Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Indication”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical characteristics of nateglinide response as assessed by insulinogenic indices: preliminary study to determine an optimal indication for nateglinide.

Insulin secretion dynamics and response to nateglinide were studied in patients with type 2 diabetes and reduced early-phase insulin secretion. On day 1, 24 patients underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test without taking nateglinide. On day 2, they were given oral nateglinide 90 mg immediately before the oral glucose tolerance test. After glucose loading, insulin levels increased significantly at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the patients took nateglinide, along with insulinogenic indices, the total area under the insulin curve, the area under the 0- to 90-minute insulin curve, and the area under the 90- to 180-minute insulin curve. Both the plasma glucose level at 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes and the total area under the glucose curve were significantly reduced following nateglinide administration. Compared with the low responders (n=13), the high responders (n=11) had a significantly shorter duration of disease, significantly higher insulinogenic indices in the absence of nateglinide administration, and a higher homeostasis model assessment-beta cell performance. Nateglinide demonstrated a rapid-onset and rapid-offset insulin secretion-stimulating effect in this study population. A single dose of nateglinide may be indicated for patients with a relatively high homeostasis model assessment-beta cell performance, a short duration of disease, and relatively high insulinogenic indices prior to nateglinide administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Seasonal variability of benthic indices: an approach to test the applicability of different indices for ecosystem quality assessment.

In recent studies, several benthic biological indices were developed or used to assess the ecological quality status of marine environments. In the present study the seasonal variability of several univariate and multimetric indices was studied on a monthly scale (September 2000 until May 2002) in different areas of the North Sea such as the German Bight, the Oyster Ground and the Dogger Bank. The stations were chosen to reflect a gradient in the hydrographic regime, temperature and organic matter supply. The seasonal variability was highest for the univariate indices such as the Shannon-Wiener Index and the Hurlbert Index. Thus, due to sensitivity to recruitment the corresponding ecological status ranged from 'good' to 'poor' depending on the season. For the multimetric indices such as the AMBI or the BQI the seasonal variability and the corresponding ecological status were low. The results are discussed concerning possible consequences for ecological quality assessment especially related to the Water Framework Directive (WFD).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Process indicators and result indicators in the control of arterial hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To find whether better compliance with the indicators of procedure of a hypertension monitoring programme guarantees better control in the final blood pressure figures. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: Gòtic Area Health Centre, Barcelona. PATIENTS: Annual audit through random sampling of the computerised records of all the hypertense patients attended at the centre in each of 5 years (1992, n = 337; 1993, n = 318; 1994, n = 322; 1995, n = 325; 1996, n = 325). RESULTS: 1. Procedure indicators: complete physical examination took place in 1996 in only 12% of cases, proportion similar to at the start of the development of the programme (12.2%). Completion of at least two of the three records of protocols (complete physical examination, ECG and analysis) dropped during the period and did not cover half the patients. Screening of the various cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) increased markedly in the 1992-1995 period. 2. RESULTS INDICATORS: The proportion of patients under 66 with SP and DP < 140 and 99 mmHg went up from 23.2% in 1992 to 45.2% in 1996. In the over-65 age-group, it went from 58.9% in 1992 to 81.2% in 1996. CONCLUSIONS: The procedure indicators are still useful, in that they are necessary for designing a new hypertension programme. However, we must not forget that any health programme is designed in order to achieve good control and population impact (survival) results. The procedure is only an aid to reach these aims.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Doppler indices of diastolic transmitral flow velocity are invalid indicators of myocardial ischaemia during high-dose dobutamine infusion in anaesthetized patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Doppler echocardiography of diastolic transmitral flow velocity is more sensitive for the detection of myocardial ischaemia in awake patients than echocardiographic analysis of systolic wall motion. However, its diagnostic value in anaesthetized patients is unknown. METHODS: Doppler indices of diastolic transmitral flow velocity previously found to be highly sensitive for detecting ischaemia in awake patients were studied in 72 anaesthetized patients with documented coronary artery disease undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography. These Doppler indices were compared with standard echocardiographic and electrocardiographic criteria for ischaemia. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients showed evidence of ischaemia by standard echocardiographic and/or electrocardiographic criteria, and seven patients did not. Regardless of evidence of ischaemia by standard criteria, the Doppler indices changed similarly in both groups. Accordingly, only a minority of anaesthetized patients displayed the changes in Doppler indices of diastolic transmitral flow previously suggested to be sensitive for detecting ischaemia. CONCLUSIONS: The results do not confirm the diagnostic value of Doppler echocardiography of diastolic transmitral flow velocity for detecting ischaemia in anaesthetized patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography during positive-pressure ventilation of the lungs.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of electrotopological-state indices versus atomic charge and superdelocalisability indices in a QSAR study of the receptor binding properties of halogenated estradiol derivatives.

