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New library buildings. Part VII. The Health Sciences Library of the University of Virginia.

This article describes the new Health Sciences Library at the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesville, Virginia. The library was under construction for about two years and opened in August 1975. It comprises an area of 66,250 sq. ft. gross, almost 44,000 sq. ft. net, and provides space for approximately 190,000 volumes, 500 readers, and a staff of 35. The cost of construction was $2,350,000, plus approximately $400,000 for furnishings and equipment. A portion of the library is located on a bridge spanning a four-lane highway. Special features include a 6,000 net sq. ft. audiovisual information center, Elecompack (TM) motorized shelves for little-used materials, and a closed-circuit television surveillance system.

Facility Design and Construction

New library buildings. Part VIII. The Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois at the Medical Center, Chicago.

The new Library of the Health Sciences at the University of Illinois at the Medical Center is described and illustrated. The building was under construction for thirteen months, using phased construction techniques, and opened in October 1973. The library is a self-contained and physically independent building consisting of three levels above ground and one lower level, comprising an area of 130,000 sq. ft. gross and 88,000 sq. ft. net. The building provides space for 350,000 volumes, 1,037 readers, and a staff of 100. The cost of construction was $5,140,500 plus $858,500 for furnishings and equipment. Among the special features are a twenty-four-hour multimedia services department and a full-circulating style book detection system. Included in the article is an evaluation of the library after two years of occupancy.

Chicago

The regional medical library and the hospital library.

A description of the origin of the Regional Medical Program is given and of regional service activities. Among the topics discussed are interlibrary loans, MEDLARS searches, orientation of librarians and library users, including workshops and the library Core collection, and the evaluation of needs for biomedical information in the regions.

Information Services

PCR-based cDNA library construction: general cDNA libraries at the level of a few cells.

A procedure for the construction of general cDNA libraries is described which is based on the amplification of total cDNA in vitro. The first cDNA strand is synthesized from total RNA using an oligo(dT)-containing primer. After oligo(dG) tailing the total cDNA is amplified by PCR using two primers complementary to oligo(dA) and oligo(dG) ends of the cDNA. For insertion of the cDNA into a vector a controlled trimming of the 3' ends of the cDNA by Klenow enzyme was used. Starting from 10 J558L micron3 myeloma cells, total cDNA was synthesized and amplified approximately 10(5) fold. A library containing 10(6) clones was established from 1/6 of the amplified cDNA. Screening of the library with probes for three genes expressed in these cells revealed a number of corresponding clones in each case. The longest obtained clones contained inserts of 1.5 kb length. No sequences originating from carriers or from rRNA was found in 14 randomly picked clones.

Cloning, Molecular

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. IV. Physical characteristics of the acquisitions-cataloging record.

Acquisitions-Cataloging records stored on magnetic tape by the Washington University School of Medicine Library were examined to determine frequency and average length of record components and their alphabetization requirements in a book catalog. Data from this study of 4,708 records will be used in adaptation of the Library's computer-based cataloging system to greater machine capabilities. The first of these two papers compares measurements found for WUSML records with those reported in studies of conventional catalog cards. The number of sorting positions used to alphabetize entries and causes of sort failure are examined in the second paper (Number V) which will be found on page 71 of this issue of the BULLETIN.

Cataloging

Automation of internal library operations in academic health sciences libraries: a state of the art report.

A survey of automated records management in the United States and Canada was developed to identify existing on-line library systems and technical expertise. Follow-up interviews were conducted with ten libraries. Tables compare the features and availability of four main frame and four minicomputer systems. Results showed: a trend toward vendor-supplied systems; little coordination of efforts among schools; current system developments generally on a universitywide basis; and the importance of having the cooperation of campus computer facilities to the success of automation efforts.

Automation

Descriptive cataloging of serials: the National Library of Medicine versus the Library of Congress.

Descriptive cataloging practices for serial differ significantly in some respects between the Library of Congress and the National Library of Medicine. This paper compares some of these differences and indicates the impact they can have on the development of on-line cooperative data bases such as OCLC. Attention is also given to the possible impact of the second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules on serials cataloging. The need for standardization is stressed.

