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PubMed1989

[Neonatal levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone--early diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome].

The authors submit the results of 17-hydroxyprogesterone estimations in serum of healthy neonates after birth and during the first days of life. The 17-hydroxyprogesterone level declines markedly after birth to the fourth day after birth in infants of both sexes. The levels recorded in infants above 4 days (8.4 +/- 3.4 nmol/l) will serve as normal values in the diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome caused by the block of 21-hydroxylase steroids. Estimation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in umbilical blood cannot be used for the diagnosis of AGS in neonates.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed2002

Effect of prenatal exposure to hydroxyprogesterone on steroidogenic enzymes in male rats.

Pregnant Wistar strain albino rats were administered hydroxyprogesterone and the steroidogenic potential of the testis was analysed in the next generation adult male rats. In utero exposure to supranormal levels (10 mg/kg body weight or 25 mg/kg body weight) of hydroxyprogesterone decreased the activity levels of marker steroidogenic enzymes (3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) of adult (mature) rat testis. Hydroxyprogesterone mediation in the suppression of rat testicular steroidogenesis is suggested, which can be correlated to the observed decrease in male reproductive potential in mammals exposed to female hormones during embryonic development.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed2005

Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone serum values in male patients with acne.

BACKGROUND: Androgen excess may provoke or aggravate acne by inducing seborrhea. In women, androgen disorders are frequently suspected when acne is accompanied by hirsutism or irregularities of the menstrual cycle. In men, however, acne may be the only sign of androgen excess. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate whether male patients with acne display pathologic androgen blood values. METHODS: This case-control study at a university dermatology department with referred and unreferred patients investigated male acne patients (n = 82, consecutive sample) in whom the diagnosis of mild to severe acne was made, as well as a control group of men without acne (n = 38). The main outcome measures were androgen parameters including morning values of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone; as well as a corticotropin stimulation test. RESULTS: 17-Hydroxyprogesterone levels were significantly higher (P = .01) in acne patients than in the control group, whereas the other parameters did not differ significantly. In addition, the corticotropin stimulation test revealed abnormal 17-hydroxyprogesterone induction values in 10 of 82 patients. LIMITATIONS: The analysis is limited to a selection of androgen parameters. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in men irregularities of adrenal steroid metabolism may be a factor contributing to acne.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed2006

Clinical determination of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in serum by LC-MS/MS: comparison to Coat-A-Count RIA method.

17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone is a metabolic precursor of cortisol; elevated levels of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone are indicative of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Traditional determination by immunoassay is plagued by poor antibody specificity, resulting in significant interferences. This study explores an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of 17OHP in serum. Deuterated 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was added as internal standard, followed by solid-phase extraction, HPLC separation with a C16-amide reverse-phase column with run time of 7 min, and quantification by MS/MS (positive electrospray ionisation) in the selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). Transitions monitored were 331>109 for the analyte and 339>113 for the deuterated internal standard. Intra-assay precision (%R.S.D.) was 7.4% at 7 nmol/L, inter-assay precision (%R.S.D.) at 2, 7 and 27 nmol/L was 15.4, 10.0 and 7.9% and accuracy at 0.9 nmol/L was 100%. The method was linear from 0.156 to 80 nmol/L. Lower limit of quantitation was 0.2 nmol/L, providing meaningful data for patients within normal range as well as those with elevated levels.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed2005

Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on the reduction of progesterone to 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in rat liver.

The first aim of this study is to characterize the reduction of progesterone in rat liver. Progesterone was mainly reduced to 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the cytosolic fraction of rat liver. The amount of 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone formed from progesterone in the cytosolic fraction was significantly larger in the males than in the females and this enzyme reaction proceeded not only in the presence of NADPH, but also in the presence of NADH. Furthermore, we attempted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of 15 flavonoids on the NADPH-dependent reduction of progesterone to 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in liver cytosol of male rats. The order of the inhibitory potencies was luteolin>apigenin>quercetin>myricetin=fisetin=kaempferol. Other flavonoids exhibited lower inhibitory potencies. Energy-minimized molecular models demonstrated that a planar benzopyrone ring (A and C rings) with a coplanar phenyl ring (B ring) is a structural characteristic determining the inhibitory effects of flavonoids other than isoflavones.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Serum progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, and prolactin in early pregnancy and a case of spontaneous abortion.

