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PubMed1992

A comparison of radiographic interpretation of silica exposed workers using the 1963 and the 1986 Chinese roentgenodiagnostic criteria of pneumoconioses.

As part of a larger study relating to silica exposure, silicosis, and lung cancer mortality in Chinese mine and factory workers, 1936 old posterior-anterior chest X-rays were re-interpreted according to the 1986 Chinese Roentgenodiagnostic Criteria of pneumoconioses. Each film was independently read by three individuals from a panel of eleven radiologists, and this reading was compared to the original one. Subsequent to the independent readings, a groups of three readers interpreted the films together, called the consensus readings. Comparisons were made by Chinese stage of pneumoconiosis. For the entire cohort, there was a crude agreement of 57.4% between the old and the new interpretations. Agreement within one step of full agreement was 92.5%. The interpretations done by median reading and by consensus were very similar. In general, there was a tendency for the old readings to be slightly higher compared to the new interpretations. This tendency was most marked in the tin mines, followed in decreasing order by the iron/copper mines, the potteries, and the tungsten mines. The agreement between the old and new interpretations is felt to be satisfactory.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Identification of a DNA segment containing the human DNA polymerase alpha gene.

We isolated a temperature-sensitive mutant from mouse FM3A cells, designated as tsFT20, the DNA polymerase alpha activity of which is heat-labile. A hybrid clone (M6-39 cells) between human cells and tsFT20 cells contained one or two human chromosomes. M6-39 cells (primary hybrid) were exposed to gamma-ray and re-fused with tsFT20, after which we isolated two temperature-resistant secondary hybrids, both of which retained an identical minute portion of the human chromosome, 400-500 kilobase pairs (kbp). Immunological studies demonstrated that this secondary hybrid expressed human DNA polymerase alpha. Thus, the human DNA polymerase alpha gene was located within a DNA region of 400-500 kbp.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of chromosome damage based on the time course of aberrations.

PURPOSE: To describe a method for the analysis of radiation induced chromosome aberrations which will in particular be suitable for the comparison of different radiation qualities. The method is applied to previously published data. METHODS: The basic idea of the approach is to use the time-course of aberrations up to the time when all cells have passed through first mitosis. Instead of comparing data obtained at a single sampling time, the number of aberrant cells or aberrations is integrated over several sampling times. The integral represents a measure of the total fraction of cells showing aberrations and the total amount of aberrations induced in the irradiated cell population. In addition, a correction factor is applied which takes into account the dilution of heavily damaged cells at late sampling times by cell division of undamaged or less severely damaged cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Previously published data on the induction of chromosome aberrations by 4.6 MeV/u Ar ions and X-rays are re-analysed using the new approach. It is demonstrated that this method allows a better comparison of experiments using extremely different radiation qualities and consequently different cell cycle perturbations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Humeral fractures with radial nerve injuries].

There are, predominantly, two methods in the operative treatment of a humerus's fracture accompanied by a lesion of a radial nerve, as discussed by the author in his paper. He points out that recently such traumas have become more frequent, and should be treated either by a reposition of fractured fragments by AO osteosynthesis, or by Kirschner's nail placed intramedullary (Hackethal's method). In all traumatized patients showing clinical signs of a radial nerve's lesion, this nerve must first be revised, intraoperatively well presented, and then a perineurolysis should be done. Finally, the nerve should be put in its correct anatomical position, on the muscle, or medially on the humerus. Following the surgery, a mobilization and rehabilitation should be done as soon as possible. In the postoperative follow-up, a callus formation should be monitored by X-ray, and re-innvervation monitored by electromyography.

Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary↗
PubMed1995

[A recurrence of benign fibrous mesothelioma of the pleura: a case report].

A 64-year-old man who complained of the right chest pain was admitted in our hospital. A mass shadow which revealed the extrapleural sign was shown in the chest X-ray. This patient was performed thoracotomy and a tumor invading to the intercostal muscles was resected. Pathological diagnosis was benign fibrous mesothelioma. About 10 months after this operation, we suspected the local recurrence of the tumor on the chest X-ray. The re-operation was performed, and we resected the recurrent tumor and the 2nd and 3rd ribs. Pathologically the resected tumor was benign fibrous mesothelioma.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[A case of spontaneous pneumothorax due to metastasis of urinary bladder carcinoma to the lung].

