SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Linolenic Acids”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Linolenic acid deficiency.

Linolenic acid deficiency has not been demonstrated clearly in warm blooded animals, yet circumstantial evidence suggests that n-3 fatty acids may have functions in these animals. The fact that several species of fish definitely require dietary n-3 fatty acids indicates that n-3 fatty acids have important and specific functions in these animals and suggests that such functions may also be present in warm blooded animals. It is also true that n-3 fatty acid distribution in tissues of birds and mammals appears to be under strict metabolic control, and that this complex metabolic control mechanism apparently has survived evolutionary pressure for a very long time. So far, attempts to produce linolenic acid deficiency in mammals have not revealed an absolute requirement for n-3 fatty acids. If functions for n-3 fatty acids do exist in warm blooded animals, it seems probable that they may be located in the cerebral cortex or in the retina, because these tissues normally contain high concentrations of n-3 fatty acids.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Isomerization increases the postprandial oxidation of linoleic acid but not alpha-linolenic acid in men.

Human lipid intake contains various amounts of trans fatty acids. Refined vegetable and frying oils, rich in linoleic acid and/or alpha-linolenic acid, are the main dietary sources of trans-18:2 and trans-18:3 fatty acids. The aim of the present study was to compare the oxidation of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and their major trans isomers in human volunteers. For that purpose, TG, each containing two molecules of [1-(13)C]linoleic acid, alpha-[1-(13)C]linolenic acid, [1-(13)C]-9cis,12trans-18:2, or [1-(13)C]-9cis,12cis,15trans-18:3, were synthesized. Eight healthy young men ingested labeled TG mixed with 30 g of olive oil. Total CO(2) production and (13)CO(2) excretion were determined over 48 h. The pattern of oxidation was similar for the four fatty acids, with a peak at 8 h and a return to baseline at 24 h. Cumulative oxidation over 8 h of linoleic acid, 9cis,12trans-18:2, alpha-linolenic acid, and 9cis,12cis,15trans-18:3 were, respectively, 14.0 +/- 4.1%, 24.7 +/- 6.7%, 23.6 +/- 3.3%, and 23.4 +/- 3.7% of the oral load, showing that isomerization increases the postprandial oxidation of linoleic acid but not alpha-linolenic acid in men.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Effect of formula supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid on fatty acid status and visual acuity in term infants.

BACKGROUND: Docosahexaenoic acid is present in high concentration in retina and does not influence visual development in preterm infants. It is still under discussion whether docosahexaenoic acid is important for visual development in term infants. METHODS: Thirty-seven infants fed formula for a median of 14 days were randomized at median age of 25 days to three formulas: a) DHAGF: 0.3 wt% docosahexaenoic acid and 0.5 wt% gamma-linolenic acid; b) DHAF 0.3 wt% docosahexaenoic acid; or c) STF: standard formula without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and 17 breast-fed infants were observed, using blood samples and anthropometric measurements from 1 to 4 months of age. At 4 months, visual acuity was measured by swept steady-state visual evoked potential. A cross-sectional study on 25 breast-fed infants was carried out as a reference group for the analyses. RESULTS: Infants fed the two docosahexaenoic acid-supplemented formula had relative docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in red blood cell phospholipids almost as high as those in breast-fed infants, whereas infants in the standard formula group had significantly lower levels. The addition of gamma-linolenic acid to the formula had a positive effect on red blood cell arachidonic acid levels, compared with levels obtained using fish oil only. Visual acuity was significantly different among all feeding groups (analysis of variance; p = 0.05, means +/- standard deviation: breast-fed, 0.37+/-0.06 logMAR; DHAF and DHAGF combined, 0.40+/-0.07 logMAR; and standard formula 0.44+/-0.07 logMAR. However, there was no statistical difference among the formula groups. In a multiple regression analysis including all formula-fed infants, weight at delivery (p = 0.002), but not type of formula, was significantly associated with visual acuity at 4 months of age. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of docosahexaenoic acid resulted in concentrations in red blood cells at similar levels as those in breast-fed infants, whereas the increase in visual acuity did not reach significance. The addition of gamma-linolenic acid resulted in higher arachidonic acid concentrations in red blood cells.

Anthropometry↗

PubMed1986

Uric acid protects membranes and linolenic acid from ozone-induced oxidation.

