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Results for “Host-Parasite Interactions”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The host/parasite relationships of Xenopsylla astia and X. cheopis on Bandicota bengalensis in Rangoon, Burma.

In Rangoon, Burma, over half the commensal B. bengalensis taken in live traps were found to be infested with Xenopsylla species fleas. X. astia infestations were twice as common as those of the classic plague vector X. cheopis. In terms of absolute numbers X. astia outnumbered X. cheopis by 10 to 1. X. astia was more commonly found as a monospecific infestation, and X. cheopis was more commonly found mixed with X. astia. The flea indicies were high, with a specific index of 2.4 for X. cheopis and 10.2 for X. astia. The flea indicies and flea sex ratios remained stable across the host population and could not be correlated to changes in the head and body length of the host and were not different on male or female hosts. The evidence of this and other surveys is that X. cheopis is not as well adapted for parasitism on free ranging B. bengalensis as is X. astia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Successes of modern malariology].

Malariological situation analysis in the USSR and world over testifies to increasing malaria incidence particularly in the countries where earlier it was almost fully eradicated. Malaria epidemics in these countries (posteradication epidemics) is a new phenomenon in malariology. Temporary success of the global campaign of malaria eradication has led to a deadlock in malariology which during the past 10 years is being successfully overcome. Achievements of modern malariology are reviewed in the article on three levels of the host-parasite relationships: a cell, organism and population. Particular significance of the research in malaria vaccines is emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Immunological reactivity of the host as an environmental factor and its significance for the development of parasitism].

Concepts--mainly of SPRENT (1959, 1963), DINEEN (1963) and DAMIAN (1964)--concerning the immunological aspects of the phylogeny of host-parasite associations and the function of immune processes in the host-parasite relationship are discussed. In the light of some recent findings an integrating interpretation of the available body of evidence is attempted. The significance of the immuno-selection pressure during the course of host-parasite coevolution is stressed and some of the consequences of this pressure seen in the existing host-parasite systems are pointed out.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

The immunology of human and animal cysticercosis: a review.

In this review of the literature concerning the immunology of animal and human cysticercosis, emphasis is placed on whether previous exposure to the antigen confers protection to the host. Statistical analysis of the published data indicates that immunized animals have a lower risk than non-immunized animals of contracting cysticercosis, there being large variations within and between different host-cysticercus relationships. There is no indication as to which antigen is best for immunization but, although live parasites in all stages of development, or extracts, appear to give protection, embryos, eggs, and excretions are most frequently used. Antibodies appear to be the principal mediators of resistance, but the action seems to be only upon very young larvae, while fully grown cysticerci are unharmed. Several immunological methods are valuable in the diagnosis of cysticercosis, the choice depending more on the purpose of the study than on differences in their ability to discriminate between healthy and sick. The presence of anticysticercus antibodies in the serum of up to 50% of human patients indicates that human vaccination may be possible in high-risk areas; the remaining patients pose an interesting problem open to speculation and research on immunological evasion, immunodepression, and the existence of serotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Investigation on the transfer of fleas among small mammals using radioactive phosphorus.

The transfer of fleas Megabothris turbidus, Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Nosopsyllus fasciatus etc. was investigated by labelling the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb.) with radioactive phosphorus. On the one hand, the process of flea transfer was traced among different individuals of the same host species, and on the other, among different host species (C. glareolus, Apodemus flavicollis Melch.). The investigations revealed that the flea transfer in a rodent nest visited by another host depended partly on the number of fleas present in the nest, partly on the period spent by the new-comer in it. Conversely, the number of fleas transferred in the nest by the newly arrived host depended on the temperature of nest bedding and on the initial nest occupation by other host.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Remarks on the pathogenicity of Eimeria species exemplified by cattle coccidiosis].

Development and pathogenicity of the coccidia of cattle are known up to this day only for some species. The criteria responsible for pathogenicity of the species of Eimeria, which are arranged in the complexes "Biological qualities of the species of coccidia", "Factors of environment and stress" and "Situation of reaction of the host" are discussed. Thereby it is emphasized that in coccidiosis of calves and young cattles, especially conditions of environment are important for the outbreak or not of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Epizootiology and control of anaplasmosis in south africa.

The history of bovine anaplasmosis, or tick-born gallsickness, since the discovery of Anaplasma marginale by Sir Arnold Theiler is briefly reviewed. The development of the Anaplasma centrale vaccine by Theiler, up to the composition of the present vaccine issued by Onderstepoort in which the original isolate is still passaged, is discussed in detail. Recent transmission studies at Onderstepoort have shown that 5 tick species are capable of transmitting anaplasmosis intrastadially, and intrastadial transmission, especially by adult male ticks, it is believed, could play an important role in the epizootiology of bovine anaplasmosis in South Africa. Disease incidence and tick distribution are discussed in relation to enzootic and epizootic conditions. Investigations have proved that the Onderstepoort A. centrale vaccine is not as avirulent in adult cattle as it was previously thought to be. The results of a field trial undertaken to test the infectivity of the vaccine, are given.

Anaplasma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The lice of the gerbils of Tajikistan].

2606 gerbils of four species from Tajikistan were examined. On them there were found over 14 thousand sucking lice of 10 species, four of which are typical to gerbils. Hoplopleura merionidis Ferris is a Mongolian-Turkestan species, which in Central Asia parasitizes Meriones meridianus Pallas and M. unguiculatus Milne-Edw. and in Middle Asia--M. meridianus and M. erythrourus Gray, seldom M. tamariscinus Pallas. Polyplax chinensis Ferris, a parasite of M. meridianus, is a Mongolian-Turkestan species the distribution of which, apparently, corresponds to that of the host. P. paradoxa Johnson, a parasite of M. erythrourus, is an Afro-Asiatic species. P. opimi Sosnina, a parasite of Rhombomys opimus Lichtenstein, is apparently an Asiatic species, the distribution of which is closely associated with the host's distribution area.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The assimilation by Eimeria tenella coccidia of DNA and RNA precursors from the host cell].

The assimilation of purine and pyrimidine bases, their nucleosides and orotic acid from the host cell by coccidian E. tenella was studied by means of radioactive precursors of DNA and RNA. It has been established that within their development and reproduction the parasites use selectively different precursors of DNA and RNA from the host cell. Coccidians use intensively the purine base 14C-adenine, assimilate negligibly the pyrimidine base 14C-uracil and nucleoside 14C-uridine and do not use at all 14C-thymidine and 14C-thymine. The coccidians were found to assimilate most intensively 14C-orotic acid, the lower precursor of pyrimidine bases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enzymatic hydrolysis of fat in the presence of Lamblia duodenalis (in vitro)].

The influence of Lamblia on the hydrolysis of fat by lipase was studied in vitro. The hydrolysis rate of fat in the presence of live Lamblia and without them was determined colorimetrically by the quantity of the formed glycerine. In addition, the kinetics of this reaction was studied by the method of compensating potentiometry by neutralization of fat acids with alkali. The intact organisms were found to cause an inhibition of fermentative hydrolysis of fat. The importance of this fact from the point of view of interaction in the host-parasite system is discussed.

Giardia↗