Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LARYNGISMUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Esophago/pharyngo/laryngeal interrelationships: airway protection mechanisms.

This presentation is part of a parallel seminar entitled "Esophago/Pharyngo/Laryngeal Interrelationships." It reports on some of the work done to elucidate the intricate mechanisms involved in transporting food/liquid through the pharynx while simultaneously protecting the airway from aspiration. Significant species differences occur during swallowing, which influence the interpretation of experimental results. Briefly discussed in this panel presentation are the distinction between the glottic closure reflex and laryngospasm; some variations that occur in normal and disordered adult swallowing; the sequence of events during swallowing; differences in the reciprocal relationship between breathing and swallowing in adults as contrasted with infants; and laryngeal reflexes engendered by esophageal stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Spasmodic laryngeal dyspnea: a rare manifestation of laryngeal dystonia.

We describe clinical experiences in the management of three patients with laryngopharyngeal dystonia causing severe breathing problems. In contrast to spasmodic dysphonia, which presents with action-induced involuntary spasm of laryngeal muscles during speaking, all three patients showed laryngopharyngeal spasms primarily during respiration. In analogy to spasmodic dysphonia we propose the term spasmodic laryngeal dyspnea for this rare condition. Localized unilateral botulinum toxin injected into the thyroarytenoid muscle and/or ventricular folds reduced the quantity and quality of spasms and led to a pronounced improvement of breathing problems.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Effects of botulinum toxin on vocal tract steadiness in patients with spasmodic dysphonia.

Since laryngeal botulinum toxin (BTX) injections have become the treatment of choice for spasmodic dysphonia, the purpose of this study was to examine its effects on the stability of the upper vocal tract as compared to the effects on glottic stability. Two different acoustic methods were used to analyze voice samples from 16 patients with adductor-type spasmodic dysphonias before and after BTX therapy and from a normal control group. Independent acoustic analyses were used to determine laryngeal and upper vocal tract stability. The results showed significantly higher values for the standard deviation of fundamental frequency (SDF0), reflecting laryngeal instability, for the patient group than for the control group and an impressive improvement for the patients after BTX therapy. Further, the equally high values of SDF0 for the initial second and a second from the midsegment of phonation were differentially reduced by BTX therapy, resulting in a normal pattern of laryngeal stability during sustained phonation. The variability of the first and second formants, reflecting upper vocal tract instability, showed higher values for the patients compared with the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. The present findings showed that BTX injections to the thyroarytenoid muscle had no discernible effect on stability of the upper vocal tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Naloxone administration and laryngospasm followed by pulmonary edema.

A 50-year-old woman underwent laryngoscopy. Postoperatively she received naloxone and was extubated. She developed severe laryngospasm and one hour later pulmonary edema. Both naloxone administration and laryngospasm can provoke pulmonary edema; the pathophysiology is discussed. It is suggested that naloxone is administered with care to patients who in the preceding hours have had severe laryngospasm.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Infant apnea and gastroesophageal reflux.

The value of a combination of ultrasound studies and barium swallow examination in the analysis of temporal relationships between apnea and reflux is demonstrated. The two techniques allow acute apneic spells induced by gastroesophageal reflux to be documented and underlying specific digestive tract disorders demonstrated. The high incidence of digestive tract disorders in this area has been identified.

Apnea↗
PubMed1975

[Neuromuscular and phlebothrombotic clinical aspects of primary magnesium deficiency].

The symptomatology of the neuromuscular hyperexcitability due to magnesium deficit is non-specific. An analysis of its diagnostic criteria and of the etiological and physiopathological problems is made. The description of a phlebothrombosis syndrome due to primary magnesium deficit must lead to an investigation of the part played by this ionic disturbance in various thrombogenic conditions which may induce a leakage of this ion. Practical data related to the problems raised by the administration of oral magnesium therapy.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1980

Mechanical ventilation during laryngeal surgery: an evaluation of the Carden tube.

The effectiveness and safety of the Carden tube-oxygen injector system for ventilation was studied in 18 high-risk patients with obstructive airways disease during microlaryngeal surgery. Blood gas studies during operation demonstrated a mean Pao2 of 65.6 kPa (493 torr) and a mean PaCO2 of 4.5 kPa (34 torr) during mechanical ventilation. No serious complications were noted during operation. Fifty per cent of the patients had postoperative hypercapnia and in two the trachea was re-intubated. Airway maintenance and ventilation are discussed in detail and it is concluded that the Carden tube-oxygen injector system is a safe and convenient method for ventilating the lungs of patients with pulmonary disease who require microlaryngeal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Patient response to laryngeal mask insertion after induction of anaesthesia with propofol or thiopentone.

The response to insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) following either propofol 2.5 mg.kg-1 or thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1 was assessed in two groups of patients. The purpose of the study was to ascertain which of these two induction agents provided the better conditions for insertion of the LMA. Anaesthesia was induced by propofol in 35 patients and by thiopentone in 37. Following induction, ventilation was assisted for two minutes using 50% oxygen and nitrous oxide and 2% isoflurane, before insertion of the LMA. The presence of gagging, coughing, laryngospasm and movement was noted and graded. Thiopentone was associated with an adverse response in 76% of patients, compared with propofol in 26% (P < 0.01). Gagging, laryngospasm and head movement were more common using thiopentone (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05 respectively) and in 11% (P < 0.05) of the thiopentone group insertion of the LMA was impossible due to inadequate relaxation. We conclude that, using these doses, propofol is superior to thiopentone as an induction agent for insertion of the laryngeal mask airway.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of dose and concentration of rectal methohexitone for induction of anaesthesia in children.

