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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Functional analysis of human bronchial mucosal T cells extracted with interleukin-2.

Functional analysis of T cells from the bronchial mucosa has been limited by difficulties in extracting T cells from this tissue. Because interleukin-2 (IL-2) is chemotactic for T cells, we determined whether this cytokine could be used to extract T cells from human bronchial wall (BW). Fresh tissue was obtained from 21 patients undergoing surgery for malignancy. Within the BW, 95% of T cells stained for the memory/activation marker CD45RO. When BW sections were incubated with IL-2 for 24 h, 88 to 91% of T cells emigrated into the culture medium. Compared with autologous blood T cells (also exposed to IL-2), these BW T cells expressed CD2 at a greater intensity and showed a fourfold reduction in cloning efficiency in response to phytohemagglutinin, and T-cell clones derived from the BW population displayed a tendency for higher interferon-gamma production. Furthermore, we were also able to extract and clone T cells from bronchoscopic biopsies in four subjects, suggesting that this method will provide a new avenue for examining T-cell function in airway inflammatory diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

About the possibilities of registration of drug influence by means of radiocardiographic function analysis.

Changes in cardiac dynamics were analyzed by means of radiocardiographic function analysis under an infusion of epinephrine using the method of RAB. Typical changes in heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure were observed after the application of epinephrine. Compared to examinations under physical exercise in case of healthy control subjects there was no typical decrease of enddiastolic volume dependent on the heart rate. Ejection time and ejection velocity was placed within the variation compared to values of a control group under physical exercise but there was a steeper increase of the curve under the effect of epinephrine. Under the influence of Solcoseryl no significant change could be observed in this series of tests compared to the basic values. The effect of epinephrine was changed by Solcoseryl in the way of an essentially smaller rise in heart rate and of a definite prolongation in diastolic time. A change in ejection time under the influence of epinephrine after the application of Solcoseryl could not be found. This allows the conclusion, that under the influence of Solcoseryl and after the administration of epinephrine better conditions for the metabolic restitution of heart muscle are given and consequently a direct effect of Solcoseryl on the heart muscle can be assumed.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1994

Discriminant function analysis of body surface potential maps in acute myocardial infarction.

Using a newly developed 64-electrode portable mapping device, QRS and ST-T isointegral maps were compared in 194 control subjects and 101 patients. One hundred ninety-four control subjects (mean age, 48 years; 120 men) with no history of cardiac disease were selected randomly and mapped. One hundred one patients (mean age, 62 years; 77 men) were mapped at presentation of chest pain suggestive of first myocardial infarction (MI); all patients had classic 12-lead electrocardiographic findings--46 with anterior and 55 with inferior MI. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by a significant rise in serial cardiac enzymes. The mean delay between onset of chest pain to map recording was 163 minutes. Of the 101 patients, 78 were first mapped outside the hospital. Applying discriminant function analysis to the isointegral measurements made on the control subjects and on the first map of MI patients achieved a correct classification of 97% of the control subjects (189 of 194) and 72% of the anterior (33 of 46) and 76% of the inferior (42 of 55) MI groups. This preliminary study suggests that discriminant function analysis, based on isointegral maps, not only provides a method of separating control subjects from MI patients but that it can also differentiate between types of infarct. Further studies are required to improve the predictive values of discriminant function and to extend the methodology to assess both the site and size of MI.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Functional analysis of a p21WAF1,CIP1,SDI1 mutant (Arg94 --> Trp) identified in a human breast carcinoma. Evidence that the mutation impairs the ability of p21 to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases.

Human p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1, or SDI1) is a dual inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and the replication factor PCNA, which plays a role as a downstream mediator of the cell-cycle arrest induced by the tumor suppressor p53. To determine whether inactivation of downstream targets of p53 might contribute to cellular transformation, we have examined the integrity of the p21 gene in 36 invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Direct sequence analysis of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified p21 gene revealed a C to T transition in codon 94 that caused the substitution of a tryptophan for an arginine in a tumor specimen. This mutation was not detected in normal DNA extracted from the same patient nor in a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of 50 unrelated individuals, indicating that it corresponds to a tumor-specific alteration. Functional analysis of the p21(R94W) protein produced in different eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems revealed that this mutation impaired the ability of p21 to inhibit CDKs. By contrast, the R94W mutant was unaltered in its ability to promote cyclin-CDK association as well as in its ability to bind proliferating cell nuclear antigen, thus leaving its putative functions as kinase activator or as inhibitor of replicative DNA synthesis intact. On the basis of these functional analysis, we propose that the Arg residue at position 94 is important for the CDK inhibitory role of p21.