The structural requirements for the binding of steroids to the oestrogen receptor (ER) are important both for the design of new drugs and to assess the health risks of chemicals with ER affinity. In the present QSAR study of receptor binding affinity (RBA) for estradiol derivatives, the atom-level electrotopological state indices have been compared with molecular orbital derived, atom-level parameters for superdelocalisability and atomic charge. The AM1 Hamiltonian was used to calculate molecular orbital parameters. The predictive power of the QSARs indicated that the superdelocalisability indices provide a better model than the electrotopological state indices, and that the atomic charges resulted in the highest prediction error. The most accurate predictions were achieved when other molecular descriptors were also employed in the construction of the QSAR.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Height-normalized indices of the body's fat-free mass and fat mass: potentially useful indicators of nutritional status.

Expressing fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat mass (BFM) as percentages of body weight or by weight is unsatisfactory. For example, tall patients with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) can exhibit values for FFM and BFM similar to those of shorter well-nourished individuals. To obviate such difficulties, we propose use of height-normalized indices, namely, a FFM index [FFM (kg)/height (m)2, or FFMI] and a BFM index [BFM (kg)/height (m)2, or BFMI]. We calculated these indices in a reference population of 124 healthy young men and in 32 nonobese young men (from the Minnesota Study) before, during, and after experimental semistarvation. When values for FFMI and BFMI falling below the reference cohort's 5th percentile cutoff point were used as a criterion for PEM, these indices, together with basal oxygen-consumption rate, diagnosed PEM in 27 of the 32 Minnesota Study subjects after 12 wk of semi-starvation. These findings indicate that FFMI and BFMI may be useful in nutritional assessment.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

[14C]urea and 58Co-EDTA as reference indicators in hepatic multiple indicator dilution studies.

The space distribution and the processes underlying uptake of tracer substrate may be appraised by the multiple indicator dilution technique, after the simultaneous injection of noneliminated vascular (51Cr-labeled red blood cells), extracellular (125I-labeled albumin and [14C]sucrose for high and low molecular weight interstitial space, respectively), and cellular (3H2O) indicators and tracer substrate. When tracer substrates and/or their metabolites containing 14C or 3H labels are being studied, it becomes necessary to find substitutions for the similarly labeled noneliminated indicators. In red blood cell-perfused rat livers, 58Co-EDTA is found to be a good replacement for the low molecular weight interstitial reference; it has a space distribution indistinguishable from that for [14C]sucrose. [14C]urea and 3H2O, which distribute similarly in red blood cells, have similar outflow dilution profiles. With corrections for minor deviations in recovery [a ratio of 0.936 +/- 0.024 (SD)] and transit time [a ratio of 0.962 +/- 0.008 (SD)], the cellular water space can be closely approximated from the [14C]-urea curve. 58Co-EDTA and [14C]urea are reasonable substitutes for [14C]sucrose and 3H2O, respectively, in multiple indicator dilution liver perfusion studies for investigating transfer and removal characteristics of tracer substrates.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Indicator dilution using a fluorescent indicator.

In vitro and in vivo indicator-dilution measurements are made with a fluorescent indicator and a novel detection system using a catheter containing a single optical fiber that carries both the exciting and returning fluorescent light. These fluorescent-dilution measurements are compared with simultaneous green dye-dilution measurements. The double-indicator-dilution measurement of extravascular lung water using heat and fluorescence is compared with gravimetric measurements. Also investigated is the sensitivity of the fluorescent measurement to changes in O2 saturation and hematocrit of the blood. An example of the measurement of a right-to-left heart shunt with this new indicator is given.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism 1962-1996: indications and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes over the past three decades in the indications for, and outcomes of, surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. DESIGN: Survey of a prospective hospital database. SETTING: Royal North Shore Hospital (a tertiary referral and university teaching hospital), Sydney, New South Wales, January 1962 to December 1996. PATIENTS: All 733 patients who underwent neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism. RESULTS: The annual number of parathyroidectomies increased virtually exponentially, from a mean of two in 1962-1969 to 73 in 1996. In the 1960s and 1970s, the most common indication for surgery was the presence of renal calculi (58% and 43%, respectively), but in the 1980s there was a marked increase in presentation of asymptomatic disease after biochemical screening (19%). In the 1990s, low bone mineral density detected by osteodensitometry has become the most common indication for surgery (31%). After initial operation, 11 patients (2%) had persistent hypercalcaemia, with five of these cured by reoperation--an overall failure rate of 1%. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism has become increasingly common, with low bone mineral density replacing renal calculi as the most common indication for surgery. Neck exploration in experienced hands results in an overall cure rate of 99%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Are mortality indicators acceptable indicators for the quality of health care?].

