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PubMed2026

Exploring the mechanism of aroma production in fermented cherry juice by L. brevis LD1.0600 using flavomics and whole genome analysis.

This study focused on L.brevis LD1.0600 with excellent fermentation traits: it analyzed genome-wide key regulatory genes for micro-metabolites, combined with fermented cherry juice flavor metabolomics data, and used machine learning to explore correlations between gene regulation, metabolite production, and flavor formation. The SVM model screened and verified fermented cherry juice VOCs; through OAV and flavor wheel analysis, LD1.0600 emerged as the top-performing strain, with a sweet, fruity dominant aroma. Key aroma-active components (OAV > 100) included 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-butanoic acid and hexanoic acid, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and hexanoic acid elevated by LD1.0600-regulated genes (Chrom1-001884, Chrom1-000925, fabF and Chrom1-000199). At the same time, through research, a "strain screening-SVM screening of DVCs-OAV screening of key aroma components-whole genome sequencing of flavor regulatory genes" system was established. This system can not only be applied to the screen fermentation strains, but also can be extended to the application of other fermentation products.

Fermentation↗

PubMed2026

Watershed-scale risk assessment of cadmium contamination in Chinese cropland soils: Dual pathways of irrigation input and flood-driven transport.

Irrigation and flood events serve as critical pathways for the transport of cadmium (Cd) from industrial sources into cropland soils at the watershed scale, constituting a major driver of widespread Cd contamination in China's cropland soil. This study evaluated the risk of Cd contamination in cropland soils across China's nine major river basins at the watershed scale, focusing on the contributions of irrigation and flood events, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of key risk factors. The assessment was conducted within a framework that considered factors including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The results revealed that numerous watersheds in southeastern China are exposed to dual pressures of Cd contamination risks in cropland soils, driven by both irrigation practices and flood events. Watersheds categorized as High-High, High-Moderate, or Moderate-High risk, reflecting combined Cd contamination risks from irrigation and flood, are vital to China's grain production, contributing 67.1 % of the national cropland area and 66.4 % of the grain yield. The study suggests localized strategies for managing cropland soils Cd contamination risks from irrigation and flood at the watershed scale in China, alongside strengthened cross-regional collaboration in southeastern China.

Cadmium↗

PubMed2026

Endovascular intervention for acute stroke in the very late window: A meta-analysis of 90-day mRS and procedural outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effectiveness of Endovascular Therapy (EVT) in very late windows (beyond 24 h) for patients with ischemic stroke, focusing on 90-day mortality, functional outcomes, and procedural success. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the effectiveness of endovascular therapy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke patients. Literature from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus was reviewed using specific keywords. Studies included those after 2000 with outcomes such as functional independence (mRS 0-2), mortality, TICI scores, and neurological improvements. RESULTS: The data findings reveal mixed outcomes across studies on EVT beyond 24 h. Sarraj et al. (2023) found a significant improvement in functional independence with EVT (38% vs. 10%, p < 0.05), despite an increased risk of sICH. The forest plots for mRS and procedural outcomes show some significant results, such as Sarraj (2023) for mortality (p < 0.05), but most other studies indicated no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study has concluded that Endovascular Therapy (EVT) beyond 24 h can improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in selected ischemic stroke patients, though patient selection remains crucial.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

How to assess different types of abstract concepts in brain disorders: A systematic review.

The clinical evaluation of semantic knowledge has predominantly relied on tools targeting concrete concepts, whereas abstract knowledge has historically received limited attention despite its importance in everyday communication. Only a few instruments have explored the internal subdivision of abstract knowledge, likely due to the intrinsic difficulty of defining specific types of concepts or dimensions, resulting in a fragmented and heterogeneous neuropsychological assessment framework that limits our understanding of this domain. This systematic review examined the tools used to assess various types of abstract concepts in clinical populations. A literature search has been performed on the electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar (last update: October 2025). A total of 17 tests is reviewed, differing in the test characteristics, i.e. ranging from automatic to controlled processes and varying in ecological validity, the type of stimuli employed, and the abstract dimensions explored. Most studies have focused on neurodegenerative patients, while comparatively few have examined other clinical conditions. The risk of bias of the reviewed studies was assessed using an ad hoc developed instrument. This review highlights the need for future research to extend investigations to additional abstract domains and clinical populations, while also identifying key challenges related to stimulus selection and the determination of the most appropriate assessment framework.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Longitudinal associations between family factors and the neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes of children with congenital heart disease: A systematic review.

