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PubMed1993

Dissemination and use of a school-based nutrition education program for secondary school students.

Program dissemination and implementation represent critical components of effective school-based health promotion interventions. This study examined the dissemination and implementation of a nutrition teaching program, Nutrition For Life, in New York State secondary schools. Some 1,312 health, home economics, and physical education teachers in junior and senior high schools provided information through random sample mail surveys. Logistic regression procedures examined teacher and school characteristics associated with receipt and use of the program. Overall, 50% of junior high school and 33% of senior high school teachers received the program and three-quarters of these teachers used it. At both levels, home economics teachers were more likely to receive and use the program than health teachers. Peer-led teacher training workshops organized through an existing community-based network provide an effective and efficient mechanism for disseminating nutrition teaching programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Determinants of nutritional behaviour: a multitude of levers for successful intervention?

Nutritional behaviour is framed by biological, anthropological, economic, psychological, socio-cultural, and home economics related determinants and it is shaped by the individual situation. From a public health point of view, the outcome is often unsatisfactory, because it is associated with preventable cases of various diseases. This situation evoked the founding of the German Association for Nutritional Behaviour (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ernährungsverhalten, AGEV) which celebrated its 25th anniversary within the scope of the 10th Food Choice Conference in the summer of 2002 with a plenary session on 'Sensible policies for nutrition and life-style intervention'. One might assume that the many determinants of nutritional behaviour provide a whole set of means to intervene into people's food choices. But closer deliberations make clear that there are two important aspects that tend to hinder dietary changes: on the one hand, nutritional behaviour is characterized by many conflicts of its related determinants. In order to cope with them, people develop individual guiding strategies for food choice situations which are quite stable as soon as they proved their suitability. On the other hand, any dietary modification leads to certain gains (like increased health), but losses, as well (like decreased palatability). Thus, a sustainable change can only be expected, if its gains are evaluated higher than its losses. These aspects need to be carefully considered when designing nutrition and life-style related intervention concepts.

Diet↗
PubMed1993

Nursing home reform: its legislative history and economic impact upon nursing homes.

This article presents a legislative history of Subtitle C of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA '87). It articulates the philosophy behind the act and describes the economic and organizational impact on the nursing home industry. Additionally, data from Connecticut nursing homes are analyzed to determine the factors that affect the costs of complying with OBRA.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1982

A household framework for examining the social and economic consequences of tropical diseases.

In spite of the fact that tropical diseases such as malaria and schistosomiasis are endemic in much of the world, little socioeconomic research has been conducted to provide planners and other policy-makers with a basis for understanding the behavioral implications of these diseases. This paper brings modern microeconomic theory to bear on an area of research which has lacked an adequate theoretical framework. It proposes to focus on the relationships between tropical diseases and their effects on the health status and functional capacity of the individual and ultimately on the social and economic performance of the individual household by using a broadly conceptualized new home economics framework. This paper not only presents factors to be considered in developing a conceptual framework, but also discusses research design and data considerations.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1984

Socioeconomic factors associated with malaria in Colombia.

In spite of progress made to control tropical diseases many developing countries in the world still show high rates of incidence. A program for malaria eradication has been in operation in Colombia since 1953, and the malaria incidence rate was falling until 1971. However, in recent years the rate has begun to rise again in affected areas of the country. The resurgence of the disease leads one to think that traditional methods of controlling it are approaching the saturation point, and a reassessment of the determinants of the problem is needed in order to identify social and economic factors that might be playing an important role by themselves or in association with epidemiological or health determinants of the disease. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology which is being applied to the analysis of social, economic and health determinants of malaria incidence in Colombia. The model is theoretically based on a home economics framework. However, an expansion of the original version is made to take into account social and organizational factors which are thought to be important in the Colombian case. Economic variables included in the testing of the model are income, wealth and occupation. Social variables include education and housing conditions. Health factors considered are nutrition and health services. The model is tested using data collected in July 1982 in one of the most malaria affected areas of Colombia, and preliminary results are presented.

Colombia↗
PubMed1986

An economic analysis of recent fertility in Japan: an application of the Butz-Ward model.

The authors apply the Butz-Ward version of the new home economics model of fertility to Japan, using annual time-series data for 1963-1984. This model postulates that "both men's and women's current wages operate independently in explaining fertility movements in the United States." Some of the theoretical and technical problems with this model are discussed. The authors then propose five alternative specifications to the Butz-Ward model and test the applicability of each specification to Japan (SUMMARY IN JPN)

Asia↗
PubMed1981

Factors affecting food selection: the role of economics.

This article attempts to identify the scope and contributions of food demand research developed by microeconomists to facilitate incorporation of findings into food behavior research undertaken by nutrition professionals. It explores the ways economists have traditionally analyzed determinants of food selection, reviews the "New Home Economics" approach, which is being used to expand the traditional conceptual and empirical economics models, and discusses ways in which economics can contribute to a better understanding of the individual and household food selection process.