Arginine↗
PubMed1995

Functional analysis and treatment of escape-maintained aggression correlated with sleep deprivation.

Functional analysis identified the consequences that maintained aggressive behavior and the relationship between these consequences and sleep deprivation for an individual with severe mental retardation. Results showed that aggression was maintained by negative reinforcement contingencies (escape from demand) and that aggression was more severe when sleep deprivation was present. A multicomponent intervention resulted in reductions of aggression for up to 7 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Functional analysis in stomatology].

A survey of diagnostic details is made on which functional analysis is based. Symptoms connected with the temporo-mandibular joint, muscle palpation, radiological demonstration of the temporo-mandibular joint, and registration of the positional jaw relation are especially dealt with. The methods of examination which are prerequisite to a safe diagnosis are critically evaluated.

Dental Articulators↗
PubMed1983

Multiple discriminant function analysis of sex and race in the postcranial skeleton.

Terry Collection femora and innominates of 260 American Whites and Blacks (65 males and 65 females of each race) were analyzed by multiple discriminant function analysis. A stepwise procedure produced three optimal discriminant functions using 15 of our 32 measurements. These functions correctly identified 95% of the sample. The first two-one for sex and one for race-are statistically and biologically significant and form the basis of our analysis. The sexing function manifested both size and shape elements. Prominent among the former was joint size--acetabular diameter and epicondylar diameter of the femur. The shape elements included form of the greater sciatic notch and of the inferomedial aspect of the pubic body. The racing function highlighted a pattern of greater innominate dimensions, exclusive of the acetabular joint, in Whites. This was in contrast to the greater length of the Black femur. Overall, the function seems to express the established differences between the races in the ratio of lower limb length to torso length. While these functions have been applied successfully to forensic cases with confirmed identifications, questions regarding the breadth of applicability of discriminant functions make it desirable to validate our results on new material from the Terry and other collections.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

In vivo functional analysis of the Ras exchange factor son of sevenless.

The Son of sevenless (Sos) protein functions as a guanine nucleotide transfer factor for Ras and interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Sevenless through the protein Drk, a homolog of mammalian Grb2. In vivo structure-function analysis revealed that the amino terminus of Sos was essential for its function in flies. A molecule lacking the amino terminus was a potent dominant negative. In contrast, a Sos fragment lacking the Drk binding sites was functional and its activity was dependent on the presence of the Sevenless receptor. Furthermore, membrane localization of Sos was independent of Drk. A possible role for Drk as an activator of Sos is discussed and a Drk-independent interaction between Sos and Sevenless is proposed that is likely mediated by the pleckstrin homology domain within the amino terminus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Functional analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 by complementation with adenovirus E1A mutants.

Functional analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein by complementation with adenovirus E1A mutants in baby rat kidney cells has shown that the retinoblastoma gene product (RB)-binding region of E7 can substitute in trans for that of E1A. An N-terminal E7 mutant was unable to complement an E1A mutant unable to bind p300, indicating that the two mutants were defective for functionally equivalent activities. E7 proteins with mutations within the RB-binding region were also unable to complement either the non-p300-binding E1A mutant or the N-terminal E7 mutant, suggesting that these mutations affect more than just RB binding.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1994

Functional analysis of transcription of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rDNA-encoding gene.

A functional analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and processing was undertaken in this study. RNA:DNA hybridizations indicated that the maximum transcriptional activity of rRNA-encoding genes (rDNA) corresponded to the earliest period of exponential growth. Transcription start points (tsp) were mapped by primer extension analysis of RNA from M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. tuberculosis H37Ra. An identical pattern of rRNA transcription and processing was exhibited in laboratory-grown cultures of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra. One promoter represents the structural equivalent of the Escherichia coli rrn P2 promoter. The precursor transcripts are processed into mature 16S rRNA through a pathway that includes recognition of RNA secondary structure by ribonuclease III (RNase III) in the stem structure surrounding the 16S rRNA indicating that at least this RNA processing step is conserved in mycobacteria and E. coli. The 16S rDNA promoter region from H37Rv was cloned upstream from the promoterless chloramphenicol (Cm) acetyltransferase (CAT)-encoding gene (cat) in a shuttle plasmid vector, pSD7. The promoter-fusion construct, pSD7.16S, was characterized by CAT assays, measurement of percent survival in Cm-containing medium and in vivo transcription analysis in M. smegmatis. The M. smegmatis transformant exhibited a CAT activity of 16,669 nmol/min per mg protein, suggesting that the 16S promoter was of exceptionally high strength. Two tsp utilized in M. tuberculosis were also employed in M. smegmatis. The cat mRNA synthesized under the direction of the ribosomal promoter was less stable, as compared to genome-derived rRNA.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

