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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Viral labyrinthitis: early pathology in the human.

The histologic findings in the temporal bones of three patients who died from viral encephalopathy are presented. Pathology was restricted to the scala media, vestibular labyrinth, and internal auditory canal and was considered to be expressions of viral labyrinthitis. The changes were different degrees of degeneration of the organ of Corti, early encapsulation of the tectorial membrane, degeneration of the stria vascularis, and round cell infiltration of the modiolus and contents of the internal auditory canal. A new finding in the organ of Corti and early stages of cystic degeneration of the stria vascularis are documented. In all cases, the saccule was degenerated with sloughing of the otolithic membrane and vestibular labyrinth was involved in varying degrees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Poststapedectomy dizziness. A histopathologic report.

Long-term disabling dizziness is a rare but serious postoperative complication of stapedectomy. The temporal bone collection of the Ear Research Institute in Los Angeles includes 117 bones from patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral stapes operations. Of them, nine patients (8 percent) complained of severe long-term postoperative dizziness. Histologic examination of the temporal bones revealed a pathologic condition in the peripheral vestibular system of seven patients; the remaining two patients showed normal maculae, cristae, and vestibular nerve. Pathologic conditions found were suppurative labyrinthitis in one case, endolymphatic hydrops in two cases, fibrous adhesions in the utricle in two cases, and a bone fragment in contact with the saccule in one case. An undiagnosed inferior vestibular nerve schwannoma was present in one case of unilateral stapedectomy that was followed by constant unsteadiness. Because there are many causes of poststapedectomy dizziness, a complete neurotologic evaluation is indicated in every case for a specific diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathology of neuroepithelial suprastructures of the human inner ear.

Neuroepithelial suprastructures in abnormal human inner ears were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The most common abnormality was calcification, which selectively affected the gelatinous membranes (otoconial, cupular, and tectorial) and the secretory tissues (stria vascularis and utricular dark cells). The structures most frequently affected were the otoconial membranes. The minerals involved were apatite, octacalcium phosphate, and vaterite, replacing the normal layer of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite crystals. The first two of these substances were sometimes mixed with calcite. In the saccule such abnormal otoconial deposits were usually associated with a collapsed saccular wall. Formation of abnormal otoconia is characterized as primary (no pre-existing normal calcite otoconia) or secondary (formed after the destruction of normal otoconia). Such deposits probably depend upon an abnormal composition of the endolymph, especially upon an elevated concentration of phosphate ions. It is inferred that a normal endolymphatic microhomeostasis is necessary to maintain the functional state of the neuroepithelial suprastructures.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Dizziness in childhood.

Dizziness in childhood is not an infrequent symptom. Accurate history taking and close co-operation between otologist, paediatrician and neurologist are necessary in the approach to the dizzy child. Most cases of childhood dizziness settle in time and investigations should be carefully selected; those with severe and persistent dizziness or ataxia should be thoroughly investigated including: EEG, ENG, calorics and CT scan. The conditions causing dizziness in children are discussed and are illustrated with case histories from our series of 27 children. Dizziness of unknown aetiology, serous otitis media and benign paroxysmal vertigo were the most common diagnostic labels applied to our patients. Treatment is rarely necessary but dimenhydrinate or a labyrinthine sedative in those with troublesome vertigo, or the adjustment of the medical regime in those epileptics on phenytoin, may be beneficial. Surgical intervention is only required in those with an operable lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Psychological effects of symptoms associated with labyrinthitis. a case study.

The psychological effects of postviral labyrinthitis in a patient who had been undergoing intensive psychotherapy are reported. The mildness of the physiological symptome was in contrast to the magnitude of the psychological consequences. The general psychological effects of illness on the patient are differentiated from the specific psychological correlates of vertiginous symptoms. The factors that contributed to the psychological effects and the psychological impact of these symptoms are discussed. There is a special potency to the cited effects in patients with specific personality characteristics.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between the nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity induced by gentamicin in the guinea pig.

Guinea pigs were treated with daily single subcutaneous injections of 60 mg gentamicin per kg for 3 weeks. Renal, cochlear and vestibular functions were monitored before, during and after treatment. The degree and onset of gentamicin oto- and nephrotoxocity differed during the treatment period. Alterations to the kidney functions were observed from the first week while the onset of ototoxicity occurred later, at the third and fourth week for the cochlear and vestibular functions respectively. Moreover, when treatment ended, renal function demonstrated signs of recovery, while auditory and vestibular function continued to worsen. Deficits in cochlear function and structural changes (missing outer hair cells) correlated with gentamicin serum concentrations, while vestibular alterations (loss in nystagmic reactions) did not. No distinct relationship could be established between auditory and vestibular loss and the renal parameters monitored. The results suggest that gentamicin-induced nephro- and oto-toxicity are dissociated phenomena and that cochleotoxicity was dependent on aminoglycoside serum level.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects of tobramycin in worldwide study.

Tobramycin sulphate, a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been evaluated worldwide in 3,506 patients. Drug-related adverse effects were reported by the investigators in 3.9% of the cases, and included reactions in the nervous system (ototoxicity) in 0.6% and in the kidney in 1.5%. Effects of doubtful relationship to tobramycin occurred in 6.6% of the cases. The effects were usually reversible, although infrequently altered renal or eighth-nerve function appeared to persist in some of the patients. There were no deaths or instances of renal shutdown as a result of tobramycin therapy. Therefore, under the clinical conditions in which it was evaluated, tobramycin appeared to be well tolerated. The association of toxicity with various "risk factors" is discussed.

Adult↗