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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with meningococcal infection: laboratory diagnosis and prognostic factors.

In 36 patients with meningococcal infection a close association between the laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and unfavourable prognostic factors was established. Patients with platelet count lessthan 100000/microliter, Normotest lessthan 50% and plasma fibrinogen concentration less than 100 mg/dl had a serious prognosis. No significant differences could be extablished between patients with infection from serogroup A and B meningococci for either laboratory evidence of DIC or prognostic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Invasive fungal infection--laboratory diagnosis and antifungal treatment.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become increasingly prevalent in the recent decade along with the increasing populations of immunocompromised patients and widespread use of the broad-spectrum antibiotics. The morbidity and the mortality of IFIs remain high while the diagnosis and treatment of IFIs are highly challenging. Recent advances in diagnostic methods and antifungal agents provide the potential to improve the outcomes of these infections. Conventional diagnostic methods including microbiological cultures and histopathological diagnosis have the disadvantages of either insensitivity or requiring invasive procedures. The innovative techniques of detecting circulating fungal antigens and detecting fungal genomic DNA represent improvements in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Several antifungal agents have been developed in recent years, such as lipid formulations of amphotericin B, newer azoles, and echinocandins. These agents have either lower toxicities or greater activities against certain fungi compared with older treatments. With the availability of diverse antifungal agents, their use in combination has the potential to produce additive or synergistic effects, leading to better treatment outcomes. Large-scale randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of combination strategies.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1999

Epidemiological features of parainfluenza virus infections: laboratory surveillance in England and Wales, 1975-1997.

Hospital laboratory reports of parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections from England and Wales between 1975 and 1997 were analysed with regard to PIV type and seasonality, and in addition, those between 1985 1997 with regard to age, sex and clinical features. Laboratory-based surveillance data highlight striking differences in the seasonality of different PIV types. PIV-3 reports demonstrated a clear annual epidemic cycle, with a peak usually occurring in late spring or summer, whereas peaks of PIV-1 and PIV-2 occurred at one or two year intervals, in the late autumn or early winter. PIV-4 also occurred most frequently in the late autumn or early winter, but a clear epidemic cycle could not be identified. Laboratory surveillance data also provide insight into the age and disease distribution of PIV infection in children and indicate severity of PIV infection in immunosuppressed adults. Of 8221 PIV reports received between 1985-1997, PIV-3 accounted for 70.8%, PIV-1 for 17.2%, PIV-2 for 7.5%, and PIV-4 for 1.1%; 64.1% of reports came from infants under one year, 24.4% from children aged 1-4 years and 7.2% from individuals aged 5 years or older, with an excess of males in all age groups. Bronchiolitis, croup and pneumonia occurred in association with all PIV types. In children under 1 year, PIV-2 infections were more likely to be associated with bronchiolitis than infections with other PIV types. In children under 15 years, croup was more frequently associated with PIV-1 and PIV-2 than with PIV-3 or PIV-4. In 392 (7.2%) of the reported PIV infections between 1989 and 1997 an underlying condition was implicated, which included immunosuppression or chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease. Considerable morbidity is associated with PIV infections in infants and young children and would make the widescale use of a vaccine a valuable public health intervention. Surveillance information is essential to guide the development and use of preventive measures as well as to monitor their effectiveness.

Adolescent↗