How to prepare for prospective reimbursement: a workable management information system for managers, department heads and administrators.
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Economics, Hospital↗
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Rejection of an innovation: health information management training materials in east Africa.
A shift towards decentralization in many low-income countries has meant more skills are demanded of primary health care managers, including data and information handling at all levels of the health care system. Ministries of Health are changing their central reporting health information systems to health management information systems with emphasis on managers utilizing information at the point of collection. This paper reports on a research study to investigate the introduction of new information management strategies intended to promote an informational approach to management at the operational health service level in low-income countries. It aims to understand the process taking place when externally developed training materials (PHC MAP), which are intended to strengthen health management information systems, are introduced to potential users in an east African country. A case study has been undertaken and this research has demonstrated that the dynamic equilibrium approach to organizational change is applicable to the introduction of new information management strategies and management approaches in low-income countries. Although PHC MAP developers envisaged a technical innovation needing implementation, potential users saw the situation as one of organizational change. Contributions to theory have been made and many implications for introducing new information systems or the informational approach to management are identified. This theoretical framework could also facilitate the introduction of future information management innovations and would allow practitioners to perceive the introduction of information management innovations as one of organizational change that needs to be managed. Consequently, issues that may facilitate or inhibit adoption could be identified in advance.
Administrative Personnel↗
Implications of the JCAHO information management initiative for information systems.
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Accreditation↗
Using information contained in the curriculum management information tool (CurrMIT) to capture opportunities for student learning and development.
The purpose of this paper is to examine how West Virginia University Medical School used the AAMC Curriculum Management Information Tool (CurrMIT) to map the undergraduate medical school curriculum. Information gleaned from this analysis identified what students are expected to learn, how they learn and how they are assessed. Information about the curriculum was entered into CurrMIT, creating a comprehensive picture of the curricular landscape. Learning outcomes were parceled out according to a competence-based framework. In addition, learning methods and assessment measures were identified. A total of 639 learning outcomes were identified across several competences. A total of 13 learning methods and 13 assessment measures were also identified in the undergraduate curriculum. The results suggest that students are expected to acquire varied knowledge, skills and attitudes. Further, students are presented with diverse learning methods and assessment measures. The curriculum map ascertains whether the program's components, such as learning outcomes, learning approaches and assessment methods, are designed and linked to further students' learning. This analysis will lead to curricular improvements. The implications of this work can help faculty, students and other academic stakeholders shift tacit expectations of learning and development to a curricular reality and, in turn, help prepare future physicians for the changing field of medicine.
Curriculum↗
Interventions for improving information management in family practice.
Information management training has been neglected in family practice in the UK in the past. An adult learning model for such training is introduced. A pilot study using the adult learning approach showed improvements in information management processes over the six-month study period. The research project described in this paper compares the effectiveness of on-site training using adult learning methods, written information, and no intervention, in 33 family practices in the UK. Nine of the eleven practices in the on-site training group completed the training sessions and provided data, whereas only four of the eleven practices in the written information group provided data, and only three of the eleven practices in the control group did so. Preliminary analysis demonstrates that on-site training practices made considerable changes to the information systems in their practices, and appreciated the importance of high-quality data, both for patient care and reporting requirements. Full comparisons of data quality and information management methods are presented, and an assessment of priority training needs for maximum benefit is made.
Adult↗
The Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library management information system.
A management information system (MIS) provides a means for collecting, reporting, and analyzing data from all segments of an organization. Such systems are common in business but rare in libraries. The Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library developed an MIS that operates on a system of networked IBM PCs and Paradox, a commercial database software package. The data collected in the system include monthly reports, client profile information, and data collected at the time of service requests. The MIS assists with enforcement of library policies, ensures that correct information is recorded, and provides reports for library managers. It also can be used to help answer a variety of ad hoc questions. Future plans call for the development of an MIS that could be adapted to other libraries' needs, and a decision-support interface that would facilitate access to the data contained in the MIS databases.
Academic Medical Centers↗
American Health Information Management Association. Position statement. Issue: healthcare reform--information systems and the need for computer-based patient records.
Timely, reliable information is a critical part of healthcare reform. The Clinton Administration's current proposal would streamline health information through the use of standard forms and data definitions and establish a nationwide electronic highway to link health records and exchange needed information. Information would be captured, retained, and transmitted as a routine byproduct of patient care. These goals can be achieved only through broad implementation of the computer-based patient record (CPR). The CPR will contribute to more effective and cost-efficient care through (1) ready access to longitudinal (lifetime) health information; (2) support for continuous quality improvement; (3) easy access to clinical knowledge bases; and (4) patient participation in health documentation and disease prevention. The technology exists to implement the CPR, but further work is needed to develop the necessary standards and security mechanisms. The American Health Information Management Association is committed to working with applicable state and federal agencies, professional associations, accrediting agencies, voluntary standards organizations, and the Computer-Based Patient Record Institute (CPRI) to achieve the information management objectives of the current health care reform plan. With their expertise in health information systems and strong commitment to patient privacy, health information management professionals can make significant contributions to the development, implementation, and ongoing security of national and state health information networks.
Health Care Reform↗
Information-management technology in the Cancer Information Service.
This paper identifies the potential applications of information-management technology in the Cancer Information Service national network and describes some innovations of individual network offices in each area. New applications are explored and recommendations are made for coordinating these efforts nationally.
Humans↗
Reimbursement comes of age. EMPOWER: a management information system.
A management information (MI) system for general and academic medical practices is imperative in a changing environment. Funded by a grant from the MGMA Academic Practice Assembly, EMPOWER is relevant to all types of medical practice. The software package supports financial/time allocation models, income/expense models and incentive cost center approaches.
