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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[An application of a study of medical history to clinical medicine - for better understanding of medical history and its application to clinical medicine].

A study of medical history aims to correctly understand the progress in basic and clinical medical science and to effectively offer better medical service to our patients. The study of medical history has several important advantages, such as; 1) to understand the present medical science in depth and to shorten the duration of time needed to understand the present medicine, 2) to understand the disadvantages of the present medical sciences realizing that they are not perfect, 3) to correctly understand literature and historical documents on medical science, 4) to make and maintain accurate medical records and documents, 5) to create new concepts and 6) to prevent us from developing a rigid way of thinking. Two cases of the application of medical history to clinical medicine are shown. The first is in regard to perioperative blood transfusion. As it was suggested to me by a report that preoperative blood transfusion caused suppression of immune response in kidney transplantation, I thought a routine use of blood transfusion for surgical patients with malignant tumors would lead to a high postoperative recurrence rate of malignancy. Therefore, such a routine use of blood has been avoided inn our institution for these twenty years. The second case is in regard to excitement during the induction of inhaled anesthetics. At present the excitement is considered to be caused by inhibition of the cerebral cortical function. However, our recent clinical study based on Dr. Maeda's report published in 1935 has revealed that the excitement observed during the induction of inhaled anesthesia is caused mainly by stimulation of the trigeminal nerves. The importance of medical history should be much more stressed for medical training of students and residents as well as physicians. It should be widely and deeply applied to the clinical practice of medicine, though it is not so easy to do this. Otherwise, the study of medical history may be considered as only a hobby for retired physicians.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2002

[The journal Lijecnicki vjesnik in the history of medicine and the history of medicine in Lijecnicki vjesnik: on the 125th anniversary of the publication of Lijecnicki vjesnik].

Lijecnicki vjesnik, during its 125 years long existence, played important role in promotion of History of medicine on our territory. The first articles, which appeared at the end of 19th century, advanced soon to endeavours for affirmation of History of medicine to academic and research discipline. The most important in this respect are texts written by medical history founders and pioneers such as Lujo Thaller, Lavoslav Glesinger and Mirko Drazen Grmek. The topics ranged from antiquity to 20th century covering general historical, culturological, anthropological, epistemological and bioethical dimension of medicine. Professional medical historians wrote greater part of medical historical articles but also physicians of other disciplines participated. Most intensive period in publishing of medical historical articles corresponds with that of the most intensive efforts in establishing the history of medicine as scientific and scholarly discipline. Pages of Lijecnicki vjesnik have fixed not only struggle for status of this discipline but are chronology of actions aimed to include the results of History of medicine to unique knowledge fund in a context of modern medicine and science.

Croatia↗
PubMed1998

[Jerzy Kmita's conception of a theoretical history of science as an instrument in the study of the history of medical sciences].

In the approach taken by Jerzy Kmita, the theoretical history of science is such reflexion on the history of scientific praxis that recognizes as its point of departure the technological role of that praxis as its defining function, while at the same time recognizing that such praxis is regulated in subjective-rational terms by the specific domain of modern European culture which is symbolically described as science. In this understanding science is social methodological awareness, i.e. the whole of norms and directives that are respected by the research community and which universally regulate scientific praxis in rational-subjective terms. The theoretical history of science takes account of two kinds of considerations, treating science as (1) the subjective-rational source of scientific praxis, and thus indirectly also of scientific knowledge (which is true, probably true, or coming closer to the truth than the already existent scientific knowledge); (2) a subjective-rational cultural regulator of scientific praxis and knowledge that is functionally determined by the needs of technological effectiveness, and possibly also evaluate-religious and educational effectiveness, and that is capable of satisfying such needs. Following the historical changes of those aspects is not subject to evaluative judgements relating to the plausibility of the emerging scientific knowledge, the developmental phases of science or the ideals of truth. The proposed theoretical history of science constitutes only an attempt to reconstruct the said phenomena in subjective-rational terms, and hence has a culture-descriptive character. The aim of the article is to present the potential and limitations of using this conception for the study of the history of medical sciences.

Historiography↗
PubMed1977

Psychiatry and history: aspects of history of psychiatry.

Psychiatry has asked and has been helped from many sides. As far as history is concerned, it was interested, almost exclusively, as long as it was history of psychiatry. In this paper an attempt has been made to show that history and, especially, philosophy of history could offer substantial help, particularly as teachers of methodology and hermeneutics.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suicide attempt history in depressed patients with and without a history of panic attacks.

This study of 346 depressed outpatients found a significant difference in the frequency of suicide attempts in those with a history of panic attacks (26.9%) compared with those without (16.8%). Further investigation showed that depressed patients with a history of infrequent panic attacks had a higher incidence of suicide attempts (32.3%) than those with panic disorder (21.5%). However, multiple regression analysis including a number of sociodemographic and diagnostic variables revealed that female gender and history of psychosis (but not panic attack history) significantly contributed to the variance in the history of suicide attempts. These data for depressed patients are compared with data from other studies regarding the association of panic attacks and suicidal behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Subjects with a history of drug dependence are more aggressive than subjects with no drug use history.

