Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Health--determinants”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Canadian health surveys, 1950 1997.

This paper provides a brief history of Canadian health surveys and a review of health or health-related surveys from the first national household survey in 1950/51 to the present time. Surveys have evolved from collecting information on health care utilization, health status and some risk behaviours to a wider range of health determinants following the 1974 Lalonde report. In addition to the occasional cross-sectional surveys, there are periodic surveys, longitudinal surveys, school-based surveys and surveys based on subgroups in the population or specific topic areas. The survey review is presented in the following four tables: Table 1 summarizes national surveys including such information as the date(s) and frequency of data collection, topic areas, target population, sample size and response rate for each survey; Table 2 provides the same information for provincial surveys; both tables point to Table 3, which supplements the previous information with survey sponsors and contacts; Table 4 provides similar information for commercial surveys. This reference, which will be updated periodically, is intended to act as a source of information and support in the development of new surveys.

Canada↗
PubMed1997

Uses and limitations of routine hospital admission/separation records for perinatal surveillance.

This study examined the quality of data for delivering mothers and their newborns (April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1995) recorded by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). The number of illogical and out-of-range values in the CIHI data were quite few; the occurrence of maternal and infant diseases estimated from CIHI data was quite similar to that in the literature; and major medical/obstetric complications recorded in CIHI were, in general, good predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The authors conclude that CIHI data contain some of the information pertinent to perinatal surveillance that may be used to monitor maternal and infant health and to assess intrapartum care and hospital resource utilization. To adequately monitor and analyze patterns of health determinants and outcomes in all pregnant women and their infants in Canada, additional data collection mechanisms are needed to cover all recognized pregnancies and to collect antenatal and postpartum information and more detailed information on intrapartum care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Long-term neurodevelopmental risks in children exposed in utero to cocaine. The Toronto Adoption Study.

Children exposed in utero to cocaine are at risk for long-term neurobehavioral damage not just because of the drug itself; but also because of clustering of other health determinants, including low socioeconomic status, low maternal education, and maternal addiction, to mention a few. One methodologic approach to separate the direct neurotoxic effects of cocaine from these synergistic insults is to follow up a cohort of children exposed in utero to cocaine and given up for adoption to middle-upper class families. The Toronto Adoption Study, supported by Health Canada, has proven the direct neurotoxic effects of cocaine on IQ and language. These effects are mild to moderate as compared to those measured in children exposed in utero to cocaine and reared by their natural mothers.

Adoption↗
PubMed1998

Survivors of sexual abuse: clinical, lifestyle and reproductive consequences.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, an increase in the prevalence of sexual abuse of women has been reported in Canada and elsewhere. However, there are few empirical data on the extent of the problem in Canadian aboriginal populations. The authors investigated the presence of a reported history of sexual abuse and other health determinants in a sample of women attending a community health centre with a substantial aboriginal population. This allowed determination of whether reported sexual abuse and its associated demographic and health-related effects were different for aboriginal and non-aboriginal women. METHODS: A sample of 1696 women was selected from women attending a community health centre in a predominantly low-income inner-city area of Winnipeg for a cross-sectional survey designed to study the association between sexual behavior and cervical infections. The survey was conducted between November 1992 and March 1995 and involved a clinical examination, laboratory tests and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A substudy was conducted among 1003 women who were asked 2 questions about sexual abuse. RESULTS: The overall response rate for the main study was 87%. Of the 1003 women who were asked the questions about sexual abuse, 843 (84.0%) responded. Among the respondents, 368 (43.6%) were aboriginal. Overall, 308 (36.5%) of the respondents reported having been sexually abused, 74.0% of the incidents having occurred during childhood. The prevalence was higher among aboriginal women than among non-aboriginal women (44.8% v. 30.1%, p < 0.001). Women who had been sexually abused were younger when they first had sexual intercourse, they had multiple partners, and they had a history of sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, non-aboriginal women who had been sexually abused were more likely than those who had not been abused to have been separated or divorced, unemployed and multiparous and to have used an intrauterine device rather than oral contraceptives. Aboriginal women who had been sexually abused were more likely than those who had not been abused to have been separated or divorced, unemployed and multiparous and to have used an intrauterine device rather than oral contraceptives. Aboriginal women who had been sexually abused were more likely than those who had not been abused to have had abnormal Papanicolaou smears. The proportion of smokers was higher among the abused women than among the non-abused women in both ethnic groups. INTERPRETATION: A history of sexual abuse was associated with other clinical, lifestyle and reproductive factors. This suggests that sexual abuse may be associated with subsequent health behaviors, beyond specific physical and psychosocial disorders. Aboriginal and non-aboriginal women who have suffered sexual abuse showed substantial differences in their subsequent health and health-related behaviours.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The health of northern residents.