Commerce↗
PubMed1997

Economic impact with home delivery of chemotherapy to pediatric oncology patients.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the economic impact of a home chemotherapy program (HCP) for pediatric oncology patients. RATIONALE: Factors that led to initiation of an HCP included availability of specially trained nurses and programmable ambulatory infusion devices at local home care agencies, routine central venous catheter placement, inpatient bed space shortages, and the availability of ondansetron. SETTING: Chemotherapy delivery in the home setting from June 1991 through June 1994. DESIGN: Charge data and nausea and vomiting severity data were collected for patients treated through the HCP. METHODS: Economic impact was calculated by incorporating and summing all charge categories associated with hospital admission for chemotherapy (HAC) versus delivery by the HCP. All data were adjusted for 1993 dollars, and reflect changes for the average patient size (1 m2). Charge data for each chemotherapy protocol delivered in the home were analyzed by calculating the differences between HAC and HCP charges using the following formula: charge difference (HAC - HCP) per protocol times the number of courses. Total economic impact was calculated by summing the differences in charges for each protocol. RESULTS: A total of 262 chemotherapy courses were given to 44 patients (mean age 9.5 +/- 5.1 y) through the HCP, which represented 1012 patient care days and 24 different chemotherapy protocols. Monetary savings from the HCP ranged from $5180 per course of ifosfamide plus etoposide to $367 per course for high-dose methotrexate. Total monetary savings from the HCP during the 3-year period was $640,793. Successful control of nausea and vomiting with a combination of ondansetron plus methylprednisolone was achieved in approximately 80% of the patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy protocols. CONCLUSIONS: HCP for pediatric oncology patients results in substantial monetary savings to payors. Effective control of nausea and vomiting can be accomplished at home in the majority of patients with an ondansetron-based antiemetic regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Liver transplant recipients' first year of posttransplant recovery: a longitudinal study.

A longitudinal study of 20 liver transplant recipients was conducted to investigate their posttransplant recovery experience. Data were collected using semistructured interviews at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after transplantation. Qualitative analysis of data revealed physical, psychological, social, economic, and spiritual dimensions of recovery. Findings reflect ongoing improvement of physical health and functionality for most recipients. Those with continuing health problems often suffered from preexisting health conditions. Psychological adjustment was uneven, with intermittent periods of fear, anxiety, and depression. Some recipients reported short-lived split identities and personality changes. Social support of family was critical in the hospital and at home. Economic issues became primary by the 1-year interview, with all recipients questioning whether they could afford ongoing healthcare and medicines. Spiritual needs were met in secular and nonsecular activities. Findings suggest that healthcare personnel should attend to the lived experience of liver transplant recipients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Critical appraisal of published economic evaluations of home care for the elderly.

The goal of the study was to appraise the economic evaluations published between 1980 and 2004 of "home care" for the elderly, focusing on the methodological aspects. MEDLINE was searched to identify and assess economic evaluations (defined as an analysis comparing two or more strategies, involving the assessment of both costs and consequences) related to "home care" exclusively for the elderly (65 years or more) and to critically appraise the methodology using five accepted principles used worldwide for conducting economic evaluations. Twenty-four economic evaluations of "home care" for the elderly were identified and the articles were assessed. All five principles were satisfactorily addressed in two studies (8.3%), four principles in four studies (16.7%), three principles in five studies (20.8%), two principles in eight studies (33.3%) and only one principle in five studies (20.8%). A disparity in the methodology of writing economic evaluations compromises the comparisons among outcomes and lately jeopardizes decisions on the choice of the most appropriate healthcare interventions. The methodological principles represent important guidelines but the discussion of the context of the economic evaluation and the special characteristics of some services and populations should be considered for the appropriate use of economic evaluations.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning to live with our children. 1949.

As the title suggests, being perplexed by one's children is not unique to the 21st century. In her paper, published in the original Public Health Nursing, Henrietta Fleck (1949), chair of Home Economics at New York University, addressed this persistent problem by providing advice on parent education methods for public health nurses. The materials-films, newspapers, cartoons, posters-are all within the nurse's arsenal today, supplemented by television, and the Internet. More interesting was Fleck's philosophy about parenting and family life. The excerpt omits the dated description of resources, focusing instead on her point of view. It reflects post-World War II optimism about the meaning and power of democracy in shaping familial behavior. The United States was readjusting to civilian life following World War II, fathers were returning home from military fields of action overseas, women were gradually being displaced from the industrial workplace-the country was expanding into suburbia and baby boomers were making their first appearances in the world. Fleck's assumptions include belief in the value of individualism, the importance of sharing both privilege and obligation, and the nature of maturity evidenced in an ability to make reasoned and reasonable choices and to hold oneself accountable for them. The limitations of her view are left to us to ponder.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of smoking in secondary schools in the Greater Accra region of Ghana.

Tobacco smoking is fast becoming a public health problem in Ghana and the youth are at a greater risk of becoming victims of it. A survey of nine secondary (high) schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana showed that 31.1% of students have smoked before and that 10.3% smoke cigarettes regularly. A significant number of those who had ever smoked (32.6%) came from high socio-economic homes as exemplified by the level of education of the father. Advertising appears to be a factor as to why students start to smoke. Most students (59.4%) appear to know smoking is injurious to health. There is need to motivate secondary school students about not smoking. There is also need to legislate in Ghana to prevent the sale of tobacco products to young people and prohibit smoking in schools and in public places.

Adolescent↗