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PubMed2001

Cellular distribution of napsin (kidney-derived aspartic protease-like protein, KAP) mRNA in the kidney, lung and lymphatic organs of adult and developing mice.

Kidney-derived aspartic protease-like protein (KAP), initially identified in the mouse kidney, is a novel aspartic protease exclusively expressed in the lung and spleen as well as the kidney. Its orthologues have been identified in the human and rat, and termed napsin. We performed in situ hybridization analysis to determine the cellular expression of napsin mRNA in the kidney, lung, and lymphatic organs of adult mice and to demonstrate, for the first time, its expression patterns in ontogeny. In the adult mouse kidney, extremely intense signals for napsin mRNA were observed in the proximal straight and convoluted tubules, in agreement with a previous study. The first signals for napsin mRNA during nephrogenesis occurred selectively in mesonephric tubules at embryonic day 13, and in metanephric tubules from embryonic day 14. In the lung, a distribution restricted to type II alveolar cells or their precursors was found from embryonic day 15, at the onset of type II cell differentiation, to the adult stage. In the spleen, the mRNA was expressed in lymph nodules of the white pulp and the marginal zone-namely, B-lymphocyte-rich regions from postnatal day 0 to adult. The lymph node and Peyer's patch displayed similar expression patterns, but T cell-dependent areas in these organs and the thymus lacked such signals. These findings suggest that mouse napsin possesses crucial functional roles not only in the kidney but also in the lung and lymphatic tissues, even during fetal stages.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS awareness in an Indian metropolitan slum dweller: a KAP (knowledge, attitude, practice) study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the awareness and attitude towards AIDS and PLHA in slum dwellers of Chennai, an Indian metropolis by KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice) study. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 650 subjects (400 females and 250 females), aged 15-45 years, by means of a questionnaire in the local dialect Tamil. RESULTS: The overall literacy rate was 64%, with males being 70% and females being 60% literate. 20% of males and 11% of females do not know about a disease called AIDS. Only 67% of males and 55% of females are aware of the sexual mode of transmission. 34% of males and 50% females opine that AIDS is also a hereditary disease. Also 45% of males and 62% of females feel that AIDS also spreads by air, fomites, or mosquito-bite. Only 30% of males and 22% females know about the possible symptoms of AIDS. 30% of males and 45% of females never ask for a new syringe if not provided, as they are totally unaware of its significance. 43% of males and 78% of females do not know about the risk of a barber's blade. 56% of males and 71% of females feel that AIDS can be treated at least by a traditional medicine. Lastly, 48% of males and 60% females prefer outcasting an AIDS patient from the slum. CONCLUSIONS: AIDS awareness in the slum dwellers of Chennai is very poor. Corresponding awareness in suburbs and rural areas will be much worse. Conventional IEC methods targeting general population via mass media are not reaching the slum dwellers, even in a metropolitan city. A specially designed targeted intervention is needed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

A KAP study among staff and student nurses about infection control in Theodor Bilharz Hospital.

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of staff and student nurses in Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Hospital towards simple protective measures such as: hand washing practices, recapping of syringe needles after use, and their awareness of Hepatitis B and C viruses prevention and control. A questionnaire is designed and distributed to all student nurses in the school (41 students out of 45), and to all staff nurses working in the hospital (39 nurses out of 50), with a total of 80 out of 95. Scoring system is used for data analysis. The overall scoring of KAP for the three items studied are below 80%, which means that they really need health education about these items. Thus, it is very important to create public awareness in the hospital community, and among nurses about the concept of infection control. This will be done through formal and informal instructions, by organizing regular courses and posters. It is very essential to provide safe disposal of syringe needles in special containers, have facilities for hand washing during work and apply HB vaccine for nurses working in the hospital. Meanwhile, a highly motivated behavior should be enabled and reinforced through realization of the regulatory and organizational factors for better implementation arrangement, which all supplement the educational intervention directed to change rather than just planning.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of KAP of oral hygiene measures following oral health education through existing health and educational infrastructure.

This study is a part of a larger preventive oral health feasibility module embarked on a population of 120,000 of Raipurrani, district Ambala (Haryana). The KAP analysis of about 2000 individuals (including school children) on cross-sectional basis at baseline, one and two years after the implementation of knowledge about oral health measures to the community utilizing the existing health infrastructure at CHC, the Anganwadi workers (ICDS Scheme) and through school teachers in the schools revealed that at baseline datun was the most prevalent (63%) oral hygiene measure used in the community and students. After implementation, the practice of brushing thrice, twice and once daily increased but the most prevalent frequency remained once a day (39% out of 66 percent using brush in community and 37% out of 76 percent in students after 2 and 11/2 years of implementation respectively) followed by twice a day (23 & 31% respectively). A similar pattern of frequency was observed about datun users also, though the number using datun substantially declined from 62% to 33% in community and 63 to 23% in students after implementation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative KAP study of leprosy patients and members of the community in Hlaing and Laung-Lon townships.

A KAP study was conducted in the peri-urban Hlaing and rural Laung-Lon Townships in Myanmar. It was found that both the leprosy patients as well as community members were still not sure about the cause of leprosy. Social stigma of leprosy encountered by patients needs to be addressed especially in peri-urban areas. It was also found that the patient's understanding of treatment regularity was still very unsatisfactory, for which health education measures needs to be introduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

KAP surveys and malaria control in Vietnam: findings and cautions about community research.