Sequential serum samples were obtained from each of seven healthy volunteers whose dates of conception were carefully monitored, with the use of artificial insemination techniques. Progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, beta-hCG, and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay, utilizing specific antibodies. Of the seven initial volunteers, six women delivered viable, healthy infants. The seventh woman aborted spontaneously during the 10th week after conception. In the control patients, the levels for beta-hCG rose in a predictable fashion, rising to mean peak levels (10,000 mIU/ml) by the 8th week after conception. Progesterone concentrations gradually increased and plateaued from the 3rd to the 9th week. Mean progesterone values during that time period ranged from 20.6 to 24.6 ng/ml. The mean peak values of 4 ng/ml 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was reached by the 3rd week after conception, gradually declining to luteal levels by the 8th week after conception. Prolactin remained below 30 ng/ml until the 7th week after conception, increasing gradually thereafter. This study failed to show that 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was a reliable marker of corpus luteum function in pregnancy. Endocrine parameters reliably predicted fetal jeopardy in the abortion patient.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2000

Development of a plasma 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone time resolved-fluorescence immunoassay involving a new biotinylated tracer.

A biotinylated 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone probe (3) was prepared from 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone-3-carboxymethyloxime and conjugate obtained by acylation of biotinylaminopropylammonium trifluroacetate. This new tracer was used in the development of a 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay using streptavidin-europium. The new method was compared to a long-standing radioimmunoassay method and found to be more sensitive and economical.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1975

Early diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

Plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone was measured by a simple radioimmunoassay technique in six infants, aged 3 days to 3 months, with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hormonal levels in this group were compared to those of twenty normal newborns and to those found in sixty samples of umbilical vein blood from normal deliveries. Plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were markedly elevated in all congenital adrenal hyperplasia infants (range 544.7-1837 nmol/l, normal 3.03-19.06) at a time when urinary studies in some of these were either not diagnostic or inconclusive. In one infant whose cord blood was analysed, the level was also greatly raised. The data suggest that early definitive diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be established by measurement of plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2002

11beta-hydroxyprogesterone acts as a mineralocorticoid agonist in stimulating Na+ absorption in mammalian principal cortical collecting duct cells.

The binding of mineralocorticoid hormones to the mineralocorticoid receptor is the first step in a cascade of events leading to the stimulation of Na(+) reabsorption by renal cortical collecting duct (CCD) principal cells. The agonist properties of mineralocorticoid hormones are linked to contacts between their 21-hydroxyl group and Asn770, a residue of the ligand-binding domain of the human mineralocorticoid receptor (hMR). Here, we investigate whether the presence of a hydroxyl group at position 11, 17, or 20 could also alter the activity of progesterone (P), a mineralocorticoid antagonist without the 21-hydroxyl group. Both 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (20OHP) antagonized the aldosterone-induced trans-activation activity (IC(50): 17OHP, 10(-7) M; 20OHP, 10(-8) M) of the hMR transiently expressed in COS-7 cells lacking steroid receptors. In cultured mouse mpkCCD(cl4) principal cells, 17OHP and 20OHP also prevented the aldosterone-stimulated amiloride-sensitive component of the short-circuit current (Ams I(sc)), reflecting Na(+) absorption mediated by the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). In contrast, 11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone (11OHP) activated the transiently expressed hMR in COS-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner (ED(50): 10(-8) M) and, like aldosterone, stimulated Ams I(sc) in mpkCCD(cl4) cells. Docking 11OHP within the hMR-ligand-binding domain homology model revealed that the agonist activity of 11OHP is caused by contacts between its 11 beta-hydroxyl group and Asn770. Furthermore, 11OHP was unable to activate the mutant hMR/N770A, in which Ala is substituted for Asn at position 770. These findings demonstrate that in the absence of the 21-hydroxyl group, the 11 beta-hydroxyl group can produce the contact with the hMR-Asn770 required for the hMR activation leading to stimulated Na(+) absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1997

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone responses to leuprolide and serum androgens in obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome offer dietary weight loss.

