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PubMed1992

Morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron : substitution of auxin and cytokinin requirement for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in geranium hypocotyl cultures.

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in hypocotyl explants of geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) cultured on media supplemented with various concentrations of N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron). In less than 2 weeks, somatic embryos were observed in treatments containing levels of thidiazuron (TDZ) ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 micromolar. The use of N(6)-benzylaminopurine in combination with indole-3-acetic acid also evoked embryogenesis, but the efficiency of somatic embryo production was significantly lower than that obtained with TDZ. Hypocotyl culture for only 2 days on TDZ-supplemented medium before transfer to a basal medium was sufficient for inducing somatic embryogenesis. This distinction between the induction and expression of embryogenesis may provide an experimental system for studying the developmental biology of somatic embryogenesis. Substitution of the auxin-cytokinin requirement for the induction of somatic embryogenesis by TDZ suggests the possibility of a novel mode of its action by modulation of endogenous growth regulators.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Floral dimorphism, pollination, and self-fertilization in gynodioecious GERANIUM RICHARDSONII (Geraniaceae).

The selective maintenance of gynodioecy depends on the relative fitness of the male-sterile (female) and hermaphroditic morphs. Females may compensate for their loss of male fitness by reallocating resources from male function (pollen production and pollinator attraction) to female function (seeds and fruits), thus increasing seed production. Females may also benefit from their inability to self-fertilize if selfing and inbreeding depression reduce seed quality in hermaphrodites. We investigated how differences in floral resource allocation (flower size) between female and hermaphroditic plants affect two measures of female reproductive success, pollinator visitation and pollen receipt, in gynodioecious populations of Geranium richardsonii in Colorado. Using emasculation treatments in natural populations, we further examined whether selfing by autogamy and geitonogamy comprises a significant proportion of pollen receipt by hermaphrodites. Flowers of female plants are significantly smaller than those of hermaphrodites. The reduction in allocation to pollinator-attracting structures (petals) is correlated with a significant reduction in pollinator visitation to female flowers in artificial arrays. The reduction in attractiveness is further manifested in significantly less pollen being deposited on the stigmas of female flowers in natural populations. Autogamy is rare in these protandrous flowers, and geitonogamy accounts for most of the difference in pollen receipt between hermaphrodites and females. Female success at receiving pollen was negatively frequency dependent on the relative frequency of females in populations. Thus, two of the prerequisites for the maintenance of females in gynodioecious populations, differences in resource allocation between floral morphs and high selfing rates in hermaphrodites, occur in G. richardsonii.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

[Pharmcognostial study on the Geranium wilfordii var. glandulosum].

First time has done pharmcognostical research on the Geranium wilfordii Maxim var. glandulosum Z. M. Tan, including microscopic identification, chemical qualitative test and bacteriostatic test.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗

PubMed1989

A study on the antiviral action of a polyphenolic complex isolated from the medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. VIII. Inhibitory effect on the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1.

The antiviral activity of a polyphenolic complex, isolated from a Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L., on the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1 was studied. The substance inhibited the intracellular stages of viral replication and exhibited a virucidal effect.

Antiviral Agents↗

PubMed1995

Inhibition of influenza virus protein synthesis by a plant preparation from Geranium sanguineum L.

A polyphenolic complex (PC) with antiviral properties has been isolated from the Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of PC on virus-specific protein synthesis in influenza virus-infected cells. The expression of viral glycoproteins on the surface of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with virus A/FPV, strain Rostock (H7N1) was suppressed. Virus protein synthesis was selectively inhibited as shown by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 35S-methionine-labelled proteins and proteins immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent and better pronounced when PC was applied after virus infection. Two variants of influenza virus FPV/Rostock with reduced drug susceptibility were selected. PC affected to a lesser extent the synthesis of viral proteins in cells infected with the variants as compared to the sensitive parental virus.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Combined effect of selected antiviral substances of natural and synthetic origin. II. Anti-influenza activity of a combination of a polyphenolic complex isolated from Geranium sanguineum L. and rimantadine in vivo.

The synergistic effect shown by the combination of a natural product, polyphenolic complex (PC) isolated from Geranium sanguineum L., and rimantadine (R) in vitro and in ovo [7], encouraged us to continue these studies by in vivo testing. A marked protective effect in experimental influenza virus A (H3N2) infection in mice was found when PC was applied nasally (i.n.) (1.0 mg/kg) only once 6 h before infection in combination with R applied orally in concentration 10.5 and 2.5 mg/kg 2h before and 2.24 and 48 h after viral inoculation (PI = 72.55%, 55% and 57.8% respectively).

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Antiinfective activity of a plant preparation from Geranium sanguineum L.

A methanol extract (PC) has been obtained from the Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. The antiinfective activity of the plant preparation was studied. The extract inhibited the reproduction of a range of viruses (influenza, herpes simplex, vaccinia, HIV-I) in cell cultures. Its antiinfluenza effect was most pronounced; PC reduced the infectivity of various influenza virus strains in vitro and protected mice in experimental influenza infection. The polyphenol extract inhibited the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

Animals↗

PubMed1962