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PubMedDate not supplied

Comprehensive survey of chemical libraries yielding enzyme inhibitors, receptor agonists and antagonists, and other biologically active agents: 1992 through 1997.

This review is a historical accounting of chemical libraries from which biologically active agents have been obtained. The comprehensive tabulation includes citations as early as 1992, when the first descriptions of biologically active libraries were disclosed, and continues through 1997. Four tables are provided listing libraries screened against (1) proteolytic enzymes, (2) non-proteolytic enzymes, (3) G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and (4) other targets not classified in the first three tables (e.g. non-GPCRs, integrins, antiinfectives). A name, generic structure, and size is provided for each library citation, accompanied by the molecular screen and the structure and potency of the most active library member. In total, 86 libraries are presented with 60% of the contributions reported from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Approximately 70% of the libraries have used alpha-amino acid synthons in their construction and 85% of the libraries include one or more amide bonds.

Drug Evaluation, Preclinical↗
PubMed1995

The CIC library: a large insert YAC library for genome mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A new Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) genomic library has been constructed in Yeast Artificial Chromosomes: the CIC library (for CEPH, INRA and CNRS). Optimization of plant culture conditions and protoplast preparation allowed the recovery of large amounts of viable protoplasts. Mechanical shearing of DNA was minimized by isolation of DNA from protoplasts embedded in agarose. Cloning of large inserts was favored by including two successive size fractionation steps (after partial EcoRI digestion and after ligation with the vector arms), which selected DNA fragments larger than 350 kb. The library consists of 1152 clones with an average insert size of 420 kb. Clones carrying chloroplast DNA and various nuclear repeated sequences have been identified. Twenty-one per cent of the clones are found to contain chloroplast DNA. Therefore, the library represents around four nuclear genome equivalents. The clones containing 5S rDNA genes, 18S-25S rDNA sequences and the 180 bp paracentromeric repeated element account for 3.6%, 8.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Only one clone was found to carry the 160 bp paracentromeric repeated element. Given the smaller size of clones carrying Arabidopsis repeated DNA, the average size of remaining clones is around 480 kb. The library was screened by PCR amplification using pairs of primers corresponding to sequences dispersed in the genome. Seventy out of 76 pairs of primers identified from one to seven YAC clones. Thus at least 92% of the genome is represented in the CIC library. The survey of the library for clones containing unlinked DNA sequences indicates that the proportion of chimeric clones is lower than 10%.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1996

Information and research needs of acute-care clinical nurses.

The majority of nurses surveyed used the library on a regular but limited basis to obtain information needed in caring for or making decisions about their patients. A minority indicated that the libraries in their own institutions totally met their information needs. In fact, only 4% depended on the library to stay abreast of new information and developments in the field. Many of the nurses had their own journal subscriptions, which could account in part for the limited use of libraries and the popularity of the professional journal as the key information source. This finding correlates with the research of Binger and Huntsman, who found that 95% of staff development educators relied on professional journal literature to keep up with current information in the field, and only 45% regularly monitored indexing-and-abstracting services. The present study also revealed that nurses seek information from colleagues more than from any other source, supporting the findings of Corcoran-Perry and Graves. Further research is necessary to clarify why nurses use libraries on a limited basis. It appears, as Bunyan and Lutz contend, that a more aggressive approach to marketing the library to nurses is needed. Further research should include an assessment of how the library can meet the information needs of nurses for both research and patient care. Options to be considered include offering library orientation sessions for new staff nurses, providing current-awareness services by circulating photocopied table-of-contents pages, sending out reviews of new monographs, inviting nurses to submit search requests on a topic, scheduling seminars and workshops that teach CD-ROM and online search strategies, and providing information about electronic databases covering topics related to nursing. Information on databases may be particularly important in light of the present study's finding that databases available in CD-ROM format are consulted very little. Nursing education programs should be expanded to include curricula bibliographic sessions where the librarian, in cooperation with the teaching faculty, visits the classroom to explain all pertinent information sources or invites the class to the library for hands-on demonstration and practice. Nurses who gain working knowledge of the tools that open the doors to retrieval of research findings and who have information about new innovations in medicine and medical technology have superior chances for success in their chosen profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Salary survey of the Medical Library Group of Southern California and Arizona.

The 1982 salary survey of the Medical Library Group of Southern California and Arizona (MLGSCA) indicates that 211 health sciences librarians in Southern California and Arizona earned a mean annual salary of $20,910 for 1982. Data analysis shows a positive correlation between salary and educational level. Other factors found to affect salary were job history, number of positions held, MLA certification, and professional responsibility. Age, gender, and MLA certification did not have a consistent positive correlation with salary. Results indicate that the salaries of hospital librarians are, on the average, roughly comparable to those of academic librarians in Southern California and Arizona.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

A survey of health sciences libraries in hospitals: implications for the 1990s.

In response to an expressed need for comprehensive data on health sciences libraries in hospitals, the American Hospital Association (AHA) conducted a survey of all U.S. registered hospitals in 1990. The response rate was 57%. Results showed that 2,167 hospitals (31.6% of all U.S. registered hospitals) had on-site libraries that met four definitional criteria. Survey results also indicated that hospitals use diverse resources and approaches to provide information services to a wide array of health care providers and consumers. These baseline data, combined with an assessment of key environmental factors affecting hospitals, can provide guidance to hospital libraries as they face the challenges of the 1990s. The AHA has added the health sciences library to services tracked in its annual survey of hospitals; additional research opportunities in this area remain.

American Hospital Association↗
PubMed1995

Preparing for Post-Registration Education and Practice (PREP): the support role of the library.

A survey of 5% of trained nursing staff in the Plymouth area provided indications of the impact of changes in post-registration education and practice on the library service of the Tor & South West College of Health in Plymouth. The survey comprised, first, a structured interview to obtain details of professional development plans and preferences, number of courses attended recently, learning styles, use made of ward/unit resources (particularly journals) and optimum periods for library opening. The second part of the survey was a vignette information problem. The responses (written by the participants) provided an indication of information-seeking skills and perceptions of various information sources, both formal (publications) and informal (colleagues and organizations). Analysis indicated that the most popular method of learning was attending a study day, and the most popular combination of learning styles was study day combined with further reading. Reading or journals was selective. Most staff would have to rely on a library for journal literature, particularly the new journals. One third of the sample appeared lacking in information-seeking skills. One third appeared confident in information-seeking skills, and this group was associated with the use of more than two sources of information and use of a library. No single library in Plymouth would be adequate for the sources of information required, indicating the need for better networking and/or integration.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1984

Collection development policies and practices in medical school rare book libraries.

A survey of collection development policies and practices in medical school rare book libraries indicated that only 20% had documented criteria for collection development. The advantages of preparing and maintaining a formal written collection development policy are presented with guidelines for formulating such a policy.

Book Collecting↗