Aggressive responding was compared between 29 subjects with a history of substance dependence and 24 subjects with no drug use history, using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm. The hypothesis was that subjects from the substance dependence history group would emit more aggressive responses than subjects with no drug use history. The substance dependence history group emitted more aggressive responses per session than the non drug using group (F(1,49) = 14.867, P = 0.032). These results are consistent with previous studies that have reported an association between aggression and drug abuse or dependence.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Correction for biases in a population-based study of family history and coronary heart disease. The Newcastle Family History Study I.

In this paper, the authors report on the design of a population-based case-control study of family history as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). They studied the characteristics of subjects who completed a detailed family history questionnaire in 1992-1994 as well as the accuracy of recall of family history in order to quantify both selection and recall biases. Coronary disease cases were enrolled through the Newcastle MONICA Project (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease), which registered all suspected heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths in the Lower Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia, between August 1984 and March 1994. Controls were selected at random from the New South Wales electoral roll. The response rate was 76% in cases and 62% in controls; the major factor associated with participation in the study was perceived family history of CHD, more so in the control series than in the case series. Accuracy was determined by comparing information obtained from the proband with that recorded on death certificates. In first-degree relatives, sensitivity of CHD recall was 85% (95% confidence interval (CI) 74-92%) in cases and 95% (95% CI 84-99%) in controls, while specificity was 59% (95% CI 49-69%) and 74% (95% CI 65-82%), respectively. The net bias in both selection and recall is toward the null and hence the comparisons provide a conservative estimate of risk of CHD associated with a positive family history.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of family history, sobriety length, and drinking history in younger alcoholics on P300 auditory-evoked potentials.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been shown to be different between alcoholics and non-alcoholics. Of particular interest to investigators has been the P300 wave. Because it has been shown that alcohol-induced neural damage can alter P300 waves, particularly amplitude, we attempted to examine alcoholics who most likely suffered little damage because they drank heavily for relatively few years (mean = 6.9 years). The effects of long-term sobriety (mean = 5.0) were also investigated to determine if cognitive functioning, as measured by auditory-evoked P300 waves, varies with increased abstinence. Because family history for alcoholism has also been shown to influence P300 amplitude and latency, alcoholics and controls with and without family history were examined. The alcoholic group had significantly longer latencies in P300 measures in both the family history positive and negative groups; P300 amplitudes between alcoholics and non-alcoholics did not vary, regardless of family history. P300 waves were unaffected by sobriety length or drinking history. The results support the hypothesis that P300 differences can be seen between alcoholics and those at risk for alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

History by history statistical estimators in the BEAM code system.

A history by history method for estimating uncertainties has been implemented in the BEAMnrc and DOSXYznrc codes replacing the method of statistical batches. This method groups scored quantities (e.g., dose) by primary history. When phase-space sources are used, this method groups incident particles according to the primary histories that generated them. This necessitated adding markers (negative energy) to phase-space files to indicate the first particle generated by a new primary history. The new method greatly reduces the uncertainty in the uncertainty estimate. The new method eliminates one dimension (which kept the results for each batch) from all scoring arrays, resulting in memory requirement being decreased by a factor of 2. Correlations between particles in phase-space sources are taken into account. The only correlations with any significant impact on uncertainty are those introduced by particle recycling. Failure to account for these correlations can result in a significant underestimate of the uncertainty. The previous method of accounting for correlations due to recycling by placing all recycled particles in the same batch did work. Neither the new method nor the batch method take into account correlations between incident particles when a phase-space source is restarted so one must avoid restarts.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

The impact of family history of breast cancer on women's health beliefs, salience of breast cancer family history, and degree of involvement in breast cancer issues.

Prior investigations have employed the Health Belief Model (HBM) to predict health care utilization and cancer screening behaviors. The HBM is expanded in the current investigation to include issue involvement with breast cancer and salience of breast cancer family history. Differences in the constructs of this expanded HBM, as they relate to mammography screening, between women with positive and negative family histories of breast cancer were assessed in 378 women. Perceived benefits and barriers were found to be similar for women with positive and negative family histories of breast cancer. However, susceptibility, cues to action, salience of family history, and issue involvement were found to be more relevant for women with a positive family history of breast cancer. These findings have implications for interventions directed at increasing compliance with recommendations for breast cancer screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[History of the history of medicine and its significance. Trends in a discipline in transformation].

This paper gives an account of the new orientations in history of Medicine, of its opening up, and of the new pluridisciplinary approach it intrinsically requires. It examines the past of the history of Medicine. This discipline, born during the 18th century, was at the beginning indistinguishable from Medicine in itself. This first period, that of the myth of the founder, was followed, during the 19th century, by a positivist historiography, inspired by the myth of the precursor. Now, released from this double historiographical myth, present history of Medicine attempts to understand the past of Medicine, considering a set of factors that are together scientific, social and cultural.

Europe↗
PubMed2001

[History of medicine and pharmacology. Aspects of the history of interdisciplinary relations].