Family factors have been gaining increased attention in understanding adverse neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes for children with congenital heart disease (CHD). To clarify relevance, we undertook a systematic review of only longitudinal studies which assessed such associations. Comparisons with the contribution of disease/surgical factors were also made where included studies considered such. We included longitudinal studies which assessed dynamic family factors (e.g. parent mental health, attachment, family functioning) and later child outcomes. Searches were conducted across CINAHL, Medline-Pubmed, PsychInfo and SCOPUS Web of Science. The NIH Quality Assessment Tool was used to evaluate study quality and risk of bias. Eighteen studies, utilizing data from 11 study samples and 2109 participants, met inclusion criteria. These studies included samples from infancy, with follow-up periods stretching into young adulthood, and with various degrees of CHD severity. The quality of studies was "good" to "fair", with key limitations of attrition and limited sociocultural diversity in samples. Findings suggested that family factors predicted later child psychosocial outcomes and more consistently than severity of disease indicators. This contrasted with a much smaller number of studies examining family factors and child neurodevelopmental outcomes, where no reliable conclusions could be reached. Findings highlight the importance of screening and family focused interventions for this population.

Child↗

PubMed2026

Assessing the Frequency of VEXAS-Related Canonical UBA1 Mutations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients.

OBJECTIVES: Somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene cause VEXAS syndrome, which presents with inflammatory and hematological symptoms. Case studies show a strong overlap between VEXAS and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Recognizing VEXAS is important for differential diagnosis in patients with both inflammation and MDS, as accurate identification guides treatment. The study focuses on determining how often canonical UBA1 mutations linked to VEXAS occur in MDS patients. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with MDS were enrolled in the study, and genomic DNA was isolated from bone marrow FFPE samples. Molecular analysis was performed using a specifically designed ARMS-PCR approach. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies combined with bioinformatic analyses were carried out to explore potential links between UBA1 and pyroptosis. RESULTS: Among the 149 MDS patients analyzed, none exhibited high-Variant Allele Frequency (VAF) the canonical UBA1 point mutations linked to VEXAS syndrome. PPI analysis revealed a possible association between UBA1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome component. CONCLUSIONS: Expanding the sample size and using targeted NGS or ddPCR would improve mutation detection sensitivity and could reveal UBA1 canonical and non-canonical variants and more accurately estimate the frequency of VEXAS-related mutations in the MDS population.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Psychological interventions for children with chronic physical conditions: a systematic review assessing the role of coping, emotional and cognitive processes.

OBJECTIVES: Coping, emotional and cognitive processes are crucial in child development, particularly in children with pediatric chronic physical conditions (CPC). No systematic review in pediatric psychology has investigated the effectiveness of interventions on these processes concurrently. This review addresses this gap by focusing on the effectiveness of psychological interventions on coping, emotional and cognitive processes in children with CPCs. METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched for studies assessing at least one of these processes. Only randomized-controlled trials with children (8-12 years) with a CPC (e.g. diabetes, asthma), which implemented a psychological intervention were included. This study is registered in (CRD42021233505). RESULTS: Ten intervention studies were identified. While cognitive interventions (Cogmed) showed some improvements in working memory, the effects varied across studies despite similar methodologies. Coping interventions (e.g. Coping Skills Training) showed little effect on coping strategies or psychological health variables and were no more beneficial than control groups. No study trained coping, emotional processes and cognitive processes together. CONCLUSION: This review shows current limitations in evaluating psychological interventions targeting coping, cognitive or emotional processes in children with CPCs, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the interventions' action mechanisms. Systematically including underlying processes in intervention studies could help to better adjust those interventions.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Access to maternity services for women asylum seekers and refugees: A transnational document analysis of international, European regional, and United Kingdom governance.

Women asylum seekers and refugees face persistent barriers to maternity care (antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care) across high-income countries, yet the upstream governance shaping access remains under-examined. Although legally distinct, both groups share protection-seeking experiences and are addressed jointly in governance documents. This study examined and synthesised how international (macro), European regional (meso), and United Kingdom (UK, micro) governance documents frame and operationalise maternity service access. Sixty-four documents were analysed using the READ framework. Inductive analysis of macro and meso documents identified six access dimensions: universal coverage; cultural and linguistic adaptation; rights-based approaches; multi-agency collaboration; data, monitoring and accountability; and quality of care. These dimensions structured assessment of UK governance, with jurisdictions rated strong, moderate or weak. Alignment was fragmented: Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland exempted asylum seekers from charging, whereas England retained charging provisions. Multi-agency collaboration was consistently articulated, yet none of the 35 UK government documents focused on maternity access for this population, and none required outcome monitoring disaggregated by asylum or refugee status. UK governance appears coordinated in form but fragmented in substance. UK-wide minimum standards and routine recording of these data, with safeguards against immigration-related use, could strengthen coherence and accountability and improve visibility of inequities.

