Correlation between the Histoplasmin Tine Test and the standard histoplasmin intradermal test.
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Adolescent↗
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[Behaviour of cellular immunity, detectable by means of intradermal test, following Toxoplasma gondii infection (author's transl)].
The percentage of strongly positive reactions to intradermal testing of 2,997 pregnant women was found to grown continuously by about one per cent per annum along with growing age. -- The conclusion drawn from comprehensive discussion of the above findings is that cellular immunity is likely to grow rather than decline, as assumed in the past, following toxoplasmosis infection. However, the increase, about one per cent annually, is of minor dimensions and might be based on a booster effect. -- This would mean, after all, that the intradermal test will continue to be of informative value, even long time after the infection, for example, in the context of aged patients. Therefore, no correction is required either by the criteria of interpretation.
Adolescent↗
Intradermal testing and sublingual desensitization for nickel.
Thirty-nine patients with nickel allergy as diagnosed by results of clinical history and intradermal testing with nickel sulfate were treated by sublingual hyposensitization. Intradermal testing was accurate and titration showed the degree of sensitivity. The immunologic principle of oral tolerance was used in treatment. Eighty-five percent of the thirty-nine patients showed subjective improvement in their dermatitis and all showed objective evidence of decreased intradermal sensitivity. None of the patients' conditions worsened. The use of oral treatment with nickel sulfate deserves broader clinical trial.
Administration, Oral↗
Sensitivity and specificity of prick and intradermal testing in predicting response to nasal provocation with timothy grass antigen.
OBJECTIVE: Examine the efficacy of epicutaneous and intradermal testing in predicting response to nasal provocation with timothy antigen. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study. Subjects were tested with Multi-Test II (MT). Subjects with negative wheals were tested with a 1:500 intradermal injection of timothy. They had baseline assessment of nasal cross-sectional area (CSA) using acoustic rhinometry and underwent nasal provocation with increasing timothy concentrations. CSA was assessed and nasal visual analog scale (VAS) completed with each concentration. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of MT in predicting nasal response to provocation were 87% and 86%. Intradermal testing increased sensitivity to 93%. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) demonstrated that subjects positive to skin testing had significant reductions in CSA and worsening VAS scores with increasing concentrations of nasally delivered antigen. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Epicutaneous testing with the Multi-Test II offers 87% sensitivity and 86% specificity in assessing timothy grass reactivity.
Adult↗
Intradermal testing after anaphylactoid reaction to anaesthetic drugs: practical aspects of performance and interpretation.
A detailed description of an intradermal test for the diagnosis of the drug responsible for acute anaphylactoid or anaphylactic reactions to anaesthetic drugs is presented. If intradermal testing is performed according to this protocol the drug responsible for the reaction can be determined in the majority of reactions.
Anaphylaxis↗
Determination of threshold concentrations of allergens and evaluation of two different histamine concentrations in canine intradermal testing.
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal histamine concentration and allergen threshold concentrations for canine intradermal testing. Thirty healthy dogs were tested using two different concentrations of histamine and four different concentrations of each allergen. The optimal histamine concentration was determined to be 1:10 000 w/v. The threshold concentration was at least 1750 PNU/mL for all tested grasses, weeds, trees, moulds and insects, except for fleas which was as least 1:500 w/v. For Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the optimal threshold concentration was 250 PNU/mL, whereas for Dermatophagoides farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, it was 100 PNU/mL. Threshold concentration for all epidermals except human dander was at least 1250 PNU/mL. The optimal threshold concentration for human dander was 300 PNU/mL. Our results suggest that the currently used 1:100 000 w/v concentration of histamine and the 1000 PNU/mL concentration for most grasses, weeds, trees, moulds, epidermals and insects may not be appropriate for canine intradermal testing.
Allergens↗
Assessment of an intradermal test for the detection of bovine brucellosis.
Forty-eight cattle were sensitised to Brucella antigens either by vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) or B. abortus 45/20 (S45/20) ad 24 of these and 12 unvaccinated cattle were subsequently challenged with virulent B. abortus strain 544 (S544). All these cattle (n = 60), together with 12 control cattle which were neither vaccinated nor challenged, were subsequently subjected to an intradermal test using a S45/20 protein antigen. Reactions were interpreted subjectively by observation and palpation and were measured to the nearest mm with calipers at 48 and 72 hours after injection of protein antigen. Ten weeks later the cattle were slaughtered and tissues cultured for the presence of B. abortus. Two of the 48 vaccinated cattle died, 40 of the remaining 46 gave a positive response to the intradermal test at 48 hours and 36 were positive at 72 hours. In the controls any increase in the skin thickness had disappeared by 72 hours. An increase in skin thickness was still present at 72 hours in all other cattle except those vaccinated with S19 only. The intradermal test was found to be sensitive but not specific in detecting infected cattle and both sensitive and highly specific if used (with the exception of S19) to detect exposure to Brucella antigen.
