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PubMed2006

Ultraviolet A-1 as a treatment for ulcerative lichen planus of the feet.

Ulcerative lichen planus of the feet is a rare variant of lichen planus characterized by the constellation of a chronic bullous and ulcerative eruption limited to the feet, atrophy of involved skin and nails, and cicatricial alopecia. Only split-thickness skin grafting has here to been documented to be effective. We here report a case with ulcerative lichen planus of the feet successfully treated with medium-dose ultraviolet A-1.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Onychomycosis in white line disease in horses: pathology, mycology and clinical features.

This paper describes onychomycosis in horses and reports the pathological findings, associated fungi and incidence of concurrent white line disease. In addition to these observations, relevance between post mortem and clinical findings of onychomycosis are discussed in 3 necropsied horses. Samples were collected from 100 hooves from a total of 51 Thoroughbreds suffering from white line disease. Of these, 15 hooves from 13 horses were also complicated with severe hoof wall fissure formation. Preparations from the same samples were used both for histopathology and for culture to identify the associated fungi. Onychomycosis was diagnosed when it could be confirmed histologically. Fungal identification was based on morphological characteristics in culture and the associated fungi were determined by comparison with culture morphology. As a result, 10 samples collected from horses were diagnosed as suffering from onychomycosis. Seven of these showed complicating severe inner hoof wall fissures and the soil fungus Scedosporium apiospermum or the teleomorph of this fungus, i.e., Pseudallescheria boydii, was isolated. The fungus was found to be ubiquitous in the fissure cavities, the terminal horn of the white line and the terminal horn-like laminae of the metaplastic white line-like tissue. It can be concluded that onychomycosis frequently causes white line disease and/or makes it worse. Associated with deterioration of the submural condition, the main associated fungus for onychomycosis in this series, was Genus Scedosporium and the most susceptible region was the terminal horn of the hypertrophied white line and/or the terminal horn-like laminae of the metaplastic white line-like tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Foot pathology in insulin dependent diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: Foot pathology is a major source of morbidity in adults with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine if children with insulin dependent diabetes have an increased incidence of foot pathology compared with non-diabetic children. DESIGN: Questionnaire, clinical examination, and biomechanical assessment. SUBJECTS: 67 diabetic children and a comparison group matched for age, sex, and social class. RESULTS: We found significantly more foot pathology in the children with diabetes (52 children) than the comparison group (28 children); with more biomechanical anomalies (58 children with diabetes, 34 comparison group); and a higher incidence of abnormal skin conditions (53 children with diabetes, 27 comparison group). Forty two children with diabetes had received foot health education compared with 27 in the comparison group, but the study revealed ignorance and misconceptions among the diabetic group, and previous contact with a podiatrist was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: The survey suggests that children with diabetes have an increased incidence of foot pathology justifying greater input of podiatric care in the hope of preventing later problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Complications of ascending phlebography of the leg.

Forty patients were studied prospectively for complications of ascending phlebography. The commonest immediate complication was pain at the site of injection and the commonest delayed complication pain in the foot or calf. Out of 30 patients with pain in the foot and calf, 15 had venous thrombosis. Review of 200 case notes disclosed only one recorded complication--namely, necrosis of the dorsal skin of the foot. Complications of the procedure reported by referring clinicians over 10 years comprised four cases of necrosis of the dorsum of the foot and two of gangrene of the foot, in one of which the gangrene spread to the leg. Major complications of ascending phlebography are rare, though when they occur may cause serious morbidity. If a scrupulous technique is used contrast phlebography remains the most accurate method of diagnosing venous disease of the leg.

Foot Dermatoses↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of interdigital dermatitis in sheep from 1999 to 2000.

As part of an investigation into improving the treatment and control of lameness in sheep flocks in England and Wales, a postal survey was conducted in November 2000. Farmers were asked to estimate the prevalence of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in their flocks. In the ewes the prevalence of interdigital dermatitis remained relatively stable throughout the year, but there was a large increase in lambs during late spring and early summer. Logistic regression models were used to assess statistically significant risk factors associated with prevalences of the condition of 5 per cent or more in ewes and 10 per cent or more in lambs. Factors that increased the risk in ewes were 'sometimes/never' catching lame sheep compared with 'always' farm land 100 m or less above sea level and renting-in winter grazing; factors that increased the risk in lambs were a prevalence of 5 per cent or more of footrot in ewes, 'sometimes/never' catching lame ewes compared with 'always', 'sometimes/never' treating ewes with footrot with parenteral antibiotics compared with 'always', showing sheep at agricultural events, farm land 100 m or less above sea level, and a prevalence of 5 per cent or more of interdigital dermatitis in ewes. Turning sheep on to a field which had been free from livestock for at least two weeks after footbathing decreased the risk of interdigital dermatitis in lambs. Footbathing without the use of a clean field compared with not footbathing did not significantly affect the prevalence of the interdigital dermatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep: farmers' practices, opinions and attitudes.

