Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LITHIUM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ibuprofen can increase serum lithium level in lithium-treated patients.

The interaction between lithium and ibuprofen was studied in nine male patients admitted to the geropsychiatric ward of a veterans administration medical center. The patients, diagnosed as having bipolar affective disorder or schizoaffective disorder, who had been kept on a steady-state lithium level, received lithium for 3 days, then lithium and ibuprofen (1800 mg/day) for 6 days, and then lithium for 5 days. Ibuprofen increased the serum lithium level and decreased the lithium clearance with marked interindividual variations. These findings indicate that lithium dosage may need to be reduced in some patients following initiation of ibuprofen therapy. There was no significant correlation between changes in lithium serum level and creatinine clearance. The possibility that a tubular renal prostaglandin system may affect lithium excretion needs further investigation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Lithium Information Center: The Lithium Library revisited.

The Lithium Information Center's experience over the past 7 years is discussed. The center is a computer-based reference service which specializes in dissemination of information about the medical uses of lithium. At the heart of the center is the Lithium Library, a bibliographic retrieval system containing references to the lithium literature. More than 5,000 requests for literature searches and patient information have been answered by Lithium Library staff members since 1977. The center has recently expanded its services, creating the Lithium Index and Lithium Consultation, computerized programs that provide immediate answers to specific questions about lithium. The center's services are directed to patient care, lithium research, and medical and patient education. Because of topical specialization and use of computers, the Lithium Information Center has been able to provide more immediate, comprehensive, relevant, integrated, and up-to-date information than other bibliographic services.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMed1989

Inter-organ relation between salivary gland and kidney in lithium excretion. II. Salivary, renal and systemic clearances of lithium under continuous stimulation of salivation in water loaded dogs.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of water loading on lithium clearance in dogs under the continuous stimulation of salivation as well as to clarify the mechanism of the inter-organ relation between salivary gland and kidney in lithium excretion. Dogs were given intravenously 0.145 meq/kg of lithium chloride followed by the continuous stimulation of salivation with citric acid solution. Fifty ml of water was loaded orally 7 times at 1-h intervals. Parotid and mandibular-sublingual salivas were collected separately by means of permanent fistulae. (1) Plasma concentrations of lithium were not significantly different from either those in the experiment with continuous stimulation under no water loading or those in the control experiment without continuous stimulation. (2) Salivary clearance of lithium was markedly increased compared with that in the control experiment. The urinary flow rate, which was decreased under the continuous stimulation of salivation without water loading, was restored by the water loading. The renal clearance of lithium, which was also decreased under the continuous stimulation, remained at the reduced level under the condition of this study. Consequently, the systemic clearance of lithium did not change from that in the experiment under the continuous stimulation without water loading or that in the control experiment. (3) It was suggested that the salivary and renal excretion mechanisms of lithium might be similar to those of potassium, since a similar interrelation between salivary and renal clearances was observed for potassium. (4) It was suggested that the reduction in the renal clearance of lithium under the continuous stimulation of salivation was attributed to the sodium loss caused by the excessive salivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Lithium and psoriasis: cytokine modulation of cultured lymphocytes and psoriatic keratinocytes by lithium.

The predominant cutaneous side effect of lithium is the exacerbation or aggravation of psoriasis, but the pathogenesis is still unclear. The hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and a dense lesional infiltrate of mononuclear cells are the hallmarks of psoriatic skin lesions. Interactions between keratinocytes and T cells are thought to be one reason for an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. To investigate whether lithium influences cytokines of the "psoriatic cytokine network', we established a coculture model with keratinocytes from psoriatic patients and from healthy controls cultured with HUT 78 lymphocytes and measured the cytokine levels of Il-2, Il-6, Il-8, IFN gamma and TGF alpha in the culture supernatants after treatment with lithium. Il-6 levels were slightly elevated in the supernatants obtained from psoriatic and control keratinocyte cultures after lithium treatment, but IFN gamma and Il-2 levels were elevated only in the lithium-treated cocultures with psoriatic keratinocytes. In contrast, these two cytokines were not affected by lithium in HUT 78 monocultures or in cocultures with normal epidermal cells. We also found slightly elevated TGF alpha levels in lithium-treated psoriatic cocultures but not in control cultures. We therefore demonstrated that lithium influences the cell communication of psoriatic keratinocytes with HUT 78 lymphocytes by triggering the secretion of TGF alpha, Il-2 and, massively, IFN gamma. It seems possible that lithium also influences similar parts of the psoriatic cytokine network in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cellular lithium uptake as a probe of sodium channels in the rat heart: modulation of lithium uptake by tetrodotoxin, verapamil, anthopleurin-A, isoproterenol and external stimulation.

