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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Retinal pigment epitheliopathy and neuroretinal degeneration in ascarid-infected eyes.

The generalized choroidal and retinal response to a focal nonreplicating infection of the eye with ascarid larvae was examined in an animal model. Intravitreal injection of Ascaris suum larvae in guinea pigs induced a diffuse eosinophilic choroiditis, retinal pigment epitheliopathy and neuroretinal degeneration, distant from focal reactions about larvae. As the choroiditis progressed, inflammatory cells separated the choriocapillaris from Bruch's membrane, and the endothelial cells lost their fenestrations. Focal disruption of the elastic and outer collagenous layers of Bruch's membrane occurred, but inflammatory cells rarely invaded the retina. Progressive generalized degenerative and proliferative RPE changes produced a multilayered RPE with loss of cell polarity, RPE basal infoldings and apical microvilli, formation of multiple giant cystic spaces, and proliferation of subretinal fibroblasts. Early loss of photoreceptor outer segments progressed to a generalized disruption of the outer neural retina and cystoid retinal degeneration. Eosinophil mediators and alterations of the choriocapillaris may contribute to the generalized progressive retinal degeneration distant from a parasite larva in ascarid-infected eyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

New approach for early, simple, and rapid detection of acute eye infections.

Several methods are known for the diagnosis of infections all of which require the use of well equipped laboratories and skilled personnel. For example: 1. Isolation and culturing of microorganisms from samples taken from body fluids. This method is complicated and time consuming. 2. Detection of antibodies. The main disadvantage of this method is the fact that the change in the level of antibodies occurs only after a few days from the onset of the disease. In the course of our work we found that already in the early stages of acute external eye infections, mucopolysaccharide degrading enzymes (MPDE) appear in tear fluid, where they are normally not present. We also found a relationship between MPDE with different infectious diseases of the eye as well as their role in the progress and treatment of these diseases. As a result of these findings and numerous clinical and laboratory in vivo animal and in vitro experiments, we developed a new approach for early detection of acute ocular infections. Utilizing this approach based on tear samples from patients; eyes, we developed a method which enables quick and reliable detection of the presence of an infection in general, and for early diagnosis in particular. Testing MPDE in tears with this method revealed also a new phenomenon of specific geometric imprints, or orthographic signs, each of which may be indicative of a different type of acute infection, e.g. adenovirus, herpes simplex virus-1, or other acute viral and bacterial infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Chemotherapeutic compounds and Acanthamoebae from eye infections.

The amoebicidal and amoebistatic action in vitro of 24 compounds was tested on two strains of Acanthamoeba, A. polyphaga and A. castellanii, isolated from eye infections in this country. For comparison, the Ryan strain of A. castellanii and Naegleria gruberi L-1 were also examined. Nine compounds showed sufficient activity to merit further consideration, ie, acriflavine, proflavine, hydroxystilbamidine isethionate, paromomycin, miconazole, amphoterin, neomycin, polymyxin, and the last two combined in Neosporin.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of diagnostic procedures in chlamydial eye infection.

Sixty-six patients suffering from suspected chlamydial conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis underwent direct examination and culture procedures on specimens from conjunctival swabs and corneal scraping for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Patient blood samples were also screened for the presence of antichlamydia IgG and IgA antibodies. Eye positivity was found in 12 and 15% of patients by using culture isolation and direct examination, respectively. In 3 out of the 8 patients with culture-proven chlamydial eye infection, all of them female, C. trachomatis was also isolated from the genital tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of bacteria isolated from infected eyes of captive, non-domestic animals.

Bacteria isolated from the eyes of captive species with suspected ocular infections at London Zoo were identified by standard methods. The sensitivity of the organisms to several topical antibiotics was determined by using sensitivity discs, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol and fusidic acid were determined. Correlations were evaluated between the results from the antibiotic discs and the minimum inhibitory concentrations and, where possible, between the clinical response to treatment and the results of bacteriological sensitivity tests. Unlike the isolates found in cats and dogs gram-positive cocci accounted for 54 per cent of isolates but almost half of the bacteria isolated were gram-negative organisms.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A case of keratoconjunctivitis due to Ewingella americana and a review of unusual organisms causing external eye infections.

We report the isolation of Ewingella americana from the conjunctivae of a 38 year old female physician with keratoconjunctivitis associated with the use of soft contact lens. The patient was treated successfully with topical ciprofloxacin. The source of the infection remains unknown. All contact lens cleaning materials used by the patient were sterile. Since the patient was a physician, and this organism has been recorded as a cause of nosocomial infections, we checked whether cases of Ewingella americana had been reported, but none were identified. We have identified 39 bacterial species, 27 fungi, 4 viruses, 7 protozoa, 4 helminths, and 2 arthropods which rarely have been associated with keratitis or conjunctivitis. Infectious diseases specialists and ophthalmologists must be aware of the many different causes of this illness, including Ewingella americana. This organism is a rare bacterial cause of keratoconjunctivitis not previously reported in Brazil. It should be added to the list of unusual cases of external eye infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

In vitro interaction of eosinophils from ascarid-infected eyes with Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis larvae.

The role of eosinophils in ocular ascarid infection is studied in an animal model. Primary intravitreal infection of guinea-pig eyes with ascarid (Toxocara canis, Ascaris suum) second-stage (L2) larvae resulted in an anterior chamber exudate containing 98% or more eosinophils. Anterior chamber aspirates were cultured in RPMI media 1640 with T. canis or A. suum L2 larvae at 37 degrees C for 1-96 hours. The in vitro interaction of eosinophils with L2 larvae was studied by light, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Eosinophil interaction with L2 larvae in vitro was dependent upon soluble factors present in the anterior chamber aspirates from the infected eyes. Eosinophils adhered firmly to the surface of the L2 larvae, to a larval sheath, or to attached eosinophils. Eosinophils interacting with larvae displayed a range of granular matrix changes, core duplication, and reversal of the relative electron densities of the core and matrix, suggestive of eosinophil activation. An eosinophil secretory granule was seen to empty its contents onto a T. canis L2 larval surface. Electron-dense material was observed in the interphase between eosinophils and the larval cuticle or sheath. Large lipid droplets within muscle cells and ballooned-out epidermal cells were seen within larvae immediately beneath adherent eosinophils. Parasites were able to partially evade interaction with eosinophils in culture by shedding their sheaths. A similar phenomenon in vivo may allow the parasite to migrate from a site of inflammation. It is possible that a discarded sheath or membrane serves as an antigenic stimulus for a local intraocular granulomatous reaction free of parasite.

Animals↗