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PubMed1992

The effect of rhein and rhein anthrone on intestinal fluid transport and on large intestine transit in germ-free rats.

The effect of rhein and rhein anthrone on the transit and the transport of water and electrolytes in the large intestine was investigated in germ-free rats. After intracaecal administration, neither of the two compounds was found to accelerate the transit of a colour marker through the large intestine. Both drugs reduced the net absorption of sodium and chloride in the colon and enhanced net potassium secretion. Net water absorption was decreased by rhein and even reversed into net secretion by rhein anthrone. Our results show that the secretagogue activity of the compounds is not sufficient to induce laxation in germ-free rats. Furthermore rhein and rhein anthrone had no laxative properties under our experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Nitrogen metabolism in the large intestine of ruminants. 3. Microbial utilization of intracecally administered 14C- and 15N-marked urea in the large intestine of sheep in simultaneous intracecal administration of partially hydrolyzed straw meal].

Two experiments were performed on sheep, receiving on maintenance level a pelleted straw ration high in crude fibre (straw, 70.5%; dried sugar beet pulp, 12%; cereals, 10%; urea, 2%; ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 3%; minerals 2,5%). The animals were fitted with ileo-caecal re-entrant cannulas. The effects of the introduction of HC1-partly hydrolysed straw meal into the digesta of the large intestine on the digestion processes in that segment were studied. Under these conditions the metabolism of 14C and 15N labelled urea, which was given into the caecum, was estimated. In experiment 1 (E 1; 2 animals) unlabelled, precollected digesta were hourly reintroduced together with 14C and 15N labelled urea via the caecal cannula. In experiment 2 (E 2; 3 animals) the digesta were supplemented with partly hydrolysed straw meal (10% of the mean daily DM-intake with the ration). The supplement of partly hydrolysed straw meal caused an increase of the 15N excretion with faeces from 13.4% (E 1) to 19.8% (E 2) of the dose. The 15N was mainly incorporated in the bacterial fraction (98% E 1; 96% E 2). As a reason for the increased 15N incorporation into the bacterial fraction of 106.4 mg15N' in E 2 vs. 67.3 mg15N' in the experiment without straw meal supplement the higher supply of energy as fermentable carbohydrates was assumed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin D dependence of in vivo calcium transport and mucosal calcium binding protein in rat large intestine.

Dependence of large intestinal calcium transport on vitamin D has been examined in vitro in colon only. The authors studied calcium fluxes in cecum and colon in vivo by perfusion with 1.6 mM calcium chloride in saline. Tracer 45Ca either was injected parenterally 24 hr before study or was added to the perfusates. For 8--10 wk after weaning, rats had been fed a rachitogenic diet; 48 and 24 hr before study, 50% of the animals were treated with 20,000 IU vitamin E2. In a separate set of animals, mucosal calcium binding protein was analyzed by the Chelex assay method. In comparison with vitamin D-deficient rats, the colon of vitamin D-treated rats showed higher lumen-to-plasma flux and lower plasma-to-lumen flux and net absorption instead of net secretion. In cecum, calcium transport was not significantly altered by vitamin D treatment. Mucosal calcium binding protein was higher in cecum than in colon in both groups and was higher in vitamin-D-treated than in vitamin D-deficient animals in both segments. The current study shows that in the rat colon calcium fluxes both into and out of the lumen as well as net transport are significantly by vitamin D treatment, but that cecal transport rates are not affected. In both cecum and colon, mucosal calcium binding protein increases with vitamin D treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Cecostomy in the treatment of large intestine ileus].

Large bowel decompression by simple coecostomy is not generally accepted. As this procedure is our method of choice in all suitable cases, we have checked the results. From 1.11.1971 to 31.3.1979 a coecostomy was performed in 44 patients presenting with uncomplicated colonic obstruction. The operation was done through an ileocoecal muscle split incision without an exploratory laparotomy. The coecum was primarily opened and sutured to the skin. There were 38 carcinomas, one actinic sigmoid stenosis and one pancreatitic stenosis. In four cases further investigations did not show any mechanical bowel obstruction. In 37 patients there was a secondary laparotomy. In 34 patients the stenotic area was resectable. The coecostomy could be closed in 39 cases and was removed with the resected specimen in one case. Overall-lethality was 4/44, the lethality of mechanical large bowel obstruction was 4/40 or 10% respectively. Three patients died of metastatic carcinomas, one patient of thromboembolic complications. The coecostomy always was successful in decompressing the dilated bowel. The morbidity was negligible (one abscess after closure of the stoma with cicatricial herniation later on.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Lamina propria T cell subsets in the small and large intestine of euthymic and athymic mice.

We investigated lamina propria T cells from the small intestine (jejunum/ileum) and the large intestine (colon) of euthymic (BALB/c, C.B-17, C57BL/6) and athymic (C57BL/6 nu/nu; BNX bg/bg nu/nu xid/xid) mice. CD3+ T cells represented about 40% of the lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) from the small or the large intestine of euthymic mice, and 20-30% of the LPL populations from the small or large intestine of athymic mice. In the lamina propria T cell population of the small intestine, 85% were of the alpha beta lineage in euthymic mice, but only 40% were of the alpha beta lineage in athymic mice. T cells of the gamma delta lineage were thus more frequent than T cells of the alpha beta lineage in the intestinal lamina propria T cells of extrathymic origin. CD4+ T cells represented 40% of the lamina propria T cells in the small as well as in the large intestine of euthymic mice, and 20-30% of the T cells in the lamina propria of the nude mouse gut. In euthymic mice, 40% of the T cells in the small intestine lamina propria, and 30% of the T cells in the colonic lamina propria were CD8+. In intestinal lamina propria T cell populations of athymic mice, the CD8+ T cell population was expanded. Most (60-70%) CD8+ T cells in the lamina propria of the small and the large intestine of euthymic and athymic mice expressed the homodimeric CD8 alpha + beta- form of the CD8 coreceptor. A fraction of 15-20% of all CD3+ T cells in the lamina propria of the small and the large intestine of euthymic and athymic mice were 'double negative' CD4- CD8-. A large fraction of the TCR alpha beta + T cells in the colonic lamina propria (but not in the small intestine lamina propria) of euthymic mice expressed the CD2 and the CD28 costimulator molecules, the adhesion molecule LECAM-1 (CD62 L), and could be activated in vitro by CD3 ligation. These data reveal a considerable heterogeneity in the surface phenotype and the functional phenotype of murine lamina propria T cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endometriosis of the large intestine].

Two cases of large intestine endometriosis are presented. The disease was diagnosed during histological examination of samples taken during surgery. Clinically one case was diagnosed as Crohn's disease, while the second as cancer of the large intestine. The authors suggest, that an extent of surgery for, tumours of the large intestine should be carefully planned, specially if the tissue specimen was not examined histologically earlier.

Adult↗