Since the initial rate of sodium influx by the perfused rat heart is too rapid to measure accurately, lithium was used as an analogue for sodium. 10 mM lithium was added to the perfusate, and the rate of cellular lithium uptake was found to be linear for 5 min and was equal to 1.29 +/- 0.26 mumol/5 min/g wet wt heart. The cell took up lithium ions 36% as fast as sodium ions, but after 30 min the cellular/perfusate ratio of lithium reached nine times the cellular/perfusate ratio of sodium. Lithium uptake was inhibited 43% by 1 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) (P greater than 0.05) and 47% by 1.4 microM verapamil (P less than 0.05). External stimulation abolished the inhibition by TTX. Anthopleurin-A (60 nM) stimulated TTX-sensitive lithium uptake by 118% (P less than 0.01) and stimulated verapamil-sensitive lithium uptake by 213% (P less than 0.01) but did not stimulate verapamil-sensitive manganese uptake. Anthopleurin-A also increased dP/dt by 164% (P less than 0.01). Isoproterenol (150 nM) stimulated both verapamil-sensitive lithium uptake (72%, P less than 0.01) and verapamil-sensitive manganese uptake (128%, P less than 0.01). This suggests that there are both TTX-sensitive and verapamil-sensitive sodium channels in the rat heart.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Interaction of lithium with 5-HT(1B) receptors in depressed unipolar patients treated with clomipramine and lithium versus clomipramine and placebo: preliminary results.

Lithium is commonly used in combination with antidepressant drugs as a treatment for refractory depression; less often, it is used in non-resistant depression. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of lithium with 5-HT(1B) receptors in 10 non-resistant unipolar depressed patients treated with clomipramine+lithium (C+L) vs. clomipramine+placebo (C+P). A mediation of the serotonergic system has been proposed in the literature to explain the clinical effect of lithium. Indeed, in a previous study of healthy human blood platelets, we demonstrated the interaction of lithium with adenylate cyclase activity coupled to 5-HT(1B) receptors. The functional activity of these receptors was measured by studying the inhibitory effect of L694,247, a 5-HT(1B) receptor agonist, on the adenylate cyclase activity determined by the production of cAMP. Using the same technique in the present study, we found that lithium significantly reduced the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity induced by 5-HT(1B) receptor activation. This result confirms the specific interaction of lithium with 5-HT(1B) receptors. Moreover, a correlation between the percentage of 5-HT(1B) receptor-dependent adenylate cyclase inhibition and the clinical benefit of lithium was established, suggesting 5-HT(1B) receptors may be a target for the therapeutic effect of lithium.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of lithium dilution cardiac output measurements made using central and antecubital venous injection of lithium chloride.

OBJECTIVE: We have previously described an indicator dilution technique of measuring cardiac output in which lithium chloride is injected as a bolus via a central venous catheter and cardiac output derived from the arterial lithium dilution curve recorded from a lithium-selective electrode, which we have developed for this purpose. It would be an advantage if the lithium could be injected via the basilic vein (in the antecubital fossa) in those patients who do not need central venous catheterisation for other reasons. We have therefore compared cardiac output measurements made using these two routes of lithium chloride administration. METHODS: Lithium dilution cardiac output was measured 10 times in each of 10 patients, injecting the lithium chloride alternately via the basilic or central venous catheter. RESULTS: The mean difference was 0.8 +/- 5.2% (SD) (range -8.5 to +7.0%) over a range of cardiac output of 4.5-13 l/min. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of lithium chloride via the basilic vein in the antecubital fossa allows accurate lithium dilution cardiac output measurements to be made in patients who do not have central venous catheters in place.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Hyperparathyroidism and long-term lithium therapy--a cross-sectional study and the effect of lithium withdrawal.