Refugees↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic insights into exogenous fatty acid-enhanced halotolerance in Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.

BACKGROUND: High salinity restricts microbial growth during brine-based food fermentation. Although exogenous unsaturated fatty acids improve the salt tolerance of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, the associated transcriptional mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the transcriptomic response of Z. rouxii CGMCC 3791 to palmitoleic acid (C16:1) under high salt conditions. RESULTS: Cells were cultured in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) containing 120 g L-1 NaCl, with or without 20 μg mL-1 C16:1. They were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Principal component analysis clearly separated the two treatments. Using q < 0.05 and |log2 fold change| > 1, 23 differentially expressed genes were identified - three upregulated and 20 downregulated. INO1, MLS1, POX1, MEP2, and SOD5 were among the major responsive genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that peroxisome-associated functions, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress responses, nitrogen utilization, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were the principal C16:1-responsive processes. CONCLUSION: Exogenous C16:1 elicited a focused transcriptional adjustment rather than broad transcriptome-wide reprogramming in salt-stressed Z. rouxii. The results indicated that peroxisome-linked lipid processes and redox regulation were candidate mechanisms underlying fatty-acid-associated halotolerance and provided targets for improving the robustness of high-salt food fermentation. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii↗

PubMed2026

MARK1 suppresses infectious bursal disease virus replication via phosphorylating VP3.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of the Birnaviridae family is a non-envelope, double-stranded RNA virus that encodes a VP3 protein with multiple functions, which controls viral genome replication, IFN-β production, and virus traffic in infected cells. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination, of VP3 have been demonstrated for affecting its function and stability. To clarify the mechanism by which VP3 is regulated in IBDV infected cells, we focused on the phosphorylation of VP3. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that microtubule-affinity regulating kinases 1 (MARK1) was a kinase interacting protein of VP3. Inhibitory function of MARK1 in affecting viral replication was validated. We describe the phosphorylation event at the serine 130 (S130) and serine 163 (S163) residues of VP3 mediated by MARK1 via mass spectrometry analysis. Alanine replacement of the phosphorylation sites in VP3 significantly enhanced its RNA-binding activity. Additionally, the mutation of two serine residues led to remarkably improved in its polymerase-enhancing function. We then incorporated the two mutations to rescue recombinant IBDV. Viral growth curve analysis revealed that replication of mutant IBDV was significantly enhanced relative to wild type (WT) virus. In conclusion, we found that VP3 functions are specifically regulated by MARK1 mediated phosphorylation at S130 and S163 and that this regulation suppresses IBDV replication ultimately.

Infectious bursal disease virus↗

PubMed2026

The psychosocial supports and interventions accessed by family members of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A systematic review.

AIM: Family members of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) face profound emotional, social and practical challenges, yet little is known about how they access psychosocial support. We synthesised the literature on the psychosocial support accessed by family members of patients with DEEs, including evidence-based interventions. METHOD: Four databases were searched. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, appraised study quality (QualSyst Tool), and determined certainty of evidence (GRADE-CERQual Framework). Data were synthesised using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: 28 papers comprising 27 unique studies were included and methodological quality was high overall (median = 0.91, IQR = 0.85-1.00). Most studies focused on parent experiences; only two included siblings' perspectives. Families reported high psychological needs which were rarely met by psychological support. Clinicians rarely provided adequate information, quality communication or addressed mental health. Families valued respite care, but experienced barriers to access. Peer support was the most common and valued resource. Three studies tested interventions and appeared feasible and acceptable for parents. However, evidence for intervention effectiveness is preliminary and limited to small, uncontrolled pilot studies. INTERPRETATION: Gaps exist in psychosocial support provision for families of patients with DEEs, including insufficient research on siblings' and grandparents' needs, and lack of evidence-based interventions. We propose evidence-informed research and implementation strategies to address these gaps.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Longitudinal Relations among Perceived Economic Stress, Teacher-Student Relationships, and Cybervictimization: Exploring Within-Person Links.