Insulin resistance and increased ovarian cytochrome P450c17 alpha activity (i.e. increased 17 alpha-hydroxylase and, to a lesser extent, increased 17,20-lyase) are both features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Evidence suggests that hyperinsulinemia may stimulate ovarian P450c17 alpha activity in obese women with PCOS. We hypothesized that weight loss would decrease serum insulin and P450c17 alpha activity in PCOS. Therefore, we measured serum steroid concentrations and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone responses to leuprolide administration and performed oral glucose tolerance tests before and after 8 weeks of a hypocaloric diet in 12 obese women with PCOS (PCOS group) and 11 obese women with normal menses (control group). Serum insulin decreased in both groups. In the PCOS group, basal serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone decreased from 4.2 +/- 0.6 to 3.0 +/- 0.5 nmol/L (P < 0.05), and leuprolide-stimulated peak serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone decreased from 14.9 +/- 2.6 to 8.9 +/- 0.8 nmol/L (P < 0.025). Serum testosterone decreased from 2.47 +/- 0.52 to 1.56 +/- 0.33 nmol/L (P < 0.05), and free testosterone decreased from 9.03 +/- 1.39 to 5.95 +/- 0.50 pmol/L (P < 0.02). None of these values changed in the control group. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin increased by 4.5- and 3-fold in the PCOS (P < 0.003) and control (P < 0.007) groups, respectively. We conclude that dietary weight loss decreases ovarian P450c17 alpha activity and reduces serum free testosterone concentrations in obese women with PCOS, but not in obese ovulatory women. The changes in women with PCOS may be related to a reduction in serum insulin.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1975

Role of 11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone in biosynthesis of corticosterone from progesterone in guinea pig adrenals.

Slices of male guinea pig adrenals were incubated with trace amount of 3-H7 alpha-progesterone and the percentage of incorporation of 3-H into various steroids at various intervals was measured. It was found that 3-H accumulates predominately in 11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone as compared to DOC. This indicates that, in guinea pig adrenals, 11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone plays a dominant role in a formation of corticosterone from progesterone. The observed sequence of changes in progesterone label accumulation in 17-hydroxycompounds indicates they pathway of cortisol synthesis through the intermediate formation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 11-deoxycortisol.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

[Simultaneous study of plasma gonadotropins, estrogens, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone during the ovulatory cycle].

Plasma levels of gonadotrophins, estrone, estradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone were studied throughout an ovulatory cycle in 11 normal women. For each of these hormones, the initiation of a secretory cycle occured at a different time: on the 10th day after mid-cycle surge for gonadotrophins, on the 3 rd day of menses for estradiol and somewhat later for estrone, on the 8th day of cycle for 17-hydroxyprogesterone and on the day of the LH surge for progesterone. Mean plasma levels and range were reported for every studied hormone. The mid-cycle surges of LH and FSH were found always coincident, after which their concentration decreased simultaneously; during the late follicular phase the increasing LH curve intersected the decreasing FSH curve. A peak of estradiol occured in every subject except one on the day before the mid-cycle surge of LH; a peak of plasma estrone occured either on the day of the LH peak or on the day before. For these two hormones the luteal phase range is always below the peak level. A peak of 17-hydroxyprogesterone occured in every subject on the same day than the mid-cycle LH peak, but the plasma level increased during the luteal phase up to higher levels. Progesterone concentration increased on the day of the LH surge, indicating the initiation of luteinization prior to ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Identification of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by measurement of blood-spot 17-hydroxyprogesterone].

UNLABELLED: Identification of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by measurement of blood-spot 17-hydroxyprogesterone. INTRODUCTION: 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The simplest way to diagnose the disease is the measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone level in the serum. AIMS: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical advantages of a centralized diagnostic strategy in Hungary using measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in dried blood spots. METHODS: During a 20 years period blood-spot samples of 1837 patients suspected to have CAH have been investigated. RESULTS: 185 patients proved to have CAH (classic 21-OHD 155; NCAH 27; 11beta-OHD 3 patients). A national database for CAH was set up by collecting further information about CAH patients in the country. Based on the frequency of the disease in girls during the nineties, the incidence of classical 21-OHD was calculated to be 1:11,147 in Hungary. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis, optimal medical and surgical treatment, and attention to compliance may lead to further decrease in morbidity and mortality of CAH patients.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1995

The relationship of corpus luteum volume to relaxin, estradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin levels in early normal pregnancy.

Our purpose was to characterize the growth pattern of the corpus luteum of early normal human pregnancy and correlate this growth with the corpus luteum hormone products: relaxin, progesterone, estradiol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. A prospective study of seven patients was initiated at a mean gestational age of 4 weeks and 2 days. Corpus luteum volume and hormone concentrations were determined for each study patient every 48 h for a period of 2 weeks. Transvaginal imaging of the corpus luteum was performed by a single observer. Corpus luteum volume was calculated using the formula for an ellipsoid (4/3 pi abc/8). Correlation between corpus luteum volume and hormone concentrations was tested using Pearson's r. There was a mean three-fold increase in corpus luteum volume between 4 and 6 weeks' gestational age. Concomitantly, relaxin and estradiol concentrations increased, 17-hydroxyprogesterone declined slightly, progesterone remained stable and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased exponentially. Mean positive correlations were shown between corpus luteum volume and relaxin (r = 0.72), corpus luteum volume and hCG (r = 0.68), and hCG and relaxin (r = 0.82). However, there was a lack of correlation between corpus luteum volume and estradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. We have shown that a rapid increase in the corpus luteum volume occurs in early normal human pregnancy without a parallel rise in the classic corpus luteum steroid products. We interpret these findings to suggest that growth of the corpus luteum in early human pregnancy is largely derived from the proliferation of non-steroid secreting cells. The precise role of these cells in controlling steroidogenesis in this gland has yet to be defined.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1988

Endocrine effects of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate during early pregnancy: a double-blind clinical trial.