OBJECTIVES: To assess in patients with long-term lithium treatment the incidence and prevalence of hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism, and to evaluate the relationship between parathyroid function and renal function: also, to examine the effect of treatment discontinuation. DESIGN: Part 1. An epidemiological cross-sectional study covering defined catchment areas. Part 2. A lithium withdrawal study in a subgroup of the patients who were examined after a mean of 8.5 (4-16) weeks off lithium. Comparisons were made with a group of psychiatric non-lithium patients matched for sex and age. SETTING: Outpatient treatment at nine psychiatric departments in southern Sweden. SUBJECTS: Inclusion criterion was 15 years or more on lithium. Excluded from Part 2 were patients with a high risk of relapse. Out of 215 identified patients. 142 (66%) entered and completed Part 1, while 13 of the latter entered and completed Part 2. RESULTS: The point prevalence of persistent hypercalcaemia was 3.6% and of surgically verified hyperparathyroidism 2.7%. The observed incidence of hyperparathyroidism over 19 years was 6.3%. It was significantly higher than expected in females. In the withdrawal group serum calcium was significantly increased compared to controls, and did not change during 8.5 weeks without lithium. Isostenuria was significantly more common among patients with than without hyperparathyroidism. CONCLUSIONS: The point prevalence, and the 19-year incidence of hyperparathyroidism, were increased. The point prevalence of hypercalcaemia was also increased, and not reversible during 8.5 weeks off lithium. The findings support the hypothesis of a causal relationship between lithium treatment and hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism are sometimes aetiologically related to reduced renal function in long-term lithium patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between standardized twelve-hour serum lithium, mean serum lithium of the 24-hour day, dose regimen, and therapeutic interval. An evaluation based on pharmacokinetic simulations.

In conclusion, it may be stated that the twelve-hour serum lithium value is essentially arbitrary and can only be used as an unambiguous guide in an intraindividual context. A single SLi value which correlates strongly enough with any of the known clinical responses to lithium to be of clinical importance is as yet unknown, with the one exception that impending lithium intoxication must be regarded as so serious a condition that the interindividually ambiguous 12h-stSLi should generally be regarded as a bad omen when it reaches levels above 1.40 mmol/l. Given that the working hypothesis (that the 24-hour mean of SLi is of crucial importance for many of the clinical effects of long-term lithium treatment) is correct, and in view of interindividual variations in human lithium pharmacokinetics, it cannot be generally acceptable to lower and narrow the "therapeutic range" to, for example, 0.50-0.80 mmol/l. Correspondingly, the suggestion that the daily dose should be kept below arbitrarily chosen low lithium dosages is irrelevant; it is clear that 12h-stSLi and the daily dose should be individualized within wider parameters, with due consideration of the biological half-life of lithium in the particular patient, the desired MSLi, and the absorption rate of lithium, which mainly depends on the dissolution properties of the drug preparation. In general, no strong correlation between the 12h-stSLi and the mean SLi over the 24-hour day can be expected as far as representative groups of lithium patients are concerned.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1977

Serum concentrations of lithium after three proprietary preparations of lithium carbonate (Priadel, Phasal and Camcolit).

1 The serum lithium concentration was measured before dosing, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 22, and 24 h after three proprietary preparations of lithium carbonate (Camcolit, Phasal or Priadel). 2 A total of twenty-eight studies were performed on eleven patients. In seven studies the patients received Camcolit, in ten studies patients received Priadel and in eleven the patients took Phasal. 3 The dose of each preparation was adjusted during a 10 week run-in period to maintain the serum lithium within the normal therapeutic range (0.6-1.2 mmol/1). Five patients received one lithium preparation, one patient received three lithium preparations and five patients received four lithium preparations consecutively. 4 After a single daily dose of Phasal and Priadel, the serum lithium remained within the therapeutic range for 24 h. 5 After a single daily dose of Camcolit, the serum lithium remained within the therapeutic range for only 12 h. 6 After three doses of Camcolit (given at 0.800 h, 12.00 h, and 18.00 h) each day, the serum lithium was maintained in the therapeutic range for 24 h.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1985

Effects of acute and short-time antibiotic treatment on renal lithium elimination and serum lithium levels in the rat.

