[Interpersonal relations and group processes].
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Group Processes↗
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The contagious leader: impact of the leader's mood on the mood of group members, group affective tone, and group processes.
The present study examined the effects of leaders' mood on (a) the mood of individual group members, (b) the affective tone of groups, and (c) 3 group processes: coordination, effort expenditure, and task strategy. On the basis of a mood contagion model, the authors found that when leaders were in a positive mood, in comparison to a negative mood, (a) individual group members experienced more positive and less negative mood, and (b) groups had a more positive and a less negative affective tone. The authors also found that groups with leaders in a positive mood exhibited more coordination and expended less effort than did groups with leaders in a negative mood. Applied implications of the results are discussed.
Adult↗
The pleasure and reality principles in group process teaching.
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Group Processes↗
Evaluation of group processes in the professional development of mental health nurses.
The purpose of this paper is to report on group process data for 41 registered nurses endorsed as psychiatric nurses. Profile analysis was used to evaluate the flatness of ratings of group interaction by two groups of participants. Accelerated professional development participants had non-flat rating profiles for their ratings of how far group sessions helped them to clarify or validate issues, focused on the 'reasons for' and consequences of session content, achieved resolution of different points of view, or promoted consensus and group cohesiveness. The peer consultation participants had a non-flat rating profile for overall group supportiveness, demonstrating that the participants felt less supported over time.
Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
Evaluation of group processes using visual analogue scales.
Patients in a general hospital psychiatric unit completed Visual Analogue Mood Scales before and after group psychotherapy sessions, and at corresponding times on days without group meetings. Changes in the dispersion of scores between "before" and "after" measurements differed between days with group psychotherapy and days without. Cohesiveness attributable to the group process is suggested as likely explanation for this difference. Factors influencing measurements are investigated and discussed.
Emotions↗
Instituting organizational learning for quality improvement through strategic planning nominal group processes.
Healthcare managers are faced with unprecedented challenges as characterized by managed care constraints, downsizing, increased client needs, and a society demanding more responsive services. Managers must initiate change for quality, efficiency, and survival. This article provides information and strategies for (a) assessing the change readiness of an organization, (b) conducting an organizational diagnosis, (c) instituting a team culture, (d) developing a change strategy, (e) integrating the strategy with a quality improvement process, and (f) identifying the leadership skills to implement organization renewal. Nominal group processes, namely, SWOT and the Search Conference, are described, and case examples are provided. The implementation strategies have been used successfully in a variety of milieus; practical advice for success is described in detail.
Education, Continuing↗
Initiating group process with parents of multihandicapped children.
Resistance, tacit and otherwise, should be expected when attempting to introduce group process in a medically oriented setting where concern about the emotional sequelae of physical disabilities is minimal. A "street corner" approach was used to motivate parents of young children with severe handicaps to participate in a "workshop" program addressed to concrete concerns of child care, while at the same time dealing with parental feelings of shame and guilt arising from the birth of a physically defective child.
Attitude↗
The many dimensions of group process. A discussion of the treatment of Sandy.
What is presented is a summary of the study group's discussion of Dr. Olesker's work with her patient Sandy. A spotlight was thrown on the group process with an emphasis on the organic nature of how this group of psychoanalysts came to grips with the nature of Sandy's inner world. One central issue which challenged the group was how to conceptualize the structure of her mind: Was she a child whose mental life could best be described as compromised by a fundamental biological frailty so that a primary emptiness or inchoate quality of mental contents reigned? If so, technical interventions which turned on narrative building were viewed as the principal therapeutic action. On the other hand, if her difficulties were perceived as stemming primarily from primitive psychological anxieties of annihilation and separateness, a dynamic approach was agreed upon as the preferred mode of treatment. Other issues regarding the transformational potentialities in the developmental process and the use of the analyst as a transformational object were also highlighted. Lastly, I offered my own perspective as to what I imagined occurred between Dr. Olesker and Sandy over the course of her treatment which enabled Sandy to change.
Child↗
Group process and success in meeting the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations review.
Attention to and use of group process with hospital staff can contribute significantly to success in preparing for and passing a review by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Group format, key elements, stages of group development, factors to facilitate group work, and the role of the leader are addressed.
Group Processes↗
The use of narrative data to inform the psychotherapeutic group process with suicide survivors.
While bereavement is considered by many to be among one of the most stressful life events, it becomes even more distressing when it is related to the suicide of a loved one. A synopsis of psychosocial outcomes of suicide survivor bereavement is presented along with an overview of group interventions designed to help these survivors cope with their grief. The structure of an ongoing eight-week bereavement support group is described to lay a foundation for the application of narrative theory within the group process. Using narrative theory and structural analysis, the discourse of group members is presented and various themes are discussed in an effort to contribute to the task of developing effective psychotherapeutic group interventions for survivors of suicide.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Rehabilitation after mastectomy: the group process.
Mastectomy is a frequently performed, emotionally stressful surgical procedure. Based on theories of loss and grief and crisis intervention, an in-hospital group program has been established to facilitate rehabilitation of patient and family. This paper discusses the alleviation of grief reactions and the fostering of growth-producing behavior through early postoperative participation in such groups. The function of the social worker as a member of an interdisciplinary team is examined, with particular focus on skills involved in promoting and enhancing the group process.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Group process in teaching family dynamics to family practice residents.
Behavioral science training in family practice at Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, has used small group seminars to teach family dynamics on an experiential level. The group process is similar enough to dynamics within families to facilitate understanding by introspection. Small groups are an efficient method for teaching, and allow experiential learning to occur spontaneously as well as on a planned basis.
Family↗
Communalization as an active psychotherapeutic group process.
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Group Processes↗
The use of group process in the education of renal patients and families: a multi-centred collaborative approach.
As health care systems are redefined in the 1990s, and as resources decrease, group work is effective as an intervention. Social workers from three acute care hospitals utilized group process as the primary theoretical framework to develop a four-week education/support program for renal patients and families. In collaboration with other health care team members, program format and content were defined within a group development model. In addition, an understanding of the adjustment process, and educational and emotional needs of group participants were inherent in the planning. Interdisciplinary team members from three centres shared responsibility for the agenda which created greater investment and ownership. Evaluation of the program incorporated patient and family feedback from each session and, as a result, content was further developed and refined. This collaborative approach has become a standard component of renal care in the community. However, the integrity of each centre's nephrology program has been maintained. This article describes an educational program for renal patients and families which was developed collaboratively by three nephrology programs. Data collected from 1993 to 1997 have been incorporated.
Adult↗
Group process and social climate of GROW, a community mental health organisation.
GROW, a community based mutual-help organisation, aims to provide the means for those who have been mentally ill to rehabilitate themselves and grow personally. We measured psychiatric symptoms, group processes, social environment and perceived social support in a sample of GROW group members. We found that GROW does provide the opportunity for and encourages some personal changes and does provide social support. We could not draw any conclusions about GROW's efficacy as a rehabilitative agent.
Australia↗
Group psychotherapy: individual and cultural dynamics in a group process.
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Group Processes↗