Aqueous preparations of linolenic acid, bovine serum albumin, and bovine erythrocyte membrane fragments were bubbled with ozone in the presence or absence of uric acid. Ozonation of the membrane fragments or the bovine serum albumin did not result in protein degradation. After 15 min of ozonation, the absorbance of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive material increased by 0.34 in the linolenic acid preparation and by 0.08 in the suspension of membrane fragments. In the presence of uric acid, these changes in absorbance were reduced to 0.14 for the fatty acid and to 0.01 for the membrane fragments. This result indicates that uric acid protects lipids from ozone-induced oxidation.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Dietary intake of concentrated gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)-enriched oil suppresses cutaneous level of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA): possible in vivo inhibition of microsomal elongation of GLA to DGLA.

The dietary supplementation of normal guinea-pig diet with moderate levels of vegetable oils containing gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is associated with elevation of epidermal levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-lipoxygenase product of DGLA). However, supplementation of diet with higher level (70%) of GLA (GLA-70) resulted in marked decrease of epidermal level of DGLA. This nutritional observation prompted us to investigate in vitro the effects of varying concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on rat liver microsomal chain elongation of GLA into DGLA. Our data revealed that low concentrations of GLA (less than 100 microM) are stimulatory on the chain elongation while higher concentrations (greater than 100 microM) are inhibitory. The 18-carbon linoleic acid (precursor of GLA) was also markedly inhibitory at high concentrations. Interestingly, the longer chain 20-carbon n-3 PUFAs: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerted negligible effect. The results suggest that increased systemic presence of free PUFAs, such as may occur in vivo after dietary intake of high n-6 PUFA-containing vegetable oils, may explain the decreased level of DGLA in the epidermal tissue.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗

PubMed1984

Some effects of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid on the proliferation of human hepatoma cells in culture.

In previous communications the growth-suppressive effect of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) dissolved in sodium carbonate in the culture media of malignant cells has been reported. In this study we show that linoleic acid (LA), the fatty acid precursor of GLA, had no growth-suppressive effect on human hepatoma cells in culture while a similar concentration of GLA suppressed malignant cell growth in culture by 69% after 10 days. This growth-suppressive effect must therefore be seen as an effect of GLA and not as a 'soap' effect. It has also been shown that the growth rate of human hepatoma cells in culture to which GLA was added daily for 5 consecutive days remained suppressed after the withdrawal of GLA from the growth medium for a further 5-day period. The striking difference between GLA and LA as regards growth suppression of human hepatoma cells in culture appears to imply a metabolic block in the hepatoma cells, involving the enzyme delta-6-desaturase, in the conversion of LA to GLA and thence via dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid to the prostaglandins of the 1 series.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1990

Anticancer activity of free gamma-linolenic acid on AH-109A rat hepatoma cells and the effect of serum albumin on anticancer activity of gamma-linolenic acid in vitro.

The cytotoxicity of gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6) against rat hepatoma AH-109A cells and the effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on its toxicity were examined in culture. The proliferation of AH-109A cells, evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, was significantly suppressed by gamma-linolenic acid above 5 micrograms/ml concentration in serum-free culture medium. However, its toxicity was reduced by supplement of BSA. Similar observation of reduced toxicity by BSA was shown by the method of trypan blue dye exclusion and a colony formation assay. The cytotoxicity of gamma-linolenic acid was correlated closely with the concentration of unbound (free) gamma-linolenic acid. Production of thiobarbituric acid reactive material, one of the indicators of lipid peroxidation, was stimulated by gamma-linolenic acid and inhibited by BSA. These results suggested that the presence of albumin suppressed the cytotoxicity of the free fatty acid.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Effects of dietary ratio of linoleic to linolenic acid on performance, antibody production, and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in two strains of leghorn pullet chicks.