Cataloging

Planning for meaningful change in libraries and library networks: a first step.

The Program Planning Model (PPM) is a planning and management tool that facilitates development and acceptance of significant programs. PPM assists program planning by systematically involving consumer or user groups in the development and review of new programs. While user participitation is important throughout PPM, this involvement is especially important during the problem exploration phase, when the problems or needs of these users are surveyed. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT), a variation of the "brainstorming" process, is a structured but flexible group process used in the problem exploration phase to generate a high number of useful responses concerning problem areas. NGT ensures maximum contribution of ideas by all participtants. NGT and its application in the planning and management efforts of several libraries and library networks are described in detail.

Group Processes

The Galter Health Sciences Library at Northwestern University: a library for the 21st century.

Initiated to increase space, renovation planning for Northwestern University's Galter Health Sciences Library evolved into a process for developing a more technology-centered library. Design focused on correcting structural problems and providing greater access to technology. Space was redesigned for functionality and flexibility. Design features included a new entrance, relocated and expanded learning resource center; certain limitations remained. The planning process involved all major groups on campus; construction will be phased.

Facility Design and Construction

[Construction of libraries of structural genes (cDNA) and "jumping" gene libraries in lambda vectors].

Main approaches and methods used for constructing "jamping" and cDNA libraries, including novel ones, that omit the employment of methylases and linkers, are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of the well-known and new lambda vectors, suitable for the purposes mentioned, are discussed. Special attention is paid to diphasmids lambda ZAP, lambda SK12, lambda SK15, that combine features of lambda and M13 phages and of plasmids. The convenience and difficulties of "jumping" libraries for physical mapping of chromosomes are briefly considered.

Bacteriophage lambda

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. VI. Selective dissemination of information.

As part of Washington University School of Medicine Library's continuing use of computers in the library, a selective dissemination of information system was tested. The project was to evaluate the system in relation to its serving the needs of a specialized medical research group. Both the manual and computer operations of the system are described. After three months of operation, the results, including relevancy, effectiveness, and existing needs, are discussed and analyzed; modifications are suggested to improve the present system.

Electronic Data Processing

New library buildings: the University of Michigan Medical Library and Learning Resource Center.

The University of Michigan opened a new medical library in July 1980. The five-story structure combines the library with a learning-resources center. Overall, the building has operated smoothly and has been well accepted. The combining of two facilities designed to support the teaching and learning objectives of the health sciences curriculum will ensure long-term cooperation between them.

Audiovisual Aids

Health sciences libraries in the United States: II. Medical school libraries, 1960-1980.

Surveys of medical school libraries made over a twenty-year period (1960-61 through 1980-81) were analyzed. As indicated by growth in both number and support, medical school libraries have evolved from a period of stability through expansive growth and subsequent leveling off. Expenditures and resource development have been affected by historical developments, especially recent massive federal and state aid to medical education.

Libraries, Medical

User support for a library-managed online database search service: the BMA Library free MEDLINE service.

This paper discusses user support in the context of a library-managed online database search service. Experience is drawn from the British Medical Association (BMA) Library's Free MEDLINE Service. More than 9,600 BMA members, who are largely unfamiliar with computer communications and database searching, have registered as users of the service. User support has played a significant role in the development of the service and has comprised four main aspects: an information pack, a help desk, online help, and MEDLINE courses. The paper includes an analysis of help desk usage statistics collected from January 1996 through June 1996, and highlights other relevant research. Plans for further service enhancements and their implications in terms of future user support are discussed.

Computer User Training

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library: XV. A study of the interaction of nonlibrarian searchers with the MEDLINE retrieval system.

The MEDLINE searchhes of sixteen nonlibrarian searchers at the School of Medicine Library, Washington University, were examined to determine the amount of utilization of the interactive capabilities of the system. The searchers made an average of 5.7 search statement modifications of their original searc statements and it was concluded that they did indeed use the interactive capabilities of MEDLINE.

Information Systems