In 1999, a study was initiated to improve the treatment and control of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep flocks in England and Wales. In November 2000, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in which 392 sheep farmers were asked to estimate the prevalence of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in their flock in the previous 12 months, whether they considered these diseases to be a problem, how they treated and controlled them and their opinion on the success of the treatment and control measures that they used; 209 of them provided usable responses. The farmers tended to be more concerned as the prevalence of the diseases increased; 91 per cent of the farmers with a prevalence of footrot of less than 5 per cent considered it a small or very small problem on their farm, but 51 per cent of the farmers with a prevalence of 5 per cent or more also considered it to be a small or very small problem. Approximately 60 per cent of the farmers who used parenteral antibiotics considered that they were good or excellent at treating footrot, and this treatment was associated with a prevalence of less than 5 per cent. A similar proportion of farmers also considered topical foot sprays and footbathing to be good or excellent for controlling footrot or interdigital dermatitis, but these treatments were not associated with a lower prevalence of footrot or interdigital dermatitis. Of the 29 farmers who used a footrot vaccine, 20 (69 per cent) considered it good to excellent and this was associated with a prevalence of footrot of less than 5 per cent in their flock; however, vaccination was not associated with lower levels of footrot across the whole sample. Farmers spent approximately 34 minutes per sheep per year treating and controlling footrot; 31 per cent were prepared to spend more money and more time to manage footrot, 27 per cent were prepared to spend more time, 19 per cent were prepared to spend more money and 23 per cent were not prepared to do either. The farmers who were willing to invest more money or more money and time had a higher prevalence of footrot.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1996

Mycetoma due to Madurella grisea acquired in Mexico.

Mycetomas due to Madurella grisea have been reported from South America, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, Africa and Asia, but only rarely from Mexico. We report a case of mycetoma due to M. grisea acquired in northern Mexico

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Management of cutaneous warts: an evidence-based approach.

Cutaneous warts are benign epidermal proliferations caused by human papillomavirus infection. Treatment aims to cure the patient's physical and psychological discomfort, and to prevent the spread of infection by contact with other body areas or with other individuals. Among the available medical and destructive therapeutic options for cutaneous warts, none is uniformly effective or virucidal. Moreover, in most cases the safety and efficacy of these treatment options has not been assessed in randomized controlled trials, so that the reproducibility of many of the listed treatments is difficult to evaluate and a possible placebo effect cannot be ruled out. This article provides indications for the management of patients with cutaneous warts through an evidence-based approach, considering a first-, second-, and third-line therapy for each clinical form. The first line includes medical treatments useful to cure single, or few, and/or small common warts of short duration (<1 year). If these treatments have failed or are contraindicated, cryotherapy may be considered as second-line therapy. For recurrent or difficult-to-treat lesions, a third-line of therapy includes a variety of alternative therapeutic options that are in clinical use but are not necessarily approved by the US FDA, and their use may be further limited by adverse effects.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2006

An evaluation of the seasonality of veterinary treatments for lameness in UK dairy cattle.

Of the 4 main diseases causing lameness in UK dairy cattle, 2 (digital dermatitis and foul-in-the-foot, or interdigital necrobacillosis) are infectious diseases that are commonly associated with similar underfoot conditions, and 2 (sole ulcer and white-line disease) result from subclinical laminitis. Comparison of the seasonality of these 2 diseases can identify whether their own unique risk factors are more important than the risk factors they share. Using a database from 46 veterinarians distributed across the United Kingdom, the seasonality of treatments for these 4 diseases was evaluated. This analysis showed that the seasonality of lameness in UK dairy cattle was significantly reduced in comparison with previous reports from the 1980s. This was primarily due to 1) a reduction in the seasonality of digital dermatitis (outbreaks of which accounted for 6.7% of veterinary reports), with only 60% of reports during the winter as opposed to 72% in earlier studies, and 2) a change in the seasonality of white-line disease from a disease that was most commonly seen in the winter (55% of reports) to a disease that was most commonly reported in the late summer or early autumn, with significantly more reports in August and October than in February. Comparison of the seasonality of digital dermatitis and foul-in-the-foot showed a significant difference in the seasonality of the 2 diseases, with foul-in-the-foot being significantly more common compared with digital dermatitis in June and August. This implies that significant risk factors exist for digital dermatitis that are not as important for foul-in-the-foot. The difference in the seasonality of sole ulcer and white-line disease was even more marked, with white-line disease being significantly more common than sole ulcer from August to October, despite these diseases being more closely linked in the literature than digital dermatitis and foul-in-the-foot. This comparison shows that the seasonality of lameness has changed in the United Kingdom and that white-line disease has significantly different risk factors than sole ulcer.

Animals↗