Animals↗
[Evaluation of helminth intradermal tests in comparison to coproovoscopic surveys].
1600 subjects connected with mining were divided into 6 groups and examined because of intestinal parasites. There were: surface miners underground miners, retired miners and two groups of school-children up to 14 years old and from 14-17 years old, and persons not connected with the miners' work. The one control group consisted of 150 persons with negative coproscopical investigations, the other consisted of 112 persons, who were clinically healthy. The coproscopical investigations, morphological (eosinophil) and intradermal tests were made with the antigens Ascaris lumbricoides, Echinococcus granulosus, Cysticercus cellulosae, Taeniarhynchus saginatus and Trichinella spiralis. 214 persons (13.37%) were infected. The infestation with Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides (about 96%) was prevailing. Eosinophily varied between 5-7% and was found in 111 persons (6.3%). Most positive intradermal tests with Ascaris lumbricoides antigen were confirmed in the group of patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides (97%). Some cross-reactions were confirmed. The heaviest infestation with parasites was found out with the underground workers. The results of the coproscopical investigations were mostly similar to the results of the intradermal tests.
Adolescent↗
The diagnostic value of intradermal tests with penicilloyl-dextran and aspiryl-polylysine.
Intradermal tests (i.d.t.) with penicillin (P) and penicilloyl-dextran (P-Dex) were performed in 32 penicillin allergic patients and in 37 controls with allergy to other drugs. The incidence of the positive i.d.t. was much higher in the group of penicillin allergy of immediate type (17 of 18 patients) than in the group of penicillin allergy of half-late or late type (4 of 14 cases). I.d.t. with P and P-Dex were concordant in 75% of cases. Among 28 patients with penicillin allergy tested with both reagents, i.d.t. positive only to P-Dex were found in two cases. The utilisation of i.d.t. with P-Dex or penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL) in penicillin allergy furnishes, therefore, only very modest additional information besides that furnished by i.d.t. performed with plain penicillin. I.d.t. with aspiryl-polylysine (APL) were performed in 23 patients with aspirin allergy/intolerance and in 60 controls with allergy to other drugs. 70% of the individuals with aspirin allergy and 27% of the patients with allergy to other drugs showed positive i.d.t. to APL. Although the specificity of i.d.t. with APL in aspirin allergy seems lower than that of i.d.t. with P-Dex and PPL in penicillin allergy, a positive cutaneous test with APL may constitute an important argument for the allergic nature of an aspirin adverse reaction evoking an allergic mechanism.
Aspirin↗
Studies of various tests for malignant neoplastic diseases. II. The Gruskin intradermal test.
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Humans↗
Intradermal testing after severe histamine reactions to intravenous drugs used in anaesthesia.
In a series of patients who suffered severe histamine mediated reactions to induction agents and muscle relaxants, intradermal testing enabled the drug involved to be distinguished. The correct use of intradermal testing to give reliable results is discussed and a protocol described. Prausnitz Kustner testing was of little help in confirming the results. A number of patients tested showed high levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and it is believed that IgG mediated anaphylaxis may be the mechanism responsible for reactions that have been previously described as anaphylactoid or direct chemical histamine release.
Adult↗
Evaluation of cross-reactivity of allergens by use of intradermal testing in atopic dogs.
OBJECTIVE: To examine cross-reactivity of aeroallergens in Colorado and surrounding states by evaluating concurrent positive reactions of related and nonrelated allergens of intradermal tests in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Intradermal test results of 268 atopic dogs. PROCEDURE: A retrospective evaluation of skin test results for 268 dogs was performed. Pairs of closely related and nonrelated allergens were evaluated. Group 1 consisted of closely related allergens with demonstrated antibody cross-reactivity in humans. In group 2, allergens of the same plant group (ie, trees, grasses, or weeds) that were not closely related were paired. In group 3, allergen pairs were of different plant groups. Plant allergens were paired with dust mite allergens, animal dander, or mold spores in group 4. In the last group, allergens not derived from plants were paired. Data were evaluated twice by use of a different definition of a positive reaction. Significance of the difference between group means of log odds ratios was estimated by use of a boot-strap percentile confidence interval. RESULTS: Significant differences in the number of concurrent positive reactions were not found between related versus nonrelated grass, weed, or tree allergens. Significant differences in the number of concurrent positive reactions were found between plant allergens of different groups (ie, grasses, weeds, and trees) and plant allergens of the same groups, related or nonrelated, as well as between plant-derived and nonplant-derived allergens. Many dogs reacting to a specific allergen did not react to a closely related allergen at the same time. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence against clinically relevant cross-reactivity and suggest that allergen-specific immunotherapy should be formulated on the basis of single allergen test results.
Allergens↗
Psoriasiform intradermal test reaction to ABPC in a patient with psoriasis and ABPC allergy.
