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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Inhibition of mixed function oxidases in rat liver by trans- and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.

A single 8-h exposure to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE) or cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE) at 200 ppm (hygienic standard in workplaces) resulted in a significant increase in the hexobarbital sleeping time, the zoxazolamine paralysis time, and the metabolic formation of 4-aminoantipyrine from aminopyrine in adult female Wistar rats. Higher DCE concentrations caused a dose-dependent and substantial enhancement of these effects, the effects of c-DCE being stronger than that of t-DCE. In the course of enzyme-kinetic measurements in isolated rat liver microsomes, t-DCE proved to be a competitive inhibitor of the oxidative N-demethylation of aminopyrine and of the O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole. It is concluded from the results that the inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism is caused by a competitive and reversible interaction of the 2 DCE isomers with the mixed-function oxidase system, the interaction possibly operating at the type I binding site.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriological efficiency of a standardized cleansing and disinfection technique for duodenoscopes.

Adequate cleansing and disinfection of the endoscopes is desirable to prevent bacteriaemia and septicemia following gastrointestinal endoscopy, especially endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and duodenoscopic sphincterotomy. A practical method, proved in our department over a period of 12 months, is described. As the result of this standardized cleansing and disinfection technique using the aldehyde derivative Gigasept (succine dialdehyde and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran) in a 10% concentration as chemical disinfectant, sterile cultures from the biopsy channel were obtained in 75% of tested instruments. The remaining fiberscopes exhibited only a few bacteria left, resulting in a sufficient success of disinfection according to hygienic standards.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1977

Periodontal surgery in plaque-infected dentitions.

A clinical trial was performed to study the result of periodontal treatment following different modes of periodontal surgery in patients not recalled for maintenance care. The material consisted of 25 patients distributed into 5 groups. Following an initial examination, all patients underwent presurgical treatment including case presentation and instruction in oral hygiene measures. This instruction was given once. The various patient groups were then subjected to one of the following surgical procedures: 1) the apically repositioned flap operation including elimination of bony defects 2) the apically repositioned flap operation including curettage of bony defects but without removal of bone 3) the "Widman flap" technique including elimination of bony defects 4) the "Widman flap" technique including curettage of bony defects but without removal of bone 5) gingivectomy including curettage of bony defects but without removal of bone. Six, 12 and 24 months after completion of the treatment, the patients were recalled for assessment of their oral hygiene standard and periodontal conditions. The results showed that case presentation and oral hygiene instruction given once, only temporarily improved the patient's oral hygiene habits. Renewed accumulation of plaque in the operated areas resulted in recurrence of periodontal disease including a significant further loss of attachment. All five different techniques for surgical pocket elimination were equally ineffective in preventing recurrence of destructive periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Experimental study of biological effects of leads and aluminum following oral administration.

A wide spectrum of the biological effects of lead and aluminum ions is noted during short-term and long-term oral administration to laboratory animals. The general toxic and gonadotoxic effects of these metals during a short-term experiment appeared to be identical, and the correlation of these effects was preserved during chronic experiments. Lead (0.03 mg/l.) and aluminum (0.5 mg/l.) concentrations in water may be dangerous to the health of the population, and hygienic standards are recommended for inclusion in the standard for drinking water quality.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

[Contemporary problems of industrial toxicology].

The author presents the present -- day position and developmental trends of industrial toxicology studies, relating this specialty to other hygiene branches, especially to natural environment protection. Disproportions in the development of this line of studies was indicated, as opposed to the progress in technique and technology. These disproportions are most evident when we compare the number of chemicals for whose some data determining their biological effects have been collected, with over 4 mln. chemical compounds used in our economy. The main general problems to be solved in the nearest future are: scientific and technical information and establishment, at an international level, of basic definitions, criteria of toxicity evaluation and occupational risk, related classification and bases constituting a starting point for establishing the hygienic standards (MAC). In addition, current orientation of studies in narrower specialties within industrial toxicology was discussed, i.e. experimental toxicology, chemical air analysis, toxicological biochemistry, chemical substances metabolism in organism, pathology of acute and chronic intoxications. The development of new narrow specialties and new problems was pointed out, in view of their perspective significance for the health protection of workers occupationally exposed to chemicals. Among those problems are: remote effects of exposure to chemicals, especially the problem of industiral carcinogenesis, combined effects of poisons, and so called behavioral toxicology. It was noted that the present knowledge of carcinogenic effects of chemicals permits to gradually set up efficient preventive measures, conditioned by implementation of systems of occupational risk control and the control of health effects of exposure.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1979

[Microclimate parameter study in a building for the cage battery raising of small pigs].

An experiment was carried out in a reconstructed building for cell-battery rearing of young pigs, heated by two petroleum calorifers. Six to eight pigs were placed in a cell in 4 row-cell batteries at two storeys. Ventilation was realized by sucking ventilators, situated along the ridge of the building. Temperature and relative air humidity were measured at 7, 14 and 21 o'clock. The gas composition and the air movement rate were periodically investigated. It was established that at temperatures in the region below 0 degrees C regime for that category of pigs cannot be maintained with the accepted heating constructions. The gas composition standards established and the rate of air movement are within the range of hygienic standards. At the level of the second cell and crosswise to the building slighter temperature differences were observed and the temperature was higher. The conclusion is made that the chosen ventilation scheme and equipment for heating do not ensure optimal and uniform temperature-moisture regime in the premises.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Practical aspects of toxoplasmosis].

Progress during the last 10 years in parasitologic, epidemiologic and clinical areas has led to new insight concerning toxoplasmosis. Many earlier beliefs concerning toxoplasmosis must be revised. One of these is that dogs or other domestic animals are a source of infection for man. Only domestic cats excrete in their feces toxoplasma oocysts which are potentially infectious for man; oocysts, however, have little importance under living conditions in Central Europe. Concern about connatal transmission of toxoplasma by mothers who have been infected prior to conception is now considered baseless. Only a primary infection during pregnancy constitutes a certain danger for the fetus and chemotherapy is suggested. The former clinical concept of toxoplasmic endometritis was never confirmed by histopathology. The same applies to specific placental changes supposedly due to toxoplasma infection which could lead to abortion. In spite of the usefulness of serologic evidence for clinical diagnosis, there is no danger for the fetus when a mother has a high antibody titer prior to pregnancy; the mother could be regarded as vaccinated. Appropriate information should be supplied in the "motherhood-passport" use in Germany to avoid worrying a mother with positive titer, and to congratulating a woman with negative findings for her hygienic standard. Only in case of primary infection during pregnancy a certain danger of infection and disease for the child exists. However if treated the chemotherapeutic treatment significantly reduces the risk.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1978

[Preventive intervention during the planning of a new factory: contribution of an occupational medicine service on installation of a ceramic dye-producing plant].

The control during the planning of a factory is a sort of prevention. For instance, we suggested industrial hygiene standards for a new chemical plant, which have been into account. According to our suggestions they set up a closed factory process, a dust and fumes filtering plant and the water recycle. After some controls outside the factory, lead and dust concentrations were below the maximum allowed levels (30 and 5 mg/Nmc).

Air Pollutants↗