IMPORTANCE OF PUBLISHING MORTALITY RATES: Mortality rates for certain interventions or disease states have been used over the last decade as indicators of the quality of care provided by a given hospital, unit or, medical team. If published, these rates would be a useful tool for decision makers in the process of fund allocations, for public information, and for promoting improved care in hospitals or units with a low classification. METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS: It is difficult to adjust an indicator of mortality to disease-related risk factors and any modification of this adjustment can have major consequences on the validity of subsequent comparisons. The differences in mortality observed between hospitals and physicians can reflect not only differences in quality of care but also differences in approaches to disease-related risk factors, therapeutic choices, or coding practices. The lack of statistical power is a major limiting factor in interpreting differences in mortality rates. To evidence a statistically significant difference in mortality between two hospitals whose rates are respectively 0.5% and 1% (for example in total hip replacement patients), it would be necessary to include 4673 patients, a number which would correspond to 20 years data for a hospital performing 230 interventions per year. Consequently, the number of interventions performed in the most active hospitals would not be sufficient to make such comparisons. LIMITATIONS AND COUNTER EFFECTS: Some studies have demonstrated that the publication of mortality rates does not have a major influence on patients' decisions nor on physicians' choice of a referral hospital. It would have no effect on improving health care quality of the institutions cited. One the contrary, certain counter effects have been observed: modification in patient recruitment, higher-risk patients being referred to hospitals with unpublished mortality rates. For many authors, procedure indicators are more pertinent than outcome indicators for detecting differences in health care quality between different care structures.

France↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Putting indicators to work. A summary of roundtable presentations on the Latin American and Caribbean experience with environmental health indicators.

A roundtable was held at the conclusion of the formal conference presentations to present and discuss experiences in Latin America and the Caribbean with indicator selection, implementation and use. Four presentations were given covering the following topics: the Pan American Health Organization's (PAHO) implementation of a core indicators program in the Americas; Latin America's use and application of the WHO developed Driving forces, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect, Action framework (DPSEEA) for indicators; the Chilean experience in identifying, selecting and implementing indicators for use throughout the country; and finally, the use and application of the WHO DPSEEA framework to the issue of water quality monitoring in Brazil. Each paper presented a summary of knowledge gained to date from their experience and some of the strengths and challenges identified from the various approaches taken. The summary presented here provides a brief overview of the presentations given at the workshop.

Caribbean Region↗
PubMed2004

Cochlear implants: indications in groups of patients with borderline indications. A review.

Cochlear implants (CI) represent the current treatment for patients affected by profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Initially only deaf adult patients were considered to be candidates for a CI; however, the development of technology and matured experience have expanded the indications for cochlear implantation. Today, CIs are implanted in adults and children and broader indications are followed. There are, however, a number of patients who do not completely fulfill the current indications and who are potential candidates for CI. The duration of deafness and residual hearing represent prognostic indicators for CI performance; however, the candidacy of children with residual hearing and prelingually deafened adults are still under debate. Anatomical variants such as cochlear ossification, cochlear malformation and chronic otitis media represented and still represent for some surgeons a contraindication to CI. The otological experience of CI surgeons and the advent of auditory brainstem implants have changed the approach to these patients, who may still benefit from hearing rehabilitation. This paper briefly analyses and reviews the results obtained in these groups of patients, who were not, at least initially, considered to be candidates for cochlear implantation.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1984

[Extended indication for hysterectomy. Changes in the incidence and indications in hysterectomy within 2 decades].