[Importance of a structural and functional analysis of the fallopian epithelium in tubal pregnancy and endometrial adenocarcinoma].

The structural-functional analysis of the uterine tube epithelium is proposed as an additional indirect index of the ovarian hormonal activity. Several standard types of the tubal epithelium are distinguished (proliferative, secretory, gravidal, non-functional, proliferative-hyperplastic) which are characteristic of certain level of various sex hormones in the woman organism. The control data obtained are used for the evaluation of the hormonal background in women with tubal pregnancy and endometrial carcinoma. The signs of ovarian dysfunction were observed in 55.2 and 43.3% of cases respectively and these symptoms were reflected in the pathogenesis and clinical picture of the diseases studied.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Structure-function analysis of the histidine permease and comparison with cystic fibrosis mutations.

Traffic ATPases constitute a superfamily of transporters that include prokaryotic permeases and medically important eukaryotic proteins, such as the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein and the cystic fibrosis gene product. We present a structure-function analysis of a member of this superfamily, the prokaryotic histidine permease, using mutations generated both in vitro and in vivo, and assaying several biochemical functions. The analysis supports a previously predicted structural model and allows the assignment of specific functions to several predicted structural features. Mutations in the secondary structure features which form the nucleotide-binding pocket in general cause the loss of ATP binding activity. Mutations in the helical domain retain ATP binding activity. Several mutations have been identified which may affect the signaling mechanism between ATP hydrolysis and membrane translocation. We relate our findings to those emerging from the recent biochemical and genetic analyses of cystic fibrosis mutations.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed1991

Transfer function analysis of the circulation: unique insights into cardiovascular regulation.

We have demonstrated previously that transfer function analysis can be used to precisely characterize the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in normal humans. To further investigate the role of the autonomic nervous system in RSA and to understand the complex links between respiratory activity and arterial pressure, we determined the transfer functions between respiration, heart rate (HR), and phasic, systolic, diastolic, and pulse arterial pressures in 14 healthy subjects during 6-min periods in which the respiratory rate was controlled in a predetermined but erratic fashion. Pharmacological autonomic blockade with atropine, propranolol, and both, in combination with changes in posture, was used to characterize the sympathetic and vagal contributions to these relationships, as well as to dissect the direct mechanical links between respiration and arterial pressure from the effects of the RSA on arterial pressure. We found that 1) the pure sympathetic (standing + atropine) HR response is characterized by markedly reduced magnitude at frequencies greater than 0.1 Hz and a phase delay, whereas pure vagal (supine + propranolol) modulation of HR is characterized by higher magnitude at all frequencies and no phase delay; 2) both the mechanical links between respiration and arterial pressure and the RSA contribute significantly to the effects of respiration on arterial pressure; 3) the RSA contribution to arterial pressure fluctuations is significant for vagal but not for sympathetic modulation of HR; 4) the mechanical effects of respiration on arterial pressure are related to the negative rate of change of instantaneous lung volume; 5) the mechanical effects have a higher magnitude during systole than during diastole; and 6) the mechanical effects are larger in teh standing than the supine position. Most of these findings can be explained by a simple model of circulatory control based on previously published experimental transfer functions from our laboratory.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A brief functional analysis of aggressive and alternative behavior in an outclinic setting.