We reported a case of spontaneous pneumothorax associated with pulmonary metastasis of urinary bladder carcinoma. A 73-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain and dyspnea was admitted, who had undergone transurethral resection of the urinary bladder carcinoma and diagnosis of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis based on the chest X-ray film finding one year previously. On admission, chest X-ray film showed right pneumothorax, and the re-expanded chest X-ray film revealed a cystic lesion in the right upper lung field adjacent to the anterior chest wall, corresponding to the previous pulmonary lesion. Three months later, right thoracotomy was performed because of relapse accompanying by profuse air-leakage. There was a pleural fistula on the surface of the cystic lesion and necrotic tissue in it. Drainage bronchi were involved by surrounding tumorous tissue. Histological examination of the specimen from the cyst wall disclosed metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The probable mechanism of the spontaneous pneumothorax probable consisted of stenosis of the right B3 bronchus caused by the metastatic tumor produced a check valve mechanism leading to cystic lesion, the rupture of which caused the spontaneous pneumothorax.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Regeneration of re-covered bark in Eucommia ulmoides.

The girdled trunk of Eucommia ulmoides, sometimes could not regenerate a new bark due to ringed surface necrosis. But, if an extension of 10cm of the bark on each end of the necrotic part was removed in time and re-covered with new bark taken from another tree, the re-covered bark and the newly girdled part could heal together one week after. Opposite to the necrotic surface the loose part of the re-covered bark regenerated callus from the phloem ray cells. If the re-covered part was very close to the necrotic surface, no callus was regenerated. However, many scattered tracheid-like elements derived from phloem were found. And then groups of cells including several tracheid-like elements were discernible. There was a ring of meristematic cells around that group of cells. Finally these meristems gradually became normal and had usual activities of vascular cambium.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional↗
PubMed1999

Reactions of Nitridorhenium(V) and -Osmium(VI) Complexes with Acylating Agents.

Interaction of Re(N)L(2) [L = N(PSPh(2))(2)] 1 with (CF(3)CO)(2)O or RCOCl afforded air-sensitive acylimido-Re(V) complexes trans-Re[NC(O)CF(3)](OCOCF(3))L(2) 2 or trans-Re[NC(O)R]ClL(2) (R = CCl(2)H 3, CClH(2) 4, CH(3) 5), respectively. Treatment of 1 with (CX(3)CO)(2)O followed by recrystallization from CH(2)Cl(2)/hexane in air led to the formation of the corresponding parent imido complexes trans-Re(NH)(OCOCX(3))L(2) (X = F 6, Cl 7). The structure of 7 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The Re-N, average Re-S, and Re-O distances are 1.664(3), 2.441, and 2.116(3) Å, respectively. Deprotonation of 6 or 7 with Et(3)N gave 1. Recrystallization of 3 from CH(2)Cl(2)/hexane in air resulted in oxo-imido exchange and the isolation of the oxo-Re(V) species trans-Re(O)ClL(2). Treatment of 1 with tosyl anhydride gave trans-Re(NH)(OTs)L(2) (OTs = tosyl) 8. Reaction of [n-Bu(4)N][OsNCl(4)] with KL afforded trans-Os(N)ClL(2) 9, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The Os-N, Os-Cl, and average Os-S bond distances in 9 are 1.64(1), 2.577(4), and 2.429 Å, respectively. Treatment of 10 with (CF(3)CO)(2)O, Ag(CF(3)CO(2)), or CF(3)CO(2)H resulted in chloride substitution and the formation of trans-Os(N)(OCOCF(3))L(2) 10. The Os-N, Os-O, and average Os-S distances in 10 are 1.643(5), 2.271(4), and 2.419 Å, respectively. Treatment of 1 with [Ph(3)C]BF(4) resulted in the isolation of trans-Re(NCPh(3))(F)L(2) 11, presumably via the cationic tritylimido intermediate [Re(NCPh(3))L(2)](+). Reaction of 9 with [Ph(3)C]BF(4) led to chloride abstraction and the formation of five-coordinate [Os(N)L(2)]BF(4) 12. The Os-N and average Os-S distances in 12 are 1.646(5) and 2.364 Å, respectively.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

REMGa3Ge and RE3Ni3Ga8Ge3 (M = Ni, Co; RE = rare-earth element): new intermetallics synthesized in liquid gallium. X-ray, electron, and neutron structure determination and magnetism.