The effects of dietary ratio of linoleic acid to linolenic acid on performance, mitogenic lymphocyte proliferation, and antibody production were evaluated in Leghorn pullets during a rigorous vaccination program. Diets were supplemented with flaxseed and corn oil to achieve 4 dietary ratios of linoleic acid to linolenic acid [17:1 (control), 8:1, 4:1, or 2:1]. Each diet was fed to HyLine Brown or W-36 pullets from 1 d to 16 wk of age. Day-old pullets were randomly assigned to 8 replicate cages with 12 pullets per cage; the density was reduced to 8 pullets per cage at 11 wk of age. Dietary treatments did not affect body weight, feed consumption, or pullet mortality. At 12 wk of age, an interaction between diet and strain (P < or = 0.004) showed Hy-Line W-36 pullets fed the 2:1 ratio had greater antibody production against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine than those fed diets with higher ratios. At wk 16, pullets fed ratios of 4:1 and 2:1 had the greatest antibody production against NDV vaccine. Antibody production against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine was also increased (P < 0.04) by ratios of 4:1 (2.244 optical density; OD) or 2:1 (2.508 OD) as compared with the control diet (1.576 OD). Hy-Line Brown pullets had greater antibody production against infectious bronchitis virus vaccine compared with Hy-Line W-36 pullets at 16 wk of age. These results indicate that feeding a reduced dietary ratio of linoleic to linolenic acid by adding flaxseed to the diets enhanced antibody response to NDV and IBDV vaccines without any negative effects on pullet performance.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Ultraviolet B irradiation induces changes in the distribution and release of arachidonic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid in human keratinocytes in culture.

There is increasing evidence that derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, the eicosanoids, play an important role in the inflammatory responses of the human skin. To better understand the metabolic fate of fatty acids in the skin, the effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation (280-320 nm) on the distribution and release of 14C-labeled arachidonic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid in human keratinocytes in culture was investigated. Ultraviolet B irradiation induced the release of all three 14C-labeled fatty acids from the phospholipids, especially from phosphatidylethanolamine, and this was accompanied by increased labeling of the nonphosphorus lipids. This finding suggests that UVB induces a significant liberation of eicosanoid precursor fatty acids from cellular phospholipids, but the liberated fatty acids are largely reincorporated into the nonphosphorus lipids. In conclusion, the present study suggests that not only arachidonic acid but also dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid might be involved in the UVB irradiation-induced inflammatory reactions of human skin.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗

PubMed2003

Endothelial vasodilatory function is related to the proportions of saturated fatty acids and alpha-linolenic acid in young men, but not in women.

BACKGROUND: Fatty acid composition of serum lipids is associated with cardiovascular disease. As attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) is an early event in atherosclerosis, we investigated the relationships between endothelial vasodilatory function and the proportion of serum fatty acids, reflecting dietary fat quality, in 74 healthy men and women, aged 20-30 years. DESIGN: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV) was studied in the forearm during local administration of methacholine (2 and 4 micro g min-1) and nitroprusside (5 and 10 micro g min-1). Forearm blood flow was determined with venous occlusion plethysmography. An endothelial function index was calculated as the EDV/EIDV ratio. RESULTS: The endothelial function index was inversely related to the total proportion of saturated fatty acids (r = -0.41, P < 0.05), in particular lauric and myristic acid (r = -0.37 and r = -0.36, respectively, P < 0.05 for both), and was positively related to the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) in men only. Total serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was not significantly related to endothelial vasodilatory function. By multiple stepwise regression analysis, including age, blood pressure, body mass index, and serum cholesterol, triglyceride and NEFA as confounders, myristic acid and alpha-linolenic acid were independent predictors of the endothelial function index in men only (r = -0.39 and r = 0.47, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that serum fatty acid composition predicts endothelial vasodilatory dysfunction independently of serum NEFA and cholesterol levels in young, healthy men in their third decade of life, whereas fatty acid composition seems to be less important in women at this age. As a result of the large number of analyses performed, these findings need to be verified by other studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Determination of the optimal ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid in infant formulas.