We conducted a brief functional analysis to identify maintaining variable for aggressive behavior and an alternative replacement response during a 90-min outpatient evaluation of 3 individuals with severe handicaps. During the initial analogue assessment, which focused on identifying maintaining contingencies for aggressive behavior, each participant displayed a substantially greater frequency of aggressive behavior during one condition than during any other. The contingency that produced the highest percentage of aggressive behavior was then presented for the occurrence of a specific alternative behavior (a mand). During this contingency reversal phase, each participant displayed a substantial reduction in aggressive behavior and a substantial increase in alternative behavior, thus providing a direct analysis of the equivalency of the contingency for maintaining either behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Functional analysis of the expression of the 3'-phosphoglycerate kinase pgk gene in Aspergillus nidulans.

A functional analysis of the Aspergillus nidulans 3-phosphoglycerate kinase pgk promoter was undertaken using gene fusions to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli, and introducing these into a beta-galactosidase-deficient strain of A. nidulans. Expression of a particular gene fusion in transformed strains depends upon the site of integration of the vector into the genome, and when specifically targeted to the catabolic quinate dehydrogenase qutE (selective marker) locus is directly proportional to its copy number. The analysis of transformed strains with single copies of pgk promoter deletion--lacZ fusions at the qutE locus identified three constitutive, positively acting sequence elements in the pgk gene. Sequence located between -161 and -120 nucleotides relative to the transcript start site +1, and including an element with a seven-out-of-eight nucleotide match (AAGCAAAT; -131 to -124) to the consensus eukaryotic octamer sequence ATGCAAAT, is essential for expression, and deletion of the complete 41-nucleotide sequence abolishes transcription. Sequence encompassing codons 14 to 183 and including the two introns of pgk contributes approximately one-third of the total activity, and far upstream sequence 5' to position -638 contributes approximately a further one-third total activity. In addition, sequence located -638 to -488 nucleotides, which includes an apparent consensus feature of A. nidulans glycolytic genes, affects carbon source-dependent regulation of expression. This region is required for an approximately 50% increase in pgk expression when A. nidulans is grown on gluconeogenic compared with glycolytic carbon sources.

Aspergillus nidulans↗
PubMed1985

Incremental value of the exercise treadmill test in determining the extent of coronary artery disease: a discriminant function analysis.

This study was undertaken to determine whether it was possible to use a multivariate discriminant function analysis to assess the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with angina pectoris. One hundred and forty-three patients diagnosed as having angina pectoris who formed a 'learning group' were subjected to an exercise test on a treadmill using a Bruce protocol. The items of data from the test least likely to be influenced by beta blockade were considered for the analysis along with two discrete variables (the gender and the use of beta blockers). All the patients subsequently underwent coronary angiography and the severity of the coronary artery disease was graded according to a scoring system. In addition, patients in 'learning group' were classified into two 'Groups', (I) those with normal vessels or with disease in one or two of the major arteries, (II) those with disease in the left main stem or in all three major arteries. The multivariate analysis yielded a score based upon 4 factors: (i) gender, (ii) percentage increase in double product at the highest level of exercise achieved, (iii) duration of ST depression in the recovery period and (iv) the summation of the ST depression in the standard electrocardiogram excluding lead aVR. There was a significant overall correlation between the discriminant function score and the coronary artery score for severity of the disease. In addition, it was found that, of patients having discriminant function score below 0, 96% (69/72) were in Group I. The post-test risk of a positive test was 0.005.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1993

Functional analysis of the human neurofilament light chain gene promoter.

We have carried out a structural and functional analysis on the human NF-L (H-NF-L) gene. It contains a methylation-free island, spanning the 5' flanking sequences and the first exon and a number of neuronal-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites have been identified in the upstream region as well as within the body of the gene. Analysis in cell lines and transgenic mice using a combination of these sites has revealed the presence of a conserved element(s) between -300bp and -190bp which is required for neuronal-specific expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The use of functional analysis of the ribosome as a tool to determine archaebacterial phylogeny.

Forty different antibiotics with diverse kingdom and functional specificities were used to measure the functional characteristics of the archaebacterial translation apparatus. The resulting inhibitory curves, which are characteristic of the cell-free system analyzed, were transformed into quantitative values that were used to cluster the different archaebacteria analyzed. This cluster resembles the phylogenetic tree generated by 16S rRNA sequence comparisons. These results strongly suggest that functional analysis of an appropriate evolutionary clock, such as the ribosome, is of intrinsic phylogenetic value. More importantly, they indicate that the study of the nexus between genotypic and phenotypic (functional) information may shed considerable light on the evolution of the protein synthetic machinery.

Archaea↗