OBJECTIVES: This article examines differences in health status and health determinants between residents of the North (Yukon and Northwest Territories) and of the provinces, and between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal territorial residents. The use of health services and medications is also analyzed. DATA SOURCE: The data are from the 1994/95 National Population Health Survey (NPHS), both the territorial and provincial components. The population analyzed consists of household residents aged 12 and older. MAIN RESULTS: Compared with non-Aboriginal Northerners, Aboriginal people in the territories more frequently rated their health poorly. However, they reported fewer injuries and diagnosed chronic conditions. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was lower among Aboriginal people, while the proportion of smokers was substantially higher. A lower proportion of Aboriginal territorial residents had consulted a general practitioner in the previous year, and a higher proportion had consulted a nurse. Aboriginal people also had a low rate of medication use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fertility and health in Mexico].

Fertility, health, and family planning are not independent factors, but rather involve a series of biological and social mechanisms in close interaction with one another. The impact that a high fertility rate has on health is reflected mainly in a rise in the rates of maternal and child mortality. Similarly, fertility has a greater negative effect upon the health of groups characterized by high reproductive risk, high parity, short intergenesic intervals, and unwanted pregnancies. On the other hand, family planning -and specifically the use of contraceptive methods-helps to achieve a lowering of the fertility rate and also has a positive effect on maternal-child health. This situation can be observed in the case of Mexico, where fertility rates and tendencies, as well as maternal and child mortality, have been reduced during the past decade.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality time: how parents' schooling affects child health through its interaction with childcare time in Bangladesh.

A child health production function is presented with the key feature being an interaction term between a caregiver's schooling and their exposure time to the child. The production function is estimated using a 2SLS fixed effects model with lagged childcare time, resource allocation and child health as instruments for the first differences of these same endogenous variables. The 1978 Intrafamily Food Distribution and Feeding Practices Survey dataset from Bangladesh is used together with census data. The production function estimates indicate that part of the salutary effects of parental education on child health require that the child actually be exposed to the educated parent. Given the demographic makeup of the study sample and the assumption that age education and gender completely account for productivity, teenage brothers and fathers would have the highest marginal productivity for child health and mothers and grandmothers the least. If economic opportunity draws mothers away from childcare, the presence of other household members with higher schooling levels offers the potential for an improvement in the overall quality of childcare time. In the present study the households failed to set the marginal labour product of child health for each of the caregivers equal. Thus, the quality of childcare may not be the household's sole concern in determining time allocation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pregnancy outcome in Norway after Chernobyl.

Pregnancy outcome has been studied in terms of legal abortions, early spontaneous abortions and total number of pregnancies (in an ad hoc study covering 6 counties) as well as various perinatal health problems (on the basis of routinely recorded data for epidemiological surveillance from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway). Apparently, no effects were observed in terms of an increased occurrence of legal abortions, while spontaneous abortions increased from 7.2% of all pregnancies during the last 12 months before the accident to 8.3% after the accident [corrected]. At the same time, the total number of pregnancies somewhat decreased. Based on monthly measurements in each municipality of external and internal (food-based) doses, dose-response associations were assessed for a number of perinatal health problems. No associations were observed.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of legal abortions and congenital abnormalities in Hungary.

The annual and monthly distributions of congenital abnormalities and pregnancy outcomes as confounding factors were evaluated in Hungary in reflection of the accident at the Chernobyl reactor. The different congenital abnormality entities and the components of fetal radiation syndrome did not show a higher rate after the Chernobyl accident in the data-set of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry. Among confounding factors, the rate of induced abortions did not increase after the Chernobyl accident in Hungary. In the 9th month after the peak of public concern (May and June, 1986) the rate of livebirths decreased. Three indicator conditions: 15 sentinel anomalies as indicators of germinal dominant gene mutations, Down syndrome as an indicator of germinal numerical and structural chromosomal mutations, and unidentified multiple congenital abnormalities as indicators of germinal dominant gene and chromosomal mutations were selected from the material of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry. Diagnoses were checked, familial and sporadic cases were separated and only the sporadic cases were evaluated. The analysis of indicator conditions did not reveal any measurable germinal mutagenic effect of the Chernobyl accident in Hungary.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1996

A one-year community study of under-fives in rural Ethiopia: health and behavioural determinants of morbidity.

Based on a one-year weekly home surveillance study, morbidity patterns of 1,304 children under five years of age in a rural Ethiopian community were measured, together with nutritional and health behavioural determinants. Using Poisson regression models, the study showed that nutritional and health care factors make a significant impact on under-five morbidity. Gastroenteritis was particularly associated with child care factors, while acute respiratory infections were particularly associated with nutritional factors. Lack of immunization, low birthweight and pre-term delivery (more than one month early) were not found to have any independent effect on morbidity. Breast feeding was universal, but the introduction of supplementary foods was found to protect from excess morbidity. The study concludes by discussing possible applications of the results in intervention programmes.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1997

Effects of infant feeding practices and birth spacing on infant and child survival: a reassessment from retrospective and prospective data.

Retrospective and prospective data collected in Cameroon were used to reassess hypotheses about how infant and early childhood mortality is affected by birth spacing and breast-feeding. These data show that: (a) a short preceding birth interval is detrimental for child survival in the first 4 months of life; (b) full and partial breast-feeding have direct protective effects on child survival in the first 4-6 months of life, with the effects of the former stronger than those of the latter; (c) early subsequent conception significantly increases mortality risks in the first 16 months of life of the index child. These findings are robust to various controls, e.g. study design, data defects, child's health conditions at/around birth, postnatal maternal and child recurrent illnesses, patterns of utilisation of health care services, and immunisation status of the child.