The clinical and endocrine effects of progestogen therapy in early pregnancy were investigated using a double-blind randomized trial in 64 patients who had a viable fetus at 6 weeks gestation and had an increased risk of miscarriage. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate or a placebo between 7 and 12 weeks gestation. Four fetal ultrasonographic variables and 17 maternal endocrine variables were studied in each woman. Only four maternal serum variables (17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, prolactin, thyroxin and thyroxin binding globulin) rose significantly. The serum progesterone levels in the hormone supplemented group were on average 20% higher than in the placebo group but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the relation between the progesterone levels and the fetal outcome was not clear. Therefore it is not advisable to prescribe 17-OHP-C during early pregnancy to prevent a miscarriage.

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate↗
PubMed1985

Purification and properties of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase from Eubacterium sp. strain 144.

Eubacterium sp. strain 144 converts 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 17-isoprogesterone. The first step of this reaction is catalyzed by 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase (16 alpha-dehydroxylase). This enzyme was purified 40-70-fold and characterized. 16 alpha-Dehydroxylase was found to be active in two molecular weight forms of Mr 181 000 and 326 000. A subunit relative molecular weight of 42 400 was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme. Although active with both 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, the affinity of 16 alpha-dehydroxylase for the latter steroid was twice that of the former based on the apparent Km values. Evidence of possible substrate inhibition at high concentrations was seen with 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone. 16-Ketoprogesterone was found to be a competitive inhibitor of 16 alpha-dehydroxylase with respect to both steroid substrates. Although generally unaffected by low concentrations of non-ionic detergents, 16 alpha-dehydroxylase activity was stimulated 3-7-fold by sodium dodecyl sulfate and inhibited strongly by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

Cetrimonium↗
PubMed1985

Bioconversion of 2 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 2-hydroxylated corticosteroids by newborn rat adrenal cells in primary culture.

The bioconversion of 2 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone into 2-hydroxylated steroids was accomplished using newborn rat adrenal cells in primary culture. The products were purified using column and thin-layer chromatography, and identified by GC-MS. They resulted principally from the enzymatic reactions of 21-hydroxylation, 11 beta-hydroxylation, reduction of 20-oxo and 3-oxo groups, and epimerization of the substrate. In addition, minor metabolites resulted from 18-hydroxylation, 6 beta-hydroxylation and reduction of the 3-oxo-4-ene group. The identification of these compounds allowed us to conclude that the metabolism of 2 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone is similar to that of progesterone in this cellular system. Assuming that the 2 beta-epimers of the different metabolites arose principally from the transformation of 2 beta-hydroxyprogesterone, the specificity of the various enzyme systems seems to be similar for both epimers except in the case of the 11 beta-hydroxylation where the reaction appears stereospecific for the 2 beta-epimer. The 2 alpha-hydroxyl group on ring A seems to favor the reduction of the 3-oxo group and it does this stereospecifically to the 3 beta-structure. The epimerization of the substrate, which is most likely enzymatically induced, is the first example of steroid epimerization reported in the adrenal. This is a practical preparative method for synthesizing a variety of steroids hydroxylated at C-2 from a single substrate and could be adjusted to the production of important quantities of 2-hydroxylated metabolites of corticosteroids.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1990

Identification of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and other steroid hormones in saliva from a normal child and patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia by plasmaspray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

A very sensitive, selective and simultaneous method for the analysis of salivary steroid hormones was examined by discharge-assisted thermospray liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (plasmaspray LC/MS). Plasmaspray LC/MS gave [M + H]+ or [MH - H2O]+ as a predominant ion in most of the steroids in this work and in some cases fragment ions were also observed. Eight salivary steroid hormones, pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone were identified within 10 minutes using the selected ion monitoring technique in conjunction with plasmaspray LC/MS. Progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, aldosterone and testosterone were detected in 1 mL of saliva from a normal child and two patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