Family economic hardship has been identified as a risk factor for adolescents' cybervictimization. Nevertheless, existing studies have primarily focused on objective economic conditions, and little is known about the within-person association between perceived economic stress and adolescents' cybervictimization and the mediating mechanisms underlying this association. To fill these gaps, the random intercept cross-lagged model was employed to examine the dynamic relations among perceived economic stress, teacher-student relationships, and cybervictimization. The data were obtained from a sample of 2407 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.75, SD = 0.58, 50.23% girls at baseline) recruited from seven schools and assessed at three time points over one year. At the between-person level, there were no significant associations among perceived economic stress, teacher-student relationships, and cybervictimization. At the within-person level, perceived economic stress positively predicted later cybervictimization over time, and this effect was unidirectional. The bidirectional relations between perceived economic stress and teacher-student relationships remained stable over time. Cybervictimization significantly and negatively predicted subsequent teacher-student relationships across time, indicating a unidirectional predictive effect. Additionally, perceived economic stress indirectly predicted cybervictimization through teacher-student relationships. The findings highlight the importance of distinguishing within-person from between-person processes and shed light on the longitudinal role of teacher-student relationships in the association between perceived economic stress and cybervictimization.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A status update on the unkept promise of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation for treatment-refractory chronic migraine.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic migraine (CM) refractory to conventional pharmacotherapy (r-CM) remains a debilitating neurological condition with limited therapeutic options. High-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kilohertz (HF-SCS) has recently emerged as a distinct neuromodulatory paradigm for this patient population. Unlike traditional spinal cord stimulation, HF-SCS operates above the frequency range that generates paresthesia, thereby eliminating stimulation-induced sensation while potentially engaging unique analgesic mechanisms. AREAS COVERED: This focused narrative review synthesizes the available clinical evidence, technical considerations, and mechanistic hypotheses specifically pertaining to cervical HF-SCS for refractory chronic migraine (r-CM). The authors further provide their expert perspectives on the future of this technology as a treatment option for refractory chronic migraine. EXPERT OPINION: Current data from prospective open-label studies and retrospective case series suggest that cervical HF-SCS may reduce monthly migraine days, facilitate conversion from chronic to episodic migraine patterns in some implanted patients, and may improve headache-related disability and quality of life over at least 52 weeks of follow-up. The paresthesia-free nature of HF-SCS confers a distinct advantage for both patient tolerability and future trial design, as it permits sham-controlled methodologies that have historically been impossible with conventional neurostimulation. However, these findings remain preliminary and should be considered hypothesis-generating pending confirmation in adequately powered randomized sham-controlled trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Electrospun Nanofiber Dressings for Diabetic Wounds: From Single-Layer to Intelligent Composite Systems.

Diabetic chronic wounds have become a major challenge for clinical treatment due to their complex pathological microenvironment, including persistent inflammatory response, angiogenesis disorder, excessive oxidative stress, and susceptible infection. Traditional dressings as a passive barrier have difficulty meeting the above multiple treatment needs. Electrospinning technology, with its ability to mimic the fibrous network structure of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), offers a high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and excellent drug-loading capacity, making it an ideal platform for developing a new generation of multifunctional wound dressings. This article provides a systematic review of the research progress on electrospun nanofiber dressings in the treatment of diabetic wounds, focusing on the design evolution from basic single-layer structures to advanced complex structures and elucidating the mechanisms of action and quantifiable effects of each structural type in addressing specific pathological challenges. We also compared the current status of clinical translation for electrospun dressings with that of other advanced wound care platforms and proposed a standardized preclinical evaluation framework. A large number of research data show that these advanced designs can effectively improve the quality of healing. Finally, this paper points out the challenges faced by this field, such as scalable fabrication, in vivo reliability of smart systems, and long-term biosafety, and provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the design of efficient and intelligent electrostatic spinning diabetic wound dressings.

Nanofibers↗

PubMed2026

In Vitro comparison of herbal and conventional antifungals against Candida strains in Oral candidiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the in vitro antifungal activity of herbal and conventional antifungals against Candida strains. DESIGN: In vitro studies were identified through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up until May 2026. This review is registered with Prospero (CRD420251128404). Eligibility was determined using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria focused on in vitro antifungal investigations comparing herbal antifungals with conventional antifungals. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies (QUIN Tool). A meta-analysis was performed, with the primary outcome measure being the ratio of means (RoM). RESULTS: The systematic review included twenty-five articles. Most studies showed different results in inhibition zones or minimum inhibitory concentrations between herbal and conventional agents. The meta-analysis indicates that certain herbal antifungals are equally effective as or more effective than conventional antifungals against Candida dubliniensis, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida tropicalis. While the efficacy of herbal antifungals for Candida albicans and Candida glabrata was modest, Piper betle L. demonstrated significant inhibitory potential. In contrast, conventional antifungals outperformed herbal antifungals against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis highlight herbal medicine as a potential antifungal therapy for oral candidiasis, emphasizing the need for new strategies due to resistance to conventional antifungals.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Financial incentives and health coaching to improve glycemic outcomes among young adults with type 1 diabetes: A factorial randomized trial (SweetGoals).