Both boundaries and communication exist between medical disciplines. Chairs for the combination of pharmacology and medical history were created in the 19th century. Some medical historians have dealt with pharmacology and its history (Heischkel, Sigerist, Temkin, Ackerknecht, Lesky, Mettler). In turn, individual pharmacologists have contributed to the history of medicine (Kobert, Leake, Binz, Hans Fischer), the last two particularly to its institutionalization.

Europe↗
PubMed2000

Brief screening for family psychiatric history: the family history screen.

BACKGROUND: Brief screens to collect lifetime family psychiatric history are useful in clinical practice and for identifying potential families for genetic studies. METHODS: The Family History Screen (FHS) collects information on 15 psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior in informants and their first-degree relatives. Since each question is posed only once about all family members as a group, the administrative time is 5 to 20 minutes, depending on family size and illness. Data on the validity against best-estimate (BE) diagnosis based on independent and blind direct interviews on 289 probands and 305 relatives and test-retest reliability across 15 months in 417 subjects are presented. RESULTS: Agreement between FHS and BE diagnosis for proband and relative self-report had median sensitivity (SEN) of 67.6 and 71.1 respectively; median specificity (SPC) was 87.6 and 89.4, respectively. Marked decrease in SEN occurred when a single informant (the proband) reported on a relative (median, 37.5); however, median SPC was 95.8. Use of more than 1 informant substantially improved SEN (median, 68.2), with a modest reduction in SPC (median, 86.8). Test-retest reliability across 15 months resulted in a median kappa of 0.56. CONCLUSIONS: The FHS is a promising brief screen for collecting lifetime psychiatric history on an informant and/or first-degree relatives. Its validity is best demonstrated for major depression, anxiety disorders, substance dependence (alcohol and drug dependence), and suicide attempts. It is not a substitute for more lengthy family history if more detail on diagnosis is required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The fear of (one's own) history: on the relations between medical anthropology, medicine and history.

Even though for most of medical anthropologists, history of medicine is far from their professional interest, that is not the case in South European and specially in Latin American medical anthropology. For us, history of medicine is a seminal point of academic discussion in the last two decades particularly in those anthropologists who work on the processes of health/disease/care linked to medicalization. Among others interesting consequences, common areas of interest develop. This article aims to explore a main obstacle to the full conquest of interdisciplinarity, namely the persistence of sabaltern discourses and practices related to medical history and to social sciences among the medical professions, which at the same time becomes also an artifact that led social scientists to misunderstand the image of medical history in medical practice.

Americas↗
PubMed1997

[The history of medicine and the history of public health].

The paper reports on the new phenomena which have occurred in the Western countries during recent three decades. The main stress has been put on the principles of methodology and the scope of the research involved in so-called social history of medicine, taking the U.S.A., France and Germany as the example. Research scope and methodological approach to the history of public health has been also discussed, using as an example G. Rosen's A History of Public Health and E. Fee's remarks on the work contained in its second (extended) edition. It has been concluded that the research workers dealing with the Polish history of medicine ought to assimilate the results of both research trends quoted above.

France↗
PubMed1980

The occupational history: a neglected area in the clinical history.

The need for detailed occupational histories has been demonstrated by the occurrence of 100,000 deaths from, and 390,000 new cases of, occupational disease each year. Work generated illness takes the form of serious involvement of all bodily organ systems and, in addition, can present as the ill effects of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and teratogenesis. Monographic writings on physical diagnosis and family medicine have failed to give emphasis to a substantial description of the patient's employment and its health effects. Such a complete occupational medical history has as its primary objectives the improvement of medical care and the return of the worker to gainful employment. The elaboration of such a history involves inquiry into all past work performed, the development of symptoms, the health of fellow workers, and knowledge of the preventive medical program offered at the worksite. A detailed work history will aid the primary care physician in the rendering of more intelligent preventive medical attention to the wage earner-patient.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

History of dementia and dementia in history: an overview.

The history of dementia is probably as old as mankind itself. In recent years, considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the epidemiology, the pathogenesis and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders, and the nosology of these disorders is under scrutiny. Furthermore, we are witnessing the emergence of therapeutic agents specifically designed to enhance memory and cognition in AD patients. Despite the limited efficacy of the agents currently available, their introduction has shed an entirely new light on the field. We therefore feel that this is a good time to look at the past to understand the present and perhaps gain insight into the future. This paper reviews the history of dementia and of attitudes about dementia as documented in early medical writings, in recorded history and in the arts. It also examines developments that occurred in Alois Alzheimer's time as well as closer to our day.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1993

Histories of substance abuse, panic and suicidal ideation in schizophrenic patients with histories of post-psychotic depressions.

1. Forty patients who had had syndromally-defined episodes of post-psychotic depression at least 6 months previously were interviewed in detail for life-time histories of substance abuse, panic attacks, and suicidal ideation. 2. No relationship was found between life-time history of suicidal ideation and substance abuse. 3. Statistically significant associations were found between lifetime history of suicidal ideation and both a life-time history of panic attacks and the panic disorder syndrome.

Adult↗