New quaternary intermetallic phases REMGa(3)Ge (1) (RE = Y, Sm, Tb, Gd, Er, Tm; M = Ni, Co) and RE(3)Ni(3)Ga(8)Ge(3) (2) (RE = Sm, Gd) were obtained from exploratory reactions involving rare-earth elements (RE), transition metal (M), Ge, and excess liquid Ga the reactive solvent. The crystal structures were solved with single-crystal X-ray and electron diffraction. The crystals of 1 and 2 are tetragonal. Single-crystal X-ray data: YNiGa(3)Ge, a = 4.1748(10) A, c = 23.710(8) A, V = 413.24(2) A(3), I4/mmm, Z = 4; Gd(3)Ni(3)Ga(8)Ge(3), a = 4.1809(18) A, c = 17.035(11) A, V = 297.8(3) A(3), P4/mmm, Z = 1. Both compounds feature square nets of Ga atoms. The distribution of Ga and Ge atoms in the REMGa(3)Ge was determined with neutron diffraction. The neutron experiments revealed that in 1 the Ge atoms are specifically located at the 4e crystallographic site, while Ga atoms are at 4d and 8g. The crystal structures of these compounds are related and could be derived from the consecutive stacking of disordered [MGa](2) puckered layers, monatomic RE-Ge planes and [MGa(4)Ge(2)] slabs. Complex superstructures with modulations occurring in the ab-plane and believed to be associated with the square nets of Ga atoms were found by electron diffraction. The magnetic measurements show antiferromagnetic ordering of the moments located on the RE atoms at low temperature, and Curie-Weiss behavior at higher temperatures with the values of mu(eff) close to those expected for RE(3+) free ions.

Electrons↗
PubMed2004

Rhenium-to-benzoylpyridine and rhenium-to-bipyridine MLCT excited states of fac-[Re(Cl)(4-benzoylpyridine)(2)(CO)(3)] and fac-[Re(4-benzoylpyridine)(CO)(3)(bpy)](+): a time-resolved spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical study.

The lowest allowed electronic transition of fac-[Re(Cl)(CO)(3)(bopy)(2)] (bopy = 4-benzoylpyridine) has a Re --> bopy MLCT character, as revealed by UV-vis and stationary resonance Raman spectroscopy. Accordingly, the lowest-lying, long-lived, excited state is Re --> bopy (3)MLCT. Electronic depopulation of the Re(CO)(3) unit and population of a bopy pi orbital upon excitation are evident by the upward shift of nu(CO) vibrations and a downward shift of the ketone nu(C=O) vibration, respectively, seen in picosecond time-resolved IR spectra. Moreover, reduction of a single bopy ligand in the (3)MLCT excited state is indicated by time-resolved visible and resonance Raman (TR(3)) spectra that show features typical of bopy(*)(-). In contrast, the lowest allowed electronic transition and lowest-lying excited state of a new complex fac-[Re(bopy)(CO)(3)(bpy)](+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) have been identified as Re --> bpy MLCT with no involvement of the bopy ligand, despite the fact that the first reduction of this complex is bopy-localized, as was proven spectroelectrochemically. This is a rare case in which the localizations of the lowest MLCT excitation and the first reduction are different. (3)MLCT excited states of both fac-[Re(Cl)(CO)(3)(bopy)(2)] and fac-[Re(bopy)(CO)(3)(bpy)](+) are initially formed vibrationally hot. Their relaxation is manifested by picosecond dynamic shifts of nu(C(triple bond)O) IR bands. The X-ray structure of fac-[Re(bopy)(CO)(3)(bpy)]PF(6).CH(3)CN has been determined.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Syntheses and reactivity of 'sulfur rich' Re(iii) and Tc(iii) complexes containing trithioperoxybenzoate, dithiobenzoate and dithiocarbamate ligands.

