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PubMed2001

[Cardiovascular events in people participating in jogging - results over 27 years].

The regulary participation in a jogging-group is a one possibility to do sports under professional surveillance with positive effects of the cardiovascular system. On the other side, the implications of doing sports on the risk of sudden death are debatable. The first jogging-groups were formed twenty-seven years ago in Darmstadt. There were only four serious cardiovascular events ( three deadly) in twenty-seven years. There are several groups for different trained persons, so it's possible to start at all stages of fitness. In addition there are no fees.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of self-monitored jogging on physical fitness, blood pressure and serum lipids: a controlled study in sedentary middle-aged men.

To study the effects of long-term, home-based exercise on physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged nonsmoking males, a controlled study was conducted in 61 sedentary Swiss men. Thirty-nine men were randomly allocated to jog 2 h/week for 4 months on an individually prescribed and heart-rate-controlled basis, whereas 22 men served as controls. Despite varying adherence to the exercise regimen, the 4-month net change (effect in exercise group minus effect in control group) in estimated endurance capacity was significant and positive. Net changes in arterial blood pressure, measured with a random-zero device, were nonsignificant, but after exclusion of low-normotensive men (n = 19) from analysis, a significant net effect of exercise on diastolic blood pressure was seen (-4.3 mmHg; p = .048). The following net changes in serum lipid levels occurred: HDL cholesterol + 0.12 mmol/l (p = .028), total triglycerides -0.21 mmol/l (ns), HDL-C/total cholesterol ratio +0.02 (p = .047). Exploratory analyses revealed that an increase in estimated endurance capacity was associated with a rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.49 and 0.43, respectively; p less than 0.01 both). Changes in the waist-hip ratio were directly related to the change in diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.27; p less than 0.05). Multivariable analysis indicated that much of the beneficial effect of exercise on diastolic blood pressure was apparently mediated through a decrease in body fat. This study confirms that individually prescribed jogging can reduce cardiovascular risk factors in self-selected nonsmoking males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Criteria for running (jogging) shoe tests].

Shoes for jogging are presently being tested by a great many institutes using widely divergent criteria and according to a plethora of different interests, and hence the assessments and test results may be poles apart and even contradictory. Most of the tests are based on much too short stress periods and either disregard biomechanical properties entirely or determine them via methods that must be classified as questionable. Today no manufacturer offers models one could definitely classify as excellent or deficient. A shoe for jogging may be optimal for one jogger and fatal for another. The following article sets criteria yielding two important kinds of information: on the one hand, an analysis of weak points that will help the manufacturer by telling him where he must improve his product, and on the other hand target-group oriented usage recommendations for the benefit of the consumer (jogger) that help him to find the shoe that suits him best among a never-ending conglomerate of sports shoes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Jogging causes a significant increase in platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin.

Platelet function and platelet sensitivity to PGI2 was studied before and after jogging in seven males and four females in good health. The ADP-induced (1 microM) aggregation, being always increased after physical activity, showed during the entire follow-up period of 12 months a significant decrease at rest and after exercise compared with baseline values. The change in the aggregation response was significant for t alpha at month 1 and for delta tmax at month 2 after starting the jogging. The platelet sensitivity to PGI2, being always diminished after exercise, also increased significantly during the entire follow-up period compared with baseline levels. In contrast to the ADP-induced changes, the changes in platelet sensitivity were significant already at week 2. Our findings indicate that daily physical activity causes a significant improvement in platelet function and reduces platelet activation.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed2002

Prediction of maximum oxygen consumption from walking, jogging, or running.

The purpose of this study was to develop a submaximal, 1.5-mile endurance test for college-aged students using walking, jogging, or running exercise. College students (N = 101: 52 men, 47 women), ages 18-26years, successfully completed the 1.5-mile test twice, and a maximal graded exercise test. Participants were instructed to achieve a "somewhat hard" exercise intensity (rating of perceived exertion = 13) and maintain a steady pace throughout each 1.5-mile test. Multiple linear regression generated the following prediction equation: VO2 max = 65.404 + 7.707 x gender (1 = male; 0 =female) - 0.159 x body mass (kg) - 0.843 x elapsed exercise time (min; walking, jogging orrunning). This equation shows acceptable validity (R = .86, SEE = 3.37 ml x kg(-1) min(-1)) similar to the accuracy of comparable field tests, and reliability (ICC = .93) is also comparable to similar models. The statistical shrinkage is minimal (R(press) = 0.85, SEE(press) = 3.51 ml x kg(-) x min(-1)); hence, it should provide comparable results when applied to other similar samples. A regression model (R =.90, and SEE = 2.87 ml x kg(-1) min(-1)) including exercise heart rate was also developed: VO2 max = 100.162 +/- 7.301 x gender(1 = male; 0 =female) - 0.164 x body mass (kg) - 1.273 x elapsed exercise time -0.156 x exercise heart rate, for those who have access to electronic heart rate monitors. This submaximal 1.5-mile test accurately predicts maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) without measuring heart rate and is similar to the 1.5-mile run in that it allowsfor mass testing and requires only a flat, measured distance and a stopwatch. Further, it can accommodate a wide range of fitness levels (from walkers to runners).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ventricular arrhythmias during exercise testing, jogging, and sedentary life: a comparative study of healthy physically active men, healthy sedentary men, and men with previous myocardial infarction.

The occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias during exercise testing, jogging, and sedentary life with and without preceding exercise was studied with the aid of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in healthy physically active men, healthy sedentary men, and men with previous myocardial infarction (15 men in each group). Ventricular premature beats of the same grade were found during exercise testing and jogging in ten of the 15 healthy physically active men, in ten of the 15 healthy sedentary men, and in eight of the 15 men with previous myocardial infarction. When unifocal ventricular premature beats were omitted, the corresponding figures were 14/15, 11/15, and 15/15, respectively. Healthy physically active men had less ventricular arrhythmias in all of the tested situations. The greatest number and also the highest grades of ventricular arrhythmias during the exercises were found in healthy sedentary men, whereas the men with previous myocardial infarction had ventricular arrhythmias more during sedentary life.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Estimation of energy expenditure and the validity of pitch counting during walking and jogging by piezoelectric materials].

The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of Piezo-electric accelerometer for estimating energy expenditure in walking and jogging. Energy consumption by oxygen uptake was determined during steady state level of treadmill walking at the speed of 60, 80 and 100 m/min and jogging at the speed of 100, 120, 140, and 160 m/min for 10 subjects. There was a highly significant correlation between the energy consumption and the estimated energy expenditure by an accelerometer despite the attached position (r = 0.912 at the waist, r = 0.915 at the chest, P < 0.001), which suggests accurate estimating energy expenditure in the field.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Responses of aerobically fit men and women to uphill/downhill walking and slow jogging.

Few studies have thoroughly examined metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses to negative treadmill (TM) exercise. We compared oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion (RPE, 0-10 Borg scale) during incremental TM exercise featuring both downhill and uphill stages. Subjects were aerobically trained males (N = 12, VO2max = 61 ml.kg-1.min-1) and females (N = 12, VO2max = 53 ml.kg-1.min-1). On separate occasions, each subject walked (4.8 kph) or jogged (9.6 kph) for 25 min. Five minutes were spent at each of five grades (-10, -5, 0, 5, 10%, or the reverse). TM speed and percent progressions were randomized. VO2 and HR did not differ in the 4.8 kph condition when TM grade was negative. During 9.6 kph, both VO2 and HR significantly (P less than 0.001) increased with progressive increments, but increases were less when TM grade was negative. RPE did not differ in the 4.8 kph condition except at 10% grade, where responses were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher. In 9.6 kph, RPE responses were significantly (P less than 0.001) greater during positive stages. The only gender effect occurred at 10% in the 9.6 kph condition, where women had greater (P less than 0.01) RPE responses than men. Results suggest that both walking and jogging economies differ between negative and positive TM grades. Gender differences appear negligible when comparing aerobically trained men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Jogging in middle age.

The risks and possible cardiovascular benefits of beginning a programme of jogging in middle age are critically reviewed. A lifelong habit of vigorous exercise results in lower incidence rates of ischaemic heart disease. There is, however, no direct evidence that the same is true when sedentary middle-aged people decide to begin exercise. Exercise can have a beneficial effect on the risk factors for ischaemic heart disease but whether this reduces the likelihood of death from ischaemic heart disease remains unproven. There are approximately 12 sudden deaths per 100 000 male joggers in the USA attributable to jogging annually, while almost a third of all joggers report a musculoskeletal injury in a 12-month period.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of the training responses to aerobic dance and jogging in college females.

The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological alterations that occur in college females as a result of a 7-wk jogging and aerobic dance-training program. Forty-six subjects (18-29 yr) volunteered to participate and included 15 dancers, 19 joggers, and 12 controls. All subjects were given a pre- and post-VO2max treadmill test. The joggers and dancers trained 4 d/wk, 30 min/d for 7 wk at an intensity that represented approximately 83 and 84% of their initial maximal heart rates, respectively. Both experimental groups significantly (P less than 0.05) increased their VO2max, VEmax, and maximal treadmill running times and significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased their maximal heart rates as a result of the training. The control group showed no significant (P greater than 0.05) changes in any of the variables measured. It was concluded that both aerobic dance and jogging were equally effective (P less than 0.05) exercise modalities for improving cardiorespiratory endurance when performed at similar intensities, frequencies, and durations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Jogging. Suggestions for general practice].

Medical science and practice can no longer ignore the phenomenon of jogging, but should support it as the expression of an instinct of the citizen. Here also understatement and exaggeration are often found, so that the doctor, as the citizen's adviser must be informed about kinesitherapy. In four-dimensional therapy (environmental awareness: psychological conduct, movement, dietetics, physical measures), in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and in sports for the handicapped, jogging is almost always involved and is very often the central point. Every century has its diseases and lesions and every century must evolve for itself the laws on prevention, healing and restoration and incorporate them into everyday life.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1982

The hazards of jogging and running.

