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PubMed2005

Biorational approaches for insect control by enzymatic inhibition.

Conventional insecticides are highly toxic to many living organisms as well as to the environment; consequently, new biorational and more specific approaches to pest control have been developed. In this paper, we present an update of those approaches resulting from studies on inhibition of enzymes involved in key processes of insects life, particularly growth, molting and development of larvae and intraspecific communication of adults. The enzymes covered include pheromone degrading enzymes, pheromone biosynthetic enzymes, oxidoreductases, juvenile hormones, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases, proteases, molting hormones and phenoloxidases. Although these approaches refer to control of insect pests, many of them can be in principle also considered suitable for medicinal chemistry studies, since the mechanism of action of these inhibitors on related enzymes is quite similar, if not equal, in both fields.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Insect control in mainland China. Good progress has been made through combining the knowledge and methods of scientists and farmers.

On the whole, one must say in all fairness that good progress has been made. So far, the regime's achievements reflect credit more on contributions from other countries, especially the United States, than on the creative work of its own entomologists. In a decade or so, Communist China may approach Western standards in applied entomology, but her contributions to basic research will be spotty at best. According to a statement made in 1956 by an Indian delegation which visited China (30), "There is no technical measure in the field of agriculture practiced in China which is really new. But it is the manner in which these technical measures are being implemented which is remarkable."

Agriculture↗
PubMed1976

Public health advantages of biological insect controls.

Biological control is not new, it is simply newly appreciated. This renewed appreciation stems from the widespread insecticide treadmill which is largely a product of insecticide disruption of the balance of insect communities. Biological control is a natural phenomenon; the regulation of plant and animal numbers by natural enemies. In this broad sense, biological control is vital to public health because it keeps the myriad insect species from out-competing us. It also has direct public health advantages as where natural enemies are manipulated to control disease vectoring insects. Insecticide distruption of biological control by insecticides and the resulting pesticide treadmill have serious public health implications. One is the increased pesticide load in the environment. The other is the acceleration of pesticide resistance in disease vectoring insects. The treadmill and its associated hazards will not abate so long as chemical control dominates our pest management strategy.

Environmental Health↗