Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Inventors”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Tadini. Inventor of the artificial lens (author's transl)].

Tadini, an Italian by birth, was an itinerant ophthalmologist who lived in the second half of the 18th century. Advertisements in old newspapers testify to the fact that he performed eye operations in many towns in Europe, including Lübeck and Ghent. Tadini had a box containing artificial lenses made of glass, which he showed to Casanova. It is therefore probable that Tadini first conceived the idea of intraocular correction of aphakia. Presumably Casanova conveyed the idea to Casaamata, an ophthalmic surgeon in Dresden. At any rate, Casaamata was the first to actually attempt the correction of aphakia by implanting a lens.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed2006

Hans Christian Jacobaeus: Inventor of human laparoscopy and thoracoscopy.

Hans Christian Jacobaeus performed the first clinical laparoscopic surgery in Stockholm. This pioneering procedure was based on the animal experiments of Georg Kelling (1866-1945), a German physician from Dresden, who performed the first laparoscopic intervention in 1901 using a Nitz cystoscope in a dog. In 1910, Jacobaeus published his initial experiences with laparoscopic surgery in the Münchner Medizinischen Wochenschrift under the title "The Possibilities for Performing Cystoscopy in Examinations of Serous Cavities." He used this technique for diagnostic purposes in undefined abdominal complaints and functional impairment. Jacobaeus was the first who pointed out the possibility of injuring organs, especially the intestines, by inserting the trocar. In 1910, Jacobaeus recognized the immense diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of laparoscopic surgery, as well as its difficulties and limits. He also was the first to realize the need for initial endoscopic training in animals and corpses. He promoted the development of special laparoscopic instruments to optimize and simplify the procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Inventors as investigators: the ethics of patents in clinical trials.

CONTEXT: The Bayh-Dole Act and renewed emphasis on translational research have stimulated patenting activities at universities. PURPOSE: To examine how different institutions manage possible patent-related conflicts of interest in human subjects research, and to provide an ethical analysis and recommendations. METHOD: Policies of nine major professional organizations, 13 of the largest recipients of federal biomedical funding in the United States and Canada, and 17 biomedical journals were canvassed. Disagreements in policies were used as the basis for analyzing the ethics of inventorship in clinical trials. RESULTS: Policies varied along three lines. First, some policies did not define patent inventorship as a potential conflict of interest. Second, some of those that did define it as such used licensing as a trigger for conflict of interest management. Third, several policies imposed presumptive restrictions on an investigator's participation in a trial involving his or her invention. CONCLUSIONS: The author defends on ethical grounds restrictive policies on patent holding in clinical trials and rejects objections to restrictive policies. The author recommends five policies: (1) any related patent holding should always be disclosed to IRBs and research subjects, (2) investigators who hold conflicting patents should be presumptively barred from certain activities in a study, (3) institutional interests in patents should be managed and disclosed to research subjects, (4) IRBs should also be informed of an investigator's filed (not just held) patents on an experimental agent, and (5) the stringency of policies should be adjusted according to a patent's earning potential and the risk associated with a study.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

John H. Gibbon, Jr., the inventor of the first successful heart-lung machine.

May 6th, 2003 marked the 50th anniversary of the first successful use of the heart-lung machine. It was an event that would dramatically change the field of cardiac surgery and the approach to the treatment of cardiac disease. It was also the culmination of years of work of Dr. John H. Gibbon, Jr. We take a look at the life of this remarkable man.

Heart-Lung Machine↗