The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte total lipids taken from a group of term infants 10 weeks after being fed a commercial infant formula with a high ratio of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) (LA) to alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) (ALA) (19:1; LA, 14%; ALA, 0.7%; group A, n = 10) was compared with the fatty acid composition of erythrocytes from infants fed formulas that contained LA/ALA ratios reduced by either increasing ALA (4:1; LA, 13%; ALA, 3.3%; group B, n = 11) or decreasing LA (3:1; LA, 3.5%; ALA, 1.1%; group C, n = 8). Results were compared with those in an age-controlled group (n = 9) of breast-fed infants. Decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased n-3 C20 and C22 fatty acid incorporation (formula B = 8.98% +/- 0.65%; formula C = 9.30% +/- 0.95%) relative to formula A (5.97% +/- 0.76%; p less than 0.05). Although docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (DHA) incorporation was highest in infants fed formulas B and C (4.78% +/- 0.45% and 4.48% +/- 0.49%, respectively) relative to formula A (3.47% +/- 0.46%; p less than 0.05), it did not reach levels found in breast-fed infants (6.55% +/- 1.23%; p less than 0.05). In addition, levels of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) (AA) were lower in all formula-fed groups (p less than 0.05) relative to those in breast-fed infants. Based on some equations, it is predicted that AA levels in tissues of infants fed lower LA/ALA ratios would be reduced even further. Because both AA and DHA are probably essential for normal neural development of the infant, formulas with LA/ALA ratios below 4:1 are likely to result in fatty acid profiles notably different from those of breast-fed infants.

Arachidonic Acid↗

PubMed1989

[Nature, origin and role of fatty acids of the nervous system: an essential fatty acid, an alpha-linolenic acid, changing the structure and the cerebral function].

Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are synthetized in cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Their mechanisms of synthesis and fate are different according to the organelle. For some of them, a nutritional origin is not excluded. Minimum dietary linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid to ensure normal brain structure and function are respectively 2.4% and 0.4% of the calories. Alpha-linolenic acid deficiency alters membrane composition and fluidity, changes the fluidizing effect of ethanol, reduces some enzymatic activities (ATP ase, 5' nucleotidase), diminishes the efficiency of the blood-brain barrier, affects electroretinogram, reduces learning capacities and makes the animals more fragile in the presence of neurotoxins. Very long polyunsaturated chains, which could be the essential fatty acids for the brain, must be considered at the level of nutrition, pharmacology and toxicology (alteration of structures and peroxidations).

Animals↗

PubMed1976

The action of insulin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated acids of alpha-linolenic acid family in HTC cells.

Incubation of HTC cells (7288 C) with 114C-alpha-linolenic acid in Swim's 77 medium during 24 hours converted the fatty acid to octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid, eicosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid, eicosa-8,11,14,17-tetraenoic acid, eicosa-5,11,14,17-tetraenoic acid, eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid and unsaturated acids of 22 carbons. The existence of two pathways was recognized: one initiated by a delta6-desaturation and the other by an elongation of alpha-linolenic acid. Incubation of the cells with insulin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP modified both pathways in different ways. HTC cells were sensitive to insulin which enhanced the desaturating route increasing eicosapentaenoic acid synthesis and depressed the elongating route decreasing eicosatrienoic acid. In an opposite way, dibutyryl cyclic AMP decreased eicosapentaenoic acid synthesis and increased eicosatrienoic acid.

Bucladesine↗

PubMed2003

Production of novel tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids from alpha-linolenic acid by Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2.

Previously, it was reported that a newly isolated microbial culture, Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2, produced trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acids, diepxoy bicyclic fatty acids, and tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids (THFAs) from linoleic acid (C. T. Hou, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:1359-1362, 1996; C. T. Hou and R. J. Forman III, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24:275-276, 2000; C. T. Hou, H. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 75:1483-1487, 1998; C. T. Hou, H. W. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:1167-1169, 2001). In this study, we found that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 produced novel THFAs, including 13,16-dihydroxy-12-THFA, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (13,16-dihydroxy-THFA), and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-12, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA), from alpha-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid). The chemical structures of these products were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and proton and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The optimum incubation temperature was 30 degrees C for production of both hydroxy-THFAs. 13,16-Dihydroxy-THFA was detected after 2 days of incubation, and the concentration reached 45 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation; 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was not detected after 2 days of incubation, but the concentration reached 9 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation. The total yield of both 13,16-dihydroxy-THFA and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was 67% (wt/wt) after 7 days of incubation at 30 degrees C and 200 rpm. In previous studies, it was reported that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 oxidized the C-7, C-12, C-13, C-16, and C-17 positions of linoleic acid (n-6) into hydroxy groups. In this case, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is saturated. In alpha-linolenic acid (n-3), however, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is unsaturated. It seems that enzymes of strain ALA2 oxidized the C-12-C-13 and C-16-C-17 double bonds into dihydroxy groups first and then converted them to hydroxy-THFAs.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed1977

Involvement of cytochrome b5 in the oxidative desaturation of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid in rat liver microsomes.