To investigate the effect of dose and concentration of rectal methohexitone for induction of anaesthesia, 60 children (ASA physical status 1 or 2) undergoing outpatient surgery were studied. Each child was randomly assigned to receive one of three rectal solutions (each containing atropine 0.02 mg X kg-1): Group A - ten per cent methohexitone, 25 mg X kg-1 (n = 20); Group B - ten per cent methohexitone, 15 mg X kg-1 (n = 20); or Group C - one per cent methohexitone, 15 mg X kg-1 (n = 20). After induction of anaesthesia, or a maximum period of 20 minutes following rectal administration of methohexitone, halothane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen were administered by mask. The time to induction of anaesthesia, complications, postanaesthetic recovery scores, and recovery time did not differ significantly among the three groups. The incidence of failed inductions did not differ significantly between Group A (zero per cent) and Group C (ten per cent) but both were significantly less than Group B (45 per cent) (p less than 0.05). Heart rate increased significantly between 10 and 30 minutes after rectal administration of methohexitone and atropine. The authors conclude that ten per cent rectal methohexitone 25 mg X kg-1 and one per cent rectal methohexitone 15 mg X kg-1 are equally effective for induction of anaesthesia in children and both are significantly more effective than ten per cent methohexitone 15 mg X kg-1.

Anesthesia, Rectal↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of propofol versus thiopentone with midazolam or lidocaine to facilitate laryngeal mask insertion.

PURPOSE: To assess the ease of insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) comparing propofol with lidocaine or midazolam followed by thiopentone and compare the costs with each technique. METHODS: One hundred and fifty ASA 1 or 2 patients equally divided into three groups scheduled for elective surgery were recruited into this prospective, single blind, randomized, parallel groups study. Anaesthetic induction was achieved with 1 microgram.kg-1 fentanyl i.v. followed by either 2.5 mg.kg-1 propofol (group P), or a sequence of 1.5 mg.kg-1 lidocaine and 5 mg.kg-1 thiopentone (group LT), or midazolam 0.1 mg.kg-1 and, three minutes later, 5 mg.kg-1 thiopentone (group MT). The LMA was inserted by the blinded anaesthetist who assessed and graded the conditions for LMA insertion and noted any adverse responses (i.e., inadequate jaw relaxation, gagging, coughing, limb or head movement, hiccough and laryngospasm). Conditions were considered "excellent" if there were no adverse responses, and "satisfactory" if such a response was mild and transient. RESULTS: Excellent or satisfactory conditions were observed in 48 (96%) patients in the midazolam-thiopentone group, 46 (92%) in the propofol group, and 34 (68%) in the lidocaine-thiopentone group (P = 0.0001). The incidence of gagging (P = 0.042), limb movement (P = 0.031), and laryngospasm (P = 0.0001) was higher in the lidocaine-thiopentone group. CONCLUSIONS: With the above doses, a fentanyl-midazolam-thiopentone combination which is about 35% less expensive than fentanyl-propofol, provides equally good conditions for the insertion of LMA.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Single vital capacity inhalational anaesthetic induction in adults--isoflurane vs sevoflurane.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether isoflurane is as suitable as sevoflurane for the single vital capacity breath (VCB) method of inhalational induction in patients premedicated with midazolam. METHODS: A randomised, controlled, double-blind study involving 67 ASA I-II patients aged between 18-50 yr undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. All participants received premedication with 0.03 mg.kg-1 midazolam i.v. Using a primed circle absorber circuit, inhalational induction of anaesthesia was performed with the single VCB method using either isoflurane 3.5% or sevoflurane 7.5% in nitrous oxide 67% in oxygen, representing approximately equivalent MAC-multiples of 3.6 MAC. Isoflurane was compared with sevoflurane in terms of rapidity, efficacy, safety and acceptability of induction. RESULTS: With the single VCB method, sevoflurane produced a faster (45 +/- 21 vs 71 +/- 22 sec, P < 0.01), more successful (100% vs 75.8%, P < 0.01) induction of anaesthesia, with fewer induction-related complications (11.8% vs 84.8%, P < 0.01) than did isoflurane. There was also greater patient acceptability of induction with sevoflurane (76.4% vs 42.4%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In adults given midazolam premedication, isoflurane is not as suitable as sevoflurane for single VCB inhalational anaesthetic induction technique as it is associated with slower, more complicated induction and less patient acceptability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

No time to change.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

Complete upper airway obstruction during awake fibreoptic intubation in patients with unstable cervical spine fractures.

PURPOSE: To describe the presentation and management of complete upper airway obstruction with life threatening arterial oxygen desaturation that occurred during attempted awake fibreoptic intubation in two patients presenting with unstable C-spine injury. CLINICAL FEATURE: Complete upper airway obstruction occurred during awake fibreoptic intubation of two men (ASA II; 68 & 55 yr old) presenting with unstable C-spine fractures. In both cases, bag and mask ventilation with CPAP failed to relieve the progressive hypoxemia. A surgical airway was established urgently to oxygenate the two patients who were suffering progressive life-threatening oxygen desaturation. One patient had trans-cricothyroid jet ventilation performed through a 16G intravenous cannula prior to an urgent tracheostomy. In the other patient, an emergency tracheostomy was inserted. Interestingly, both patients had been sedated in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit with morphine and benzodiazepines before their scheduled surgeries. The most likely etiology for the complete upper airway obstruction was laryngospasm due to inadequate topicalization of the airway and additional sedation given in the operating room. Neither patients suffered any new neurological deficits following these events. They went on to have uneventful surgeries. CONCLUSION: This case report suggest that prior to awake fibreoptic intubation, oxygenation, adequate topicalization with testing to verify the lack of pharyngeal and laryngeal responses and careful assessment of sedation levels in the operating room are prudent for a safe endoscopic intubation.

Aged↗