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Maternal anogenital licking (MAGL) has been studied to understand the mechanism of maternal behaviour. The present study showed that rats had glycosuria at the concentration of 18-20 mg/dl and glucose was the preference of postpartum rats. MAGL increased on suckling rats separated for 24 h. However, wiping anogenital region attenuated the increase of MAGL. Therefore, glucose preference of postpartum rats may be involved in MAGL.
More than 700 insulin-dependent diabetic patients of both sexes and all ages have attended an education and stabilization course. Twelve adult females and four adult males were subsequently issued the means to monitor their blood glucose in their homes. Two of the adult females were pregnant, while the other 14 patients had one or more of the following: renal failure, an abnormal renal threshold, diabetic retinopathy, or continued and unexplained instability. A number of children were also issued Ames reflectometers. Eleven out of 13 male patients between the ages of 12 and 18 yr had no special difficulties except for a poor correlation between minor degrees of glycosuria and blood glucose estimations. One youth had a renal threshold of 17 mmol/L, while a recently diagnosed youth had a varying renal threshold. Eleven out of 17 teenage female diabetic patients had no correlation between urinary and blood glucose estimations with an apparant varying renal threshold being common. Four of these patients had a reflectometer on loan for 6--8 wk, but in three there was continued instability. Two others, who had continued use of home monitoring of blood glucose, had normoglycemia upon review. One of these patients had what appeared to be a varying renal threshold while unstable but a normal threshold with diabetic stability. Regardless of the cause of the disparity between blood and uninary glucose estimations, it appears that the unstable teenage female diabetic patient cannot rely upon urinalysis as a guide to insulin dosage.
This study documents glycosuria effects of xylazine and ketamine in eight captive and 19 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from January to April 1985. Mean urinary glucose:creatinine ratios in two groups of deer fed high protein-high energy and low protein-low energy diets and in free-ranging deer were 1,000, 719, and 259, respectively. Glucose did not occur in urine of deer immobilized by physical restraint. Glucose:creatinine increased with the time interval between xylazine injection and urine collection in the two groups of captive deer.
In 52 subjects where after 10.6 +/- 7 years after detection of glycosuria on fasting normal glucose tolerance persists some risk factors and early biochemical changes indicating possible later development of diabetes were evaluated. 73% of the subjects had a positive family-history of diabetes and 61% were obese. In 42% of the subjects during the present examination glucose in urine was detected only after a glucose load. In 35% of the subjects pathological serum values of glycoproteins were found and their mean fasting blood sugar levels and levels 60 minutes after a glucose load were significantly higher, although in the range of normal oGTT, as compared with the group with normal glycoprotein levels. 21% had pathological values of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels in serum and urine and concurrently significantly higher IRI values 60 and 120 minutes after a glucose load, than the group with a normal value. In obese subjects, as compared with those with a normal body weight, there were significantly higher mean blood sugar levels on fasting and 60 minutes after a glucose load and the same applies to IRI levels on fasting and after 60 minutes following stimulation. The authors discuss the causes and interrelations of the assembled results.
The effect of the new antibiotics imipenem-cilastatin and ciprofloxacin on the accuracy of tests for glycosuria was studied. Samples of urine from two healthy volunteers were used to prepare solutions containing various concentrations of glucose and drug. Glucose concentrations were tested in triplicate by the Clinitest, Tes-Tape, and Diastix methods. As controls, samples of urine containing the antibiotics alone or various concentrations of glucose and cefazolin were tested by each of the three methods. Low concentrations of imipenem-cilastatin caused falsely low glucose results in urine samples containing 0.5% and 1% glucose analyzed by the Clinitest method. Ciprofloxacin did not interfere with determination of urine glucose concentration by the Clinitest method at any of the drug concentrations tested. Neither of the antibiotics interfered substantially with determination of urine glucose concentration by the Diastix or Tes-Tape methods regardless of the concentration of glucose or drug. At the concentrations tested, ciprofloxacin did not interfere with determination of urine glucose concentration by the Clinitest, Diastin, or Tes-Tape methods. Although imipenem-cilastatin may produce falsely low glucose measurements with the Clinitest method, this interaction is not of great clinical importance.
Systematic assays of glycosylated haemoglobin were performed to verify that pregnant women with glycosuria and normal fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance tests had no disturbances in glycoregulation . Glycosylated haemoglobin levels were measured in 25 glycosuric women on the second (n = 11) or third (n = 14) trimester of pregnancy and compared with those of 81 non-glycosuric women of similar weight and gestational age. On the third trimester, glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in glycosuric women of normal weight than in controls (5.85% versus 5.08%; p less than 0.01). They were also significantly higher in obese glycosuric women than in controls of the same weight (6.71% versus 5.3%; p less than 0.001) and exceeded normal limits. These results should encourage better detection (by glucose tolerance test) and better supervision of women with "renal" diabetes.
We have evaluated the autoantibody pattern, the production of specific immunoglobulins against bacteria in the urinary tract and lymphocytes populations in peripheral blood of primary renal glycosuria patients. All the affected members present autoantibodies against various antigens. In nine patients immunofluorescence revealed antibody coated bacteria in urine specimens. Imbalances in lymphocytes subpopulations are also present, with a reduction of OKT8+ cells and an increase of B and natural killer cells. These results support previous observations about immunological abnormalities in these patients.
Idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia is not a common disease. We studied the renal tubular function in such patients. Patients have lower calcium than controls (8.46 mg/dl +/- 0.59 vs 9.16 +/- 0.53). We have highlighted the multiple renal anomalies observed in patients with this type of hemopathy. The serum phosphate levels are lower in patients than in controls (2.73 +/- 0.36 vs 3.3 +/- 0.55 mg/dl, p = 0.0048). We found higher glycosuria (21:43 +/- 42.58 vs 0.0 +/- 0.0 mg/dl), total aminoaciduria (6280 +/- 3943 vs 4138 +/- 2269 microMol/g creatinine, p = 0.19) and lower maximum capacity for phosphate reabsorption by the renal tube (TmPO4) (2.11 +/- 0.38 vs 2.9 +/- 0.73 mg/100 ml GFR, p = 0.0027) in the patients. The association between idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia and the multiple tubular anomalies corresponding to the syndrome initially described by Fanconi has not been reported to date. The underlying mechanism is not understood, but, taken separately, these two anomalies commonly present heme metabolic anomalies in the mitochondria. We hypothesize that this syndrome could represent the clinical expression of a mitochondrial cytopathology.
A patient with psoriasis is described who had an abnormal response to the glucose tolerance test without other evidence of diabetes and then developed postprandial hyperglycemia and glycosuria during a period of topical administration of a corticosteroid cream, halcinonide cream 0.1%, under occlusion. A second patient with a similar glucose tolerance test result showed postprandial hyperglycemia when treated similarly with betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%. Two additional patients with midly abnormal responses to glucose tolerance tests showed no evidence of altered glucose metabolism when treated with halcinonide cream in a similar manner.
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