At the Gynaecological Department of the Medical Hospital of the University of Hannover, the medical reports of two periods (1960 to 1963 and 1978 to 1980) were employed to investigate hysterectomies and a number of uterus-preserving procedures, the indications for which could also have served as an indication for hysterectomy. As compared with the first period, the average hysterectomy rate per age group was almost twice as high in the second period, while uterus-preserving surgery was virtually insignificant in the later period. In the second period, patients were younger and had less severe complaints. In the second period, sterilization and carcinoma prophylaxis represented major secondary indications for the operation. Overall, the result point to a considerable expansion of indications in the second period. However, owing to the fact that the operation carries a risk that cannot be neglected, sterilization of carcinoma prophylaxis alone cannot be considered a sufficient reason for hysterectomy.

Female↗
PubMed1991

D2O as a substitute for 3H2O, as a reference indicator in liver multiple-indicator dilution studies.

The hepatic space of distribution and the processes underlying uptake of tracer substrate may be appraised by the multiple-indicator dilution technique after simultaneous injection of noneliminated vascular (51Cr-labeled red blood cells), extracellular 125I-labeled albumin and [14C]sucrose (or [58Co]EDTA) as high- and low-molecular-weight interstitial references, respectively], and cellular (3H2O or [14C]urea) indicators, together with the tracer-labeled substrate. The use of 3H2O or [14C]urea, with [14C]- or [3H]sucrose, however, precludes the simultaneous introduction and analysis of the behavior of 3H- and 14C-labeled substrate and metabolite. An assay for the quantitation of D2O in plasma by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was therefore developed such that D2O could be used in lieu of 3H2O in multiple-indicator dilution studies in the blood-perfused rat liver. In experiments performed with an injection dose containing 51Cr-labeled red blood cells, 125I-labeled albumin, [14C]sucrose, 3H2O, and D2O, D2O was found to behave virtually identical to 3H2O in blood and liver; the accessible cellular water spaces were 0.625 and 0.621 ml/g liver for 3H2O and D2O, respectively, and the corresponding ratios of the sum of the cellular water plus the interstitial water space to the sinusoidal water space were 3.87 and 3.89. D2O was found to be an ideal substitute and is much superior to [14C]urea, which exhibits a small red blood cell carriage effect and which is slightly less dispersed than 3H2O.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Indicators of health and well-being in Iceland and Sweden. A comparative study of various indicators concerning standards of living and mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To study various indicators concerning health and well-being in two Nordic countries with special attention to standards of living and mortality. DESIGN: Comparative study of the mortality rates from various causes of death during the years 1983-1992 and some indicators of standard of living derived from official reports and registers in Iceland and Sweden. SETTING, SUBJECTS: The total populations of Iceland and Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates, indicators of living standard, gross domestic product and demographic variables such as divorces and unemployment. RESULTS: The mortality rates for all causes of death were similar for women in Iceland and Sweden during 1983-1992 but were lower for men in Iceland than in Sweden. The mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases decreased during the study period. The rates for malignant disease were higher in Iceland for both men and women. Iceland has a larger population growth but a much lower population density. Most of the demographic variables were similar in the two countries. Unemployment rates were higher in Sweden. CONCLUSION: In spite of large similarities between Iceland and Sweden in socio-demographic variables there are substantial differences in mortality rates between the countries. The causes for these mortality differences are obscure and should be further investigated.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed2006

Monitoring reproductive health in Europe: what are the best indicators of reproductive health? A need for evidence-based quality indicators of reproductive health care.

Monitoring reproductive health by the Reprostat indicators in Europe will facilitate the transparency of reproductive health as well as comparisons over time and between countries. However, for the monitoring and improvement of reproductive health care, we suggest the systematic development of evidence-based quality indicators, especially process and structure indicators.

Europe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability testing of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators pressure ulcer indicator.

A criterion-referenced Web-based test was designed and administered to 256 individuals at 48 randomly sampled National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) member hospitals to determine the reliability of the NDNQI pressure ulcer indicator. Overall kappa values for pressure ulcer identification, staging, and sourcing indicate moderate to near perfect reliability. Findings suggest that nurses can accurately differentiate pressure ulcers from other ulcerous wounds in Web-based photographs, reliably stage pressure ulcers, and reliably identify community versus nosocomial pressure ulcers.

American Nurses' Association↗
PubMed1977

Indications and contra-indications for perforation keratoplasty.

Thirty years' experience with perforating keratoplasty has shown us new indications for this technique, but certainly also new contra-indications. At first the prognosis of perforating keratoplasty improved because of better surgical techniques, so that the number of indications increased. Recently a better prognosis for heavily vascularized eyes has become possible thanks to HLA-matched donor material.

Age Factors↗