Reduction-substitution reactions of [M(O)Cl(4)](-)(M=Re, (99)Tc) precursors with an excess of substituted dithiobenzoate ligands (R-PhCS(2))(-) in dichloromethane/methanol mixtures afford a series of six-coordinated neutral mixed-ligand complexes of the type M(III)(R-PhCS(3))(2)(R-PhCS(2))(M=Re; Rel--9; M=99)Tc; Tel--9). The coordination sphere is entirely filled by sulfur donor atoms, and the complexes adopt a distorted trigonal prismatic arrangement, as assessed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis of Re(4-Me-PhCS(3))(2)(4-Me-PhCS(2)), Re 2. These compounds show sharp proton and carbon NMR profiles, in agreement with the diamagnetism typical of low spin d(4) trigonal prismatic configurations. The red-ox processes involve reduction of the metal from Re(v) to Re(iii) and oxidation of dithiobenzoate to trithioperoxybenzoate. M2--9 complexes contain a substitution-inert [M(R-PhCS(3))(2)](+) moiety including the metal and two trithioperoxybenzoate fragments, while the third dithiobenzoate ligand is labile. The latter is efficiently replaced by reaction with better nucleophiles such as diethyldithiocarbamate giving a further class of mixed ligand complexes of the type M(III)(R-PhCS(3))(2)(Et(2)NCS(2))(M=Re; Re 10--18; M=(99)Tc; Tc--18), which retain the trigonal prismatic arrangement, as determined by the X-ray analyses of the representative compounds Re(PhCS(3))(2)(Et(2)NCS(2)), Re 10 and (99)Tc(PhCS(3))(2)(Et(2)NCS(2)), Tc 10.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Mixed chloride/phosphine complexes of the dirhenium core. 10. Redox reactions of an edge-sharing dirhenium(III) non-metal-metal-bonded complex, Re(2)(mu-Cl)(2)Cl(4)(PMe(3))(4).

Reduction and oxidation reactions of the dirhenium(III) non-metal-metal-bonded edge-sharing complex, Re(2)(mu-Cl)(2)Cl(4)(PMe(3))(4) (1), have been studied. Several new mono- and dinuclear rhenium compounds have been isolated and structurally characterized in the course of this study. Reductions of 1 with 1 and 2 equiv of KC(8) result in an unusual face-sharing complex having an Re(2)(5+) core, Re(2)(mu-Cl)(3)Cl(2)(PMe(3))(4) (2), and a triply bonded Re(II) compound, 1,2,7,8-Re(2)Cl(4)(PMe(3))(4) (3), respectively. Two-electron reduction of 1 in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride affords a new triply bonded complex of the Re(2)(4+) core, [Bu(n)()(4)N][1,2,7-Re(2)Cl(5)(PMe(3))(3)] (4). Oxidation of 1 with NOBF(4) yields a Re(IV) mononuclear compound, trans-ReCl(4)(PMe(3))(2) (5). Two isomers of the monomeric Re(III) anion, [ReCl(4)(PMe(3))(2)](-) (6, 7), have been isolated as side products. The crystal structures of compounds 2 and 4-7 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The Re-Re distance in the face-sharing complex 2 of 2.686(1) A is relatively short. The metal-metal bond length in anion 4 of 2.2354(7) A is consistent with the usual values for the triply bonded Re(2)(4+) core compounds. In addition, a cis arrangement of trimethylphosphine ligands in the starting material 1 is retained upon reduction in the dinuclear products 2-4.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Synchrotron X-ray studies of Al(1-y)Ti(y) formation and re-hydriding inhibition in Ti-enhanced NaAlH4.

NaAlH4 samples with Ti additives (TiCl3, TiF3, and Ti(OBu)4) have been investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction in order to unveil the nature of Ti. No crystalline Ti-containing phases were observed after ball milling of NaAlH4 with the additives, neither as a solid solution in NaAlH4 nor as secondary phases. However, after cycling, a high-angle shoulder of Al is observed in the same position with 10% TiCl3 as that with 2% Ti(OBu)4, but with considerably higher intensity, indicating that the shoulder is caused by Ti. After prolonged reabsorption, there is only a small fraction of free Al phase left to react with Na3AlH6, whereas the shoulder caused by Al(1-y)Ti(y) is dominating. The Ti-containing phase causing the shoulder therefore contains less Ti than Al3Ti, and the aluminum in this phase is too strongly bound to react with Na3AlH6 to form NaAlH4. The composition of the Al(1-y)Ti(y) phase is estimated from quantitative phase analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data to be Al(0.85)Ti(0.15). Formation of this phase may explain the reduction of capacity beyond the theoretical reduction from the dead weight of the additive and the reaction between the additive and NaAlH4.

Journal Article↗