The effects of antibodies against microsomal electron-transport components on the in vitro activity of delta6-desaturation of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid have been studied in intact microsomal membranes of rat liver. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (0.87 mM) served as electron donors, and effectively prompted the delta6-desaturase activities with yields of about 1.1 to 1.3 nmol per mg of protein in 10 min. Of the two antibodies studied under the same in vitro conditions, i.e., rabbit antisera preparations against rat liver microsomal hydrophilic parts of cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, only the antibody against cytochrome b5 demonstrated a marked ability to inhibit the delta6-desaturase activity. This evidence supports a participation of cytochrome b5 in the delta6-desaturation of linoleic acid and suggests a pathway analogous to the delta9-desaturation of stearyl-CoA.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Antithrombotic activity of a symmetrical triglyceride with eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid in guinea pig mesenteric microvasculature.

The antithrombotic effect of a synthetic symmetrical triglyceride having eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at positions 1 and 3, and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) at position 2 was investigated. Administration of the triglyceride significantly increased thrombus formation time and thrombotic occlusion time induced by light irradiation and a fluorescent dye in guinea pigs after 14 days administration compared to that of soybean oil. The antithrombotic effect of the triglyceride was similar to that of EPA ethyl ester. Administration of the triglyceride increased GLA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and EPA contents in plasma and the liver, and the ratio of DGLA to arachidonic acid. These results might be responsible for this antithrombotic effect.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗

PubMed1995

Diets rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid affect phospholipid fatty acid composition and production of prostaglandins E1, E2 and E3 in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a species deficient in delta 5 fatty acid desaturase.

Duplicate groups of juvenile turbot, (Scophthalmus maximus), were fed diets containing either Marinol K (MO), a marine fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5, n-3) or borage oil (BO), rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3, n-6), for a period of 12 weeks. Individual phospholipid fatty acid compositions from hearts of fish fed BO had significantly more 18:2, n-6, GLA, 20:2, n-6, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGLA; 20:3, n-6) and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but significantly less arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4, n-6), compared to fish fed MO. In both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from heart, the DHGLA was increased by over 50-fold in fish fed BO while AA was reduced by over two-thirds, compared to fish fed MO. In brain, EPA was the major C20 PUFA, i.e. potential eicosanoid precursor in all phospholipids from fish fed MO, with the EPA level being twice that of AA in brain phosphatidylinositol (PI). DHGLA was the major C20 PUFA in all phospholipid classes from fish fed BO. In kidney and gill, EPA was the predominant C20 PUFA in all phospholipid classes, except PI, in fish fed MO. In kidney of fish fed BO, DHGLA was the major C20 PUFA in all phospholipid classes, except PE. In gill of fish fed BO, DHGLA was the major C20 PUFA in all phospholipid classes, including PI, where DHGLA was over 2.5-fold greater than AA. In homogenates of heart, kidney and gill from BO-fed fish the prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) concentration was significantly increased compared to MO-fed fish. In heart and kidney homogenates from fish fed MO the PGE3 concentration was significantly increased compared to fish fed BO. The ratio of PGE2/PGE1 was significantly reduced in brain, heart, kidney and gill homogenates from fish fed BO compared to those fed MO.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗

PubMed1986

Effects of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid intake on platelet functions in elderly people.

Sixteen old subjects were given daily dietary supplement of lg of linoleic acid and lg of gamma-linolenic acid (primerose oil) or 2g of linoleic acid (sunflower oil) for periods of two months. Haemostatic parameters, platelet aggregation, exogenous and endogenous arachidonic acid metabolism were investigated before and after the intake. Diets did not induce any significant change in haemostatic parameters (bleeding time, levels of anti-thrombin III, plasminogen and plasma beta-TG and PF4). Platelet rich plasma aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid were significantly reduced after linoleic acid (18:2n-6) intake. In contrast, gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) supplement did not alter aggregation. However, thromboxane B2 formation (under stimulation) and vitamin E level in platelets (but not in plasma) were decreased after 18:3n-6 as compared to 18:2n-6 intake. The mechanism of thromboxane B2 decrease is unclear. Nevertheless, we may speculate that beneficial effect of this decrease could be counterbalanced by the decreased platelet vitamin E. We conclude that intake of 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-6 does not affect much platelet functions in elderly people.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