.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lymphography in the clinical picture of lymphedema].

The value of lymphography in the clinical treatment of lymphatic edemas is examined. Since its invention by Hernani Monteiro, lymphography has not enjoyed the same success as clinical phlebography, which has benefited from anatomical and physiological knowledge and has clarified several problems. Great gaps still exist in our knowledge of the anatomy, physiology and physiopathology of the lymphatic system, and this explains the limited development of lymphography so far, and the difficulty of interpreting and characterizing cases of lymphatic stasis. This situation has also hindered the development of logical and effective therapies. We believe that new techniques should be developed for use in lymphography, as was necessary in phlebography.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lymphography and percutaneous fine needle node aspiration biopsy in the staging of bladder carcinoma.

Forty-two patients with infiltrating bladder tumor were submitted to pedal lymphography with percutaneous fine needle node aspiration biopsy on an out patient basis. Of 41 evaluable patients, 59% had a positive lymphangiogram. Adequate material was obtained in 81% of the patients. Of 12 patients with a normal lymphography, none had a positive aspiration whereas 40% of the positive lymphangiograms correlated with a positive aspiration. The high rate of positive lymphangiogram negative aspirate is attributed to inflammatory changes due to previous TUR of the tumor. Twenty-one patients were submitted to radical cystectomy: 12 negative aspirations correlated with 11 negative lymphadenectomies, and 4 positive aspirations with 4 positive lymphadenectomies. There was no mortality and only mild morbidity in this series. Lymphography with fine needle percutaneous node aspiration biopsy has a role in the pre-operative staging of bladder carcinoma. Positive pelvic wall lymph nodes upgrade bladder carcinoma from a local to a systemic disease that is no longer amenable to any form of local treatment. Nodal assessment is therefore critical to treatment planning in order to spare the N+ patients unnecessary radical surgery. Pelvic lymph nodes have been evaluated, in the past, radiologically by bipedal lymphography or C.A.T. scanning. The high false positive and negative rates of these procedures (Benson et al., 1981; Boccon-Gibod et al., 1982) preclude their routine use (Correa 1982; Walsh et al., 1980).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1984

[Indirect radionuclide lymphography using In-113m in patients with uterine cancer].

Indirect lower lymphography with 113m In-coind was performed in 112 patients with uterine cancer. Its diagnostic informative value, as was shown by the results of morphological verification, was 73 +/- 1.2%. In the interpretation of the scintigraphic image of the lymph nodes a small number of false negative results (8.6%) was noted. Comparison of the results of direct radiopaque lymphography with those of a morphological study of the lymph nodes in 42 patients brought about coincidence in 75% of the observed cases. Identical results of radionuclide lymphography and chromolymphography were observed in 92.1% of the cases. The analysis has shown that scintigraphy of the lymph nodes with 113m In-coind and radiopaque lymphography are almost identical by their informative value.

Adult↗