Academic Medical Centers↗
Practice brief. Issue: data quality management model. American Health Information Management Association.
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Data Collection↗
Development of a GIS-based spill management information system.
Spill Management Information System (SMIS) is a geographic information system (GIS)-based decision support system designed to effectively manage the risks associated with accidental or intentional releases of a hazardous material into an inland waterway. SMIS provides critical planning and impact information to emergency responders in anticipation of, or following such an incident. SMIS couples GIS and database management systems (DBMS) with the 2-D surface water model CE-QUAL-W2 Version 3.1 and the air contaminant model Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO) while retaining full GIS risk analysis and interpretive capabilities. Live 'real-time' data links are established within the spill management software to utilize current meteorological information and flowrates within the waterway. Capabilities include rapid modification of modeling conditions to allow for immediate scenario analysis and evaluation of 'what-if' scenarios. The functionality of the model is illustrated through a case study of the Cheatham Reach of the Cumberland River near Nashville, TN.
Air Pollution↗
The importance of management information systems in a managed care environment.
Keys to successful information systems for home care providers are planning and control. With managed care's emphasis on data, agencies need to have information systems that can handle the demands managed care puts on agencies today--planning before hurrying to install a system will ensure control as the managed care contracts add up.
Contract Services↗
Perceived quality of management information and the influence of overspending penalties in the NHS.
The information needs of managers have changed considerably since the introduction of the internal market and many NHS units have invested in new management information systems to enhance the organization's performance. The characteristics of good quality information include accuracy, timeliness and comprehension. Information for management control also benefits from participation between the provider and the user. There are behavioural implications of using information as a control device and managers must internalize the financial objectives of the organization, usually expressed in budget reports. Failure to meet targets must attract penalties that will influence the managers' behaviour. They must respond to the information provided if control is to be exercised. This paper gives the results of a study into managers' perceptions of the adequacy and usefulness of financial information and the impact of penalties for overspending. It concludes that the financial information currently provided fails to meet many of the criteria of good quality information. Any perceived penalty for failing to attain budget-related goals is better than none, and there is little distinction between an overt reprimand and the ultimate sanction of dismissal.
Accounting↗
Management information systems: determining nurse manager requirements.
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Humans↗
Purpose and structure of strategic plans for information management in hospitals.
Information management in hospitals requires a strategic plan that gives directives for the construction and development of a hospital information system. The paper describes the purpose and a suggested structure for those strategic plans. This structure is a central component for a guideline that may be used for creating and updating strategic plans.
Germany↗
Implementing a new health management information system in Uganda.
This paper reports on research investigating the health management information system (HMIS) implementation process in Uganda, utilizing the diffusion of innovation and dynamic equilibrium organizational change models. Neither perspective guided the HMIS development process. Instead, technological issues, rather than wider organizational issues, dominated the planned change. The need to consider the organizational context when changing information systems arises because the process is more complex than some practitioners have realized, when attempting to understand the causes of information management problems and developing HMIS in low-income countries. In particular, information system developers had not acknowledged that they were promoting an informational approach to management when they promoted a change from a centralized reporting system to a HMIS supporting use of information at the level of collection. Strategies to facilitate this approach were not advocated. Organizational theory can contribute to the diffusion of innovation framework. It has yielded an integration of Rogers's diffusion of innovation framework and Leavitt's concept of organizational forces in equilibrium. The diffusion framework describes the process, but the organizational model has given the context and reason for aspects of the process. The diffusion model does not predict what needs to change within the organization when a particular innovation is introduced, or how much. The addition of the organizational model has helped. These frameworks can facilitate the introduction of future information management innovations and allow practitioners to perceive their introduction as a staged process needing to be managed. Implications for practice are identified.
Diffusion of Innovation↗
Research review: a comparison of two theories of resistance to innovation in baccalaureate level health information management programs.
Health information management (HIM) practitioners and educators must keep abreast of changing technologies in the health care environment as well as in education. The study reported compared two explanations of resistance to innovation to determine which one best explains the variance in receptivity and proposed innovations among faculty members in HIM programs. The psychological explanation holds that organization members' receptivity to change is a function of their personalities. The sociological explanation holds that members respond to specific innovations and that they do so in terms of whether the innovation would increase or reduce their present status. The 138 faculty members of all HIM baccalaureate degree programs in the United States were queried to measure their receptivity to computer-assisted instruction and televised courses. The data were collected using four semantic differential scales. The findings revealed that status variables accounted for the greatest variance in receptivity for each innovation. Significant relationships between selected status variables and receptivity to each innovation were found. The data indicated that the respondents were moderately receptive to the innovations of computer-assisted instruction and televised courses. The study also concluded that faculty were inclined to have a positive attitude toward change.
Attitude to Computers↗
Applying management information systems to staffing.
A management information system (MIS) is a tool for managing resources effectively. After reviewing some concepts and principles for effective data management, Hanson clearly applies the concepts to nurse staffing systems, which manage human resources. He defines a seven-step process for establishing an MIS, from defining the management objective to implementing the system. Pointing out that an MIS need not be computerized to be effective, Hanson presents a positive perspective and clarifies some often-misconceived notions about management information systems and the paper printouts they generate. In the next issue of JONA, a second article by Hanson will take a more detailed look at the variety, use, and usefulness of staffing statistics available from an MIS for staffing. These articles are based on material in a forthcoming book, Management Systems for Nursing Service Staffing, to be published by Aspen Systems Corporation, Rockville, Maryland.
Information Systems↗