Birth Intervals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors that influence women's health in Tanzania.

A descriptive account of factors that influence women's health in Tanzania is given. The social and cultural processes that enhance or undermine women's health are emphasized. Recommendations for changes to improve women's health are made.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed2026

Decoding protein signatures and protein interactions in oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review and network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Proteomic profiling offers thorough insights into protein structure and function, as well as it acts as an essential approach for analyzing molecular changes at the tissue level. However, because of the proteome's diversity and dynamic nature, biomarker discovery remains challenging. By combining proteomics with bioinformatics, the level of understanding in relation to molecular interactions and disease processes can be improved. Through an integrative approach, few limitations can be addressed, thereby promoting proteomic profiling for the discovery of new therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers for a variety of disorders. AIM: To identify differentially expressed protein markers and their key molecular pathways associated with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. METHODS: Systematic Review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration ID number CRD42024557545. A comprehensive literature review was performed using electronic databases, yielding 12,797, studies from which 15 eligible articles were selected. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. Vote counting was performed to identify proteins reported in more than one study. A bipartite network was constructed using Cytoscape to identify shared and disease-specific protein markers. Lesion-wise protein-protein interaction networks were generated using STRING and analysed in Cytoscape to identify highly interconnected hub proteins, and pathway enrichment analysis for these hubs was performed using Reactome. RESULTS: A total of fifteen studies (Leukoplakia (LK) - n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1, Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL) - n&#x2009;=&#x2009;2, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) - n&#x2009;=&#x2009;7, and Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) - n&#x2009;=&#x2009;5) were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate methodological quality and the quality of studies included in this systematic review was high for 4 articles and moderate in the remaining 11. The most commonly employed technique was mass spectrometry. A total of 318 candidate proteins (LK - 14, PVL - 82, OSMF - 172, and OLP - 50) were identified across the oral potentially malignant disorders. Key markers identified through vote counting included ERO1A, NUCB1, RHOA, and IL36A for PVL; LUM, KRT1, KRT9, ALB, and VIM for OSMF; and ALB, LYZ, HP, HBB, and AMY1A for OLP. The bipartite network showed that OSMF and OLP shared the highest number of proteins, indicating the strongest overlap among lesions. Network analysis further highlighted distinct hub proteins for each lesion: for LK- AMY1A, AMY1B and APOA1; for PVL- CFL1, RHOA and CDC42; for OSMF- HSP90AA1, ENO1 and SERPINA1; and for OLP- HP, B2M, and ORM1. Lesion-specific pathway enrichment revealed that LK was associated with epithelial differentiation, PVL with oncogenic signaling, OSMF with stress-driven fibrosis, and OLP with immune-mediated inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomic expression offers insights into disease pathogenesis by identifying important molecular changes across OPMDs. However, the majority of biomarkers are still in the exploratory stage due to the considerable variation in lesion types, sample sources, proteomic techniques, and reporting systems. In order to create reliable and clinically applicable biomarkers, future studies should concentrate on combining multi-omics techniques with large-scale, standardized cohorts.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

A study of aged population and associated health risks in rural India.

This article examines the prevalence of age-related diseases in different socioeconomic and demographic groups. The study is based on a sample of 267 aged persons (> 60 years) collected through a survey entitled "Aging and Health Conditions in Rural Area-A Sample Survey, 1990" conducted in the rural areas of the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, a northern province of India. Various socio-behavioral factors are found to play a significant role in determining the health conditions of aged people. Also, illiteracy and poverty are found to have their own impact on health during aging. It is also noted that due to adverse familial relationships, many stress-related disorders occur which may result in the poor health of the elderly. Demands for old age pensions were made by most of the elderly people in the sample.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The health status of women in the world-system.

The health status of women is examined within the context of a global political economy. The authors present a beginning attempt to model some key macrolevel processes linked to the health of women. In particular, a structural modeling technique known as LVPLS (or "soft modeling") is used to empirically test one recent formulation of world-system theory. The findings give added emphasis to the importance of the larger economic forces that affect women's health.

Economics↗
PubMed1991

Elements for a theory of the health transition.

This article presents the basic elements for developing a theory of the health transition. Such elements include the definition of concepts, the specification of a framework on the determinants of health status, the analysis of the mechanisms through which health change occurs in populations, the characterization of the attributes that allow us to identify different transition models, and the enumeration of the possible consequences of the transition. The propositions are presented with a sufficient level of generality as to make them applicable to different contexts; at the same time, an attempt is made to provide them with the necessary specificity to account for different national experiences, thus opening a space for future comparative research efforts. Through the systematization exercise presented in this article, we hope to contribute to the progress of a topic that has grown in importance during recent years. Such importance is due to the enormous potential that health transition theory has for understanding and transforming the growing complexity of our times.

Demography↗