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Development of an infant food product based on fermented milk, cereals and soybean.

The objective of this work was to develop an infant food product based on yogurt, cereals and soybean. The experimental conditions to obtain the yogurt using milk and lyophylized microorganisms, were: incubation period, 5 hours, a temperature of 41 +/- 1 degree C and innoculum concentration, 3%. Two protein mixtures were prepared: 1) corn-yogurt, with a protein supply relation of 65/35%, and 2) wheat-soy-yogurt with a protein supply relation of 20/60/20%, respectively. The mixtures were fermented during 24 hours at 37 degrees C and spray-dried thereafter. Artificial flavors, sugar and maltodextrins were added to the final product, in order to develop and instant purée. The protein content of the product was 11%, with a net protein utilization (NPU) of 80% in relation to casein. Banana was the most acceptable flavor. This type of product represents an alternative to preserve milk in developing countries, obtaining a suitable baby food product.

Edible Grain↗

[Lead-content of foodstuffs. 4. Lead-content of infant foods (author's transl)].

The lead contents in more than 120 glass bottles or packages of infant foods were determined. About 75% of the values were below 100 mug Pb/kg of product. The highest value was 238 mug Pb/kg. The weekly intake of a 6 month-old infant (7.2 kg body weight) fed exclusively with commercial baby foods was found to be about 320 mug Pb, or about 45 mug Pb/kg body weight.

Animals↗

The selenium content of infant food.

The selenium content of food exhibits great regional differences. Food samples of infants and young children from the North Rhine-Westphalia State in the Fed. Rep. of Germany were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis and showed that the average selenium content of local vegetable and fruit is below 5 ng/g wet weight. Only samples of potatoes and bananas exhibit higher selenium contents. The bananas, probably imported from different areas of the world, show an extremely high variance with values between 4 and 164 ng Se/g. Commercially available ready-for-use meals for infants or young children have a low Se content (median 24 ng/g) which is comparable to cow's milk. Besides eggs, cereals enriched with milk and some other cereal products contain more than 100 ng Se/g.

Food Analysis↗

The infant food industry and international child health.

Declining breast-feeding, with accompanying increased marasmus and diarrhea, has occurred in developing countries because of many factors, including inappropriate health services, new urban life styles, and so forth. The infant food industry must bear a considerable burden of blame as a result of "unethical" advertising. Responses have most recently included various journalistic and legal actions. There is a need for revised roles for the infant food industry, and for mechanisms to monitor intrinsically harmful practices.

Advertising↗

[Advances in the Brazilian norm for commercialization of infant foods].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the advances in the Brazilian norm for commercialization of infant foods from 1988 to 2002, comparing the different texts with each other and with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. METHODS: This was a descriptive study based on data collected from documents, reports, ordinances and resolutions from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The versions utilized in the comparison were from 1992 and 2002. RESULTS: Comparative analysis made it possible to identify important advances in the legislation. In 1992, liquid and powdered milk were included in the scope, along with teats and dummies (pacifiers), and also warning phrases in advertising and on product labeling. In 2002, regulations for products were published by the National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance, thereby strengthening supervisory actions and including regulations for baby foods, nutrient formulae for high-risk newborns, and nipple protectors. The phrases used in commercial advertising and on product labeling, including dummies, teats and bottles, became Ministry of Health warnings. The labeling was defined according to product types, on the basis of more restrictive rules. CONCLUSIONS: Significant modifications in the control over the marketing of products aimed at mothers during the lactation period. However, there are still some legislative questions that would make it possible to improve the Brazilian norm, in order to protect breastfeeding. There is also a need for the government to implement systematic monitoring routines to supervise this legislation.

Brazil↗

Infant foods.

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Humans↗

[Silicon forms and its role in infant food].

This paper presents an attempt to assess the total content of silicon and its potentially bioavailable forms to the baby body in milk nutrient and baby foods. The measurements of the total and bioavailable silicon were conducted with the use of two analytical methods. The method of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used for the determination of total silicon content. Bioavailable silicon was determined by means of visible light spectroscopy (VIS) with ammonium molybdate. In the group milk products the largest amount of total silicon was found in Mlekovita milk -0.54 mg/l, and Humana 2 milk formula contained the largest amount of ionised silicon-0.24 mg/l. In baby foods manufactured by Gerber the total amount of silicon was high and the average content stood at 27 mg/kg in dry matter. The largest amount of total silicon was found in Vegetables and Ham-48.19 mg/kg in dry matter, as well as bioavailable silicon--4.13 mg/kg in dry matter. Compare level of silicon in milk nutrient and baby foods to silicon content in human milk 0.05 mg/l, it was found that large excess of silicon in this foodstuffs.

Animals↗

[Complex formation in manufacturing of infant foods].

Until now the questions related to the character of lipid-protein interaction, the nature and role of their complexes and compounds still remain in dispute. The subjects of this paper are the investigation of the character of lipid-protein interaction during technological treatment of baby food mixtures, the elucidation of technological conditions leading to the formation of such complexes and the optimization of the manufacturing conditions of final products.

Food Technology↗