The malaria disease burden is increasing in many countries despite the existence of effective preventative strategies and antimalarial drugs. An understanding of community perspectives and practices is one of the essential components of a successful malaria control program. This paper reports on a KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices) survey among the Raglai ethnic minority population in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam, which in 2003 had one of the country's highest confirmed rates of malaria. We found high levels of correct knowledge about malaria's transmission and symptoms, and self-reports of adequate bed net usage and appropriate health-seeking behavior. While the survey generated useful findings, an initial, qualitative investigation (eg, observation and focus group discussions) to explore the large numbers of potential influences on behavior and exposure risk would have provided a more robust underpinning for the design of survey questions. This would have strengthened its validity and generated additional information. The adoption of rigorous, multi-disciplinary research methods offers the best chance of contributing to the development of successful malaria control programs and effective policies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study on diabetes mellitus among Nepalese diabetic patients.

Present study was carried out to understand the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) among the diabetic patients attending a diabetic education programme. Results showed that the majority of patients had correct knowledge regarding diabetic diet, three-fourths of them were subjected themselves to blood sugar checking at good intervals and almost all were under regular contact with physicians. This study might help in implementation of diabetic education programme giving more emphasis among older and younger groups of patients and encouraged the patients to have more contact with concerning physicians, so that complications that occurring at early stage of disease could be prevented.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding the management of diarrhea by pharmacists and licensed drug sellers in eastern Nepal.

Diarrhea constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Inappropriate drug prescribing is common in diarrhea, resulting in an increase in cost and adverse drug reactions. In Nepal, drug sellers often act as the first contact persons for the underprivileged. No information has been available regarding their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding diarrhea management. Using a structured questionnaire, between the 1st of January and the 31st of December 2003, 109 drug sellers in eastern Nepal were interviewed about their educational status, patient/attendant presentation at the outlet and their advice to patients/attendants. Only 2.7% of drug sellers were qualified in health education. Eighty percent of the patients/attendants sought advice from the drug sellers, only 20% presented to the outlet with prescriptions. The data reveals that about half of them were taking note of the nature of the diarrhea. Although 62 (56.8%) of them were aware of dehydration, only 2 (1.8%) of them knew all three signs of dehydration (dry tongue, non-elastic skin and sunken eyes). Sixty-six (60.5%) of them knew about oral rehydration solution (ORS), its principle and the required period of administration. About 50 to 60% of them were aware of the implications resulting from dehydration from uncontrolled diarrhea and of the importance of ORS in its management. Only 20% of the drug sellers advised ORS alone, otherwise it was dispensed along with drugs, such as antimotility agents (AMA) or metronidazole. As a result of the above findings, it is important to educate the drug sellers by conferring knowledge about the ethical aspects of drugs in the management of diarrhea.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) study regarding facts for life.

This knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) study was done in the married women of age 18-38 years in Jorpati and Gokarna village development committees of Katmandu district to evaluate the knowledge of "Facts for Life". There were 510 married women involved in this study. Altogether 28 questions were asked to each of them regarding the "Facts for Life". It includes the following five subjects: Safe motherhood, Childhood Immunization, Childhood diarrhea, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in childhood and hygiene. There was a significant increase in knowledge about hygiene and knowledge regarding childhood immunization than diarrhea, ARI and Safe motherhood. Results showed that the overall knowledge was at 62.8%. This shows that still more attention is needed to Nepalese women.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

A study of the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of a Saudi Arabian community towards the problem of brucellosis.

The present study included 337 patients, presenting to Asir Central Hospital with fever of more than two weeks duration, or symptoms associated with brucellosis but without fever. Of the 337 subjects examined for knowledge about methods and means of transmission of brucellosis, 309 (92%) were ignorant while only 28 (8%) appeared to possess some knowledge as to the source, type of animal contact and presentation of illness. None of the 337 subjects was able to link the disease with a microbial infection. The most important common practices associated with brucellosis included raw milk consumption, close animal contact and the slaughtering and disposal of wastes. Illiteracy, ignorance and faulty behaviours emphasize the importance of health education of the community, to raise the KAP standard of the full spectrum of brucellosis in the community would be valuable in its prevention and control.

Brucellosis↗
PubMed1995

[A cohort study and KAP investigation of HIV infected persons in Ruili, and other counties in Yunnan, 1994].

In 1994, an cohort study of drug users had continued in Longchuan and Luxi counties, Ruili city. The cohort study for drug users had been established since 1992 and total 522 drug users were investigated. Sixty five sera samples were collected, including 26 HIV negatives intravenous drug users in 1992 and 39 of them in 1993. The result shown that 10 sera samples are positives. Of sixty five samples tested, the rate of HIV infectious for IVDU in Ruili, Longchuan and Luxi were 25.0%, 16.3% and 0.0% respectively. Total of 46 HIV positives samples were found from 105 blood samples among the IVDU who were newly included in the cohort study in 1994. Of these samples, the rates of HIV infection in Ruili, Longchuan and Luxi were 61.8%, 38.5% and 0.0% respectively. The result of KAP investigation from 522 drug users has shown that there is a marked difference of the rate of HIV infections in the nationalities, occupations, education (P < 0.01). The main reason contributing the low rate of HIV infections in Luxi county is that the IVDU mainly are the Han nationality with higher education level, as well as travelling less to Burma.

China↗
PubMed1993

On the limited utility of KAP-style survey data in the practical epidemiology of AIDS, with reference to the AIDS epidemic in Chile.

Population surveys concerning 'risk behaviours' thought to be related to the AIDS epidemic are many. Nevertheless, unfocused inquiry into diffuse behaviours in undifferentiated populations is not productive in low-seroprevalence populations, especially when the point is to design some form of intervention that might actually avert further infection. This is because of a failure to distinguish conceptually between the relevance of AIDS-related behavioural data for individuals and for populations. An illustration is drawn from the AIDS epidemic in Santiago, Chile, and an alternative perspective, based on extensive interviews with persons with AIDS and a survey of current HIV-surveillance and blood-screening programs, is described.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