We experienced a case of psoriasis with ABPC allergy which showed a psoriasiform intradermal test reaction to ABPC. A 22-year-old man with a history of psoriasis since the age of 17 was admitted to our department because he developed erythrodermic psoriasis after oral administration of ABPC. About 1 year later, he again developed erythroderma after administration of ABPC. Intradermal testing with 2% ABPC was performed. We found infiltrating erythema at day 2, followed by a gradually increasing psoriasiform reaction at 6 days on the site of ABPC skin test. We examined the infiltrating cells in the skin test reaction immunohistochemically. Most of the infiltrating cells in the dermis were activated helper/DTH-type T cells. Among the infiltrating cells in the epidermis, we observed more cytotoxic/suppressor-type T cells than helper/DTH-type T cells. A possible role of a DH reaction to ABPC in inducing the psoriatic lesion is discussed in relation to the pathomechanisms of psoriasis.
Adult↗
Intradermal test with histamine in Schistosomiasis mansoni.
Histamine diphosphate was injected intradermally, at dilutions of 10(-3), 10(-4), and 10(-5), into 25 boys (10--12 yr old), and 25 men (20--30 yr old) with active schistosomiasis mansoni. A linear relationship between the mean area of the wheals and the logarithm of histamine concentrations was determined. Both equations (men and boys) were significant (P less than 0.05) but showed no difference between their regression coefficients. These findings contrast with those obtained with the intradermal test performed with Schistosoma mansoni antigens, in which skin response in men is significantly greater than in boys.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of the results of intradermal tests in spontaneous cysticercosis in cattle].
The diagnostic value of intradermal tests was verified on 126 bulls (out of this number 32 autopsically positive) subject to intravital diagnostics of bovine cysticercosis. As allergen were used homologous antigens from adult larvae of Taenia saginata and heterologous antigens from larvae of Taenia crassiceps, as well as hydatid fluid from Echinococcus granulosis. With the antigen T. saginata the sensitivity reached 53.1% and specificity 90.4%, with the antigen T. crassiceps 53.1% and 80.9% and with the antigen E. granulosus 16.7% and 89.5%.
Animals↗
Evaluation of the precision of intradermal injection of control substances for intradermal testing in clinically normal horses.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the precision of intradermal testing (IDT) in horses. ANIMALS: 12 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: IDT was performed on the neck of each horse by use of 2 positive control substances (histamine and phytohemagglutinin [PHA]) and a negative control substance. An equal volume (0.1 mL) for each injection was prepared to yield a total of 20 syringes ([4 concentrations of each positive control substance plus 1 negative control substance] times 2 positive control substances times 2 duplicative tests) for each side of the neck. Both sides of the neck were used for IDT; therefore, 40 syringes were prepared for each horse. Hair was clipped on both sides of the neck, and ID injections were performed. Diameter of the skin wheals was recorded 0.5, 4, and 24 hours after ID injection. RESULTS: Intra- and interhorse skin reactions to ID injection of histamine and PHA resulted in wheals of uniform size at 0.5 and 4 hours, respectively. Significant intra- and interhorse variation was detected in wheals caused by PHA at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: ID injection of histamine and PHA caused repeatable and precise results at 0.5 and 4 hours, respectively. Concentrations of 0.005 mg of histamine/mL and 0.1 mg of PHA/mL are recommended for use as positive control substances for IDT in horses. This information suggests that consistent wheal size is evident for ID injection of control substances, and variation in wheals in response to ID injection of test antigens results from a horse's immune response to specific antigens.
Allergens↗
An intradermal test to detect latent warble (Hypoderma spp.) infection in cattle.
An intradermal test was developed to screen cattle for infection with the first-instar larvae of the warble flies Hypoderma lineatum and H. bovis. The diagnostic antigen, prepared from the first-instar larvae of H. lineatum, produced a distinct dermal reaction in cattle infected with the first-instar larvae of either species, but not in cattle in which the infection could not be confirmed later either on necropsy or by the appearance of warbles in the back. The reaction to the antigen was unpredictable in cattle with warbles in their backs. The diagnostic property of the antigen was also demonstrated in rabbits and guinea pigs artificially sensitized to the antigen.
Animals↗
Specific immunity in patients suffering from recurring warts before and after repetitive intradermal tests with human papilloma virus.
The specific humoral and cellular immunity of 22 patients with multiple or recurring warts was studied. After repeated intradermal tests, using an inactivated, purified viral antigen, the responses obtained could be classed into two groups. The first group (10 patients) was characterized immunologically by the acquisition of a specific cellular immunity and the appearance of circulating IgG antibodies, and clinically by a total regression of resolution of the warts two to three weeks after the final intradermal test. The second group (12 patients) was characterized immunologically by a weak or non-existent specific immune response, and clinically by the unmodified persistence of the warts.
Adult↗