Male Wistar rats received a single stomach load (10 ml/kg) of a 150 mmol LiCl solution, either alone or together with tetracycline (33.5 mg/10 ml), ampicillin (33.5 mg/10 ml), or metronidazole (15 mg/10 ml). Urine was collected 1-5 hours after administration and blood samples were drawn after 1, 6, and 24 hours. All antibiotics caused a reduction in urinary lithium excretion but did not affect renal lithium clearance. Serum lithium levels were reduced by tetracycline and metronidazole 6 hours after administration but increased after 24 hours. Additional experiments including frequent mapping of serum lithium levels confirmed these findings. Tetracycline, also reduced renal sodium clearance and increased distal sodium reabsorption. Short-term daily treatment during one week with tetracycline or metronidazole showed that these initial changes were only transient, since after treatment for one week no differences could be observed between antibiotic-treated rats and control rats. The results indicate that antibiotics may cause a delay but no decrease of the gastrointestinal absorption of lithium and that they do not affect renal lithium clearance. Signs of lithium intoxication during combined use of lithium and antibiotics are therefore probably not caused by a renal interaction mechanism affecting the renal lithium clearance.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Lithium absorption, distribution and clearance and body temperature in rats given lithium plus haloperidol.

Renal lithium clearance, tissue lithium levels, serum lithium concentration, and body temperature were determined in rats given lithium alone or combined with haloperidol (0.5-1 mg/kg). A slight increase in serum lithium concentration occurred in one of the three groups given lithium plus haloperidol. Haloperidol failed to affect renal lithium clearance, tissue lithium levels and body temperature. The data do not support the hypothesis that haloperidol exerts an action on lithium pharmacokinetics.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lithium and neuroleptic drugs in combination - effect on lithium RBC/plasma ratio.

The lithium RBC/plasma ratio was determined in 59 patients during prophylactic lithium therapy. No relationship was found between the lithium RBC/plasma ratio and sex, age, type of illness, weight, lithium dosage, duration of treatment or lithium plasma level. However, patients taking a combination of lithium and neuroleptic drugs had significantly higher lithium RBC/plasma ratios than patients taking lithium without neuroleptic drugs. The results are in line with earlier in vitro studies and are discussed in relation to the high frequency of neurotoxic and nephrotoxic adverse effects noted in patients taking a combination of lithium and neuroleptic drugs.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1988

Supervising lithium. A comparison of a lithium clinic, psychiatric out-patient clinics, and general practice.

Supervision of lithium treatment among three groups of patients treated in different settings - at a lithium clinic, as hospital out-patients, and by a GP - was studied. The lithium clinic maintained lower levels and checked these more frequently. Elevated lithium levels were most frequent in the GP-supervised group, which also included the 13 patients with the most impaired glomerular filtration. In hospital settings GFR-impaired patients received a lower daily dose of lithium; in general practice, affected patients had a higher mean serum lithium level and were more frequently prescribed lithium once daily. We conclude that patients with glomerular impairment who require lithium should be supervised by a specialist, or at least prescribed lithium in divided daily doses.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1984

Free energy changes in denaturation of ribonuclease A by mixed denaturants. Effects of combinations of guanidine hydrochloride and one of the denaturants lithium bromide, lithium chloride, and sodium bromide.

The denaturation of ribonuclease A by guanidine hydrochloride, lithium bromide, and lithium chloride and by mixed denaturants consisting of guanidine hydrochloride and one of the denaturants lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and sodium bromide was followed by difference spectral measurements at pH 4.8 and 25 degrees C. Both components of mixed denaturant systems enhance each other's effect in unfolding the protein. The effect of lithium bromide on the midpoint of guanidine hydrochloride denaturation transition is approximately the sum of the effects of the constituent ions. For all the mixed denaturants tested, the dependence of the free energy change on denaturation is linear. The conformational free energy associated with the guanidine hydrochloride denaturation transition in water is 7.5 +/- 0.1 kcal mol-1, and it is unchanged in the presence of low concentrations of lithium bromide, lithium chloride, and sodium bromide which by themselves are not concentrated enough to unfold the protein. The conformational free energy associated with the lithium bromide denaturation transition in water is 11.7 +/- 0.3 kcal mol-1, and it is not affected by the presence of low concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride which by themselves do not disrupt the structure of native ribonuclease A.

Animals↗