Jogging has grown over the past decade into the largest mass participation sport. It requires no special skills and attracts a variety of people, some with past medical problems, others with just a competitive spirit that may lead to medical or orthopaedic problems. If carried out cautiously and thoughtfully the hazards are few and the sense of well being derived from improved physical fitness is great. The general practitioner, whatever his views on jogging, will be called upon to advise and treat joggers and an awareness of the benefits as well as the hazards is essential.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Averaged EMG profiles in jogging and running at different speeds.

EMGs were collected from 14 muscles with surface electrodes in 10 subjects walking 1.25-2.25 ms(-1) and running 1.25-4.5 ms(-1). The EMGs were rectified, interpolated in 100% of the stride, and averaged over all subjects to give an average profile. In running, these profiles could be decomposed into 10 basic patterns, 8 of which represented only a single burst. Muscles could be divided into a quadriceps, hamstrings, calf and gluteal group, the profiles of which were composed of the same basic patterns. The amplitude of some bursts was constant, but other ones varied with running speed. This speed dependency was generally different between muscles of the same group. Many muscles show a similar profile in running as in walking. The most notable exception is the calf group, which shows activation in early stance (86-125%), together with quadriceps, instead of in late stance (26-55%) as in walking. This is also visible in low-speed running, 'jogging', where stance extends to 46% or 57%, instead of 30-37% as in normal running. Jogging shows some additional differences with normal running, related to this prolonged stance phase.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative electromyography of the lower extremity in jogging, running, and sprinting.

An electromyographic study of the lower extremity muscles was undertaken in order to compare jogging, running, and sprinting. The study demonstrated that as the speed of gait increased, the support phase decreased, from 620 msec for walking to 260 msec for jogging to 220 msec for running to 140 msec for sprinting. The electromyographic data demonstrated that all muscle groups except the hip flexor and adductor longus were active during foot descent, floor contact, and midsupport. There was absence of muscle function during the late toe-off phase except that demonstrated by the adductor longus and the abdominal muscles during sprinting. The main muscle group that appears to increase the speed of gait is that of the hip flexors, which is closely linked to the knee extensors in order to propel the body forward in the line of progression. There was little or no activity in the gastrocnemius or in the intrinsic muscles of the foot about the time of toe-off, leading the authors to conclude that push-off per se does not appear to occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of molded and unmolded orthotics on balance and pain while jogging following inversion ankle sprain.

During this study, we examined the effects of using molded orthotics on persons who had suffered an inversion ankle sprain. We assessed standing balance with a digital balance evaluator for a group of 15 subjects who had no history of ankle sprains and for a group of nine subjects with acute ankle sprains. Then, we assessed the subjective pain experienced by ten subjects with acute ankle sprains while they jogged. During each part of the study, we tested the subjects while they were using a molded orthotic, an unmolded orthotic, and no orthotic in their shoes. We alternated the order of these treatments with each consecutive subject. The results indicate that subjects with a history of recent inversion ankle sprains had poorer balance than uninjured subjects. Molded orthotics had no effect on balance scores in the uninjured group, but their use improved balance scores in the ankle sprain group. Unmolded orthotics did not improve balance scores. Molded orthotics helped to decrease ankle pain during jogging for those with an ankle sprain, but unmolded orthotics did not. These findings suggest that molded orthotics may play a role in the treatment of inversion ankle sprains.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Alternating sciatica while jogging: an early symptom of cauda equina tumor.

Three athletic patients with cauda equina or lumbosacral cord tumor noticed, as an early symptom of the disease, alternating bilateral sciatica synchronized with each stride while jogging. Comparison with athletic patients who developed lumbar disc hernia suggested that this symptom was significant. The authors speculated that the mechanism producing this symptom is the inertial force induced while jogging, which acts on the tumor in its early stage, when it is still quite mobile in the intradural space. The diagnostic role of this symptom in cauda equina and lumbosacral cord tumor should be recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Jogging or walking--comparison of health effects.

The present study compared the different health effects of 6 months' endurance training at two exercise intensities. Seventy-five nonsmoking, sedentary men were randomly assigned to either a home-based, unsupervised exercise program of 4 x 30 min/wk jogging at an intensity of 75% VO2max (n = 28), or of 6 x 30 min/wk walking at an intensity of 50% VO2max (n = 28), or to an inactive control group (n = 19). Exercise adherence and injuries related to exercise training as well as changes in endurance capacity, body fat, and serum lipids were assessed. After 6 months, joggers and walkers showed a similar increase in VO2max as measured by a maximal bicycle ergometer test (2.9 +/- 4.1 ml/kg min, P < 0.01 and 2.5 +/- 5.7 ml/kg min, P < 0.5, respectively). There were no significant changes in blood lipids in either group, although results revealed a significant association between the amount of training (i.e., kilometers exercised) and the increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in joggers (Pearson's r = 0.42, P < 0.05). In walkers, a significant association between the amount of exercise and the decrease in sum of skinfolds and the waist-hip ratio was observed (Pearson's r = -0.48 and -0.45, P < 0.05 for both). The adherence rate was similar for both training groups with respect to the prescribed intervention goal with an average of 90 +/- 41 min/wk (joggers) and 121 +/- 72 min/wk (walkers) spent on endurance training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