AIM: This study aimed to improve glycemic control among young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), an at-risk and understudied population. METHOD: N = 300 young adults with T1D recruited nationally were randomized to the factorial combination of (1) financial incentives targeting glucose checking and mealtime behaviors and (2) web health coaching focused on increasing motivation and goal setting for self-management behaviors. All received a smartphone app that accessed device data and provided weekly goal feedback. The intervention lasted 6 months. HbA1c (A1c) was assessed at baseline, +6 months, and +12 months. The mean number of glucose checking and mealtime goals met per week during the intervention were tested as mediators of intervention effects on A1c at 12 months. RESULTS: A1c was significantly reduced from baseline to +12 months across all participants. Indirect effects of both incentives and coaching on A1c reductions were significant and partially mediated by mealtime but not glucose checking goal achievement. There was no synergistic (interaction) effect of incentives and coaching. CONCLUSION: Incentives and coaching both improved critical mealtime behavior but through different strategies. These results suggest that either intervention would be suitable for future testing and dissemination, and that lower cost of incentives may favor their prioritization.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Nursing Clinical Decision-Making: An Umbrella Review.

AIM: To describe contemporary peer-reviewed literature on artificial intelligence in nurses' clinical decision-making. METHODS: An umbrella review of literature reviews. DATA SOURCES: Four major databases were searched for reviews published between 2019 and 2024. RESULTS: Sixteen literature reviews reported on 965 nursing artificial intelligence primary studies. The studies focused on technology development and emerging performance evaluations, whilst real-world testing or implementation in nursing clinical settings was rare. Rigorous comparative analyses were lacking. While artificial intelligence demonstrates promise in decision-making, challenges such as a lack of controlled studies, algorithmic bias, limited reproducibility and insufficient clinical trials hinder its practical impact. Ethical concerns, transparency and patient data privacy issues pose barriers to AI integration in nursing practice. Ethical and legal guidelines for patient privacy are needed and should be taught along with AI literacy training for nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence has the potential to enhance clinical nursing decision-making, although evidence is limited by too few examples of nurse participation during development. Underutilisation in administrative nursing functions hinders implementation. Nurses should assume a central role in the design and development of AI applications to ensure that these technologies address the realities of nursing practice. With such improvements, artificial intelligence can transform nursing practice, improve nurses' clinical decision-making and ultimately enhance consumer healthcare outcomes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: No Patient or Public Involvement. REPORTING METHOD: While there is no reporting checklist for umbrella reviews, the PRISMA guide for systematic reviews was followed.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2026

Does Timing Matter? Age of First Mobile Phone Acquisition and Psychological Outcomes in Middle and Late Adolescence.

The age at which adolescents acquire their first smartphone has decreased markedly in recent years; however, evidence on its long-term effects on psychosocial adjustment remains limited. This study investigated whether age at first mobile phone acquisition is associated with psychosocial functioning in middle and late adolescence, including social integration and competence, emotion regulation difficulties, disordered eating behaviors and problematic social media use (PSMU). The sample comprised 1179 adolescents aged 15-17 years (53.8% female). Linear regression and generalized additive mixed models were used to examine both linear and nonlinear associations, adjusting for age, gender and school clustering. Earlier smartphone acquisition was linearly but weakly associated with greater emotion regulation difficulties, disordered eating and PSMU, even after adjustment for covariates. In contrast, associations with social integration and competence were nonlinear: acquiring a first smartphone between ages 6 and 10 or after age 13 was associated with lower social integration in adolescence, whereas acquisition between ages 11 and 13 was linked to higher social functioning. These findings suggest that the developmental timing of first smartphone access shows a modest association with subsequent psychosocial functioning during middle and late adolescence. Focusing on the timing of access, alongside other demographic and contextual factors, may contribute to a better understanding of digital influences on adolescent well-being.

Humans↗