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Results for “Eye Enucleation”

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PubMed1992

[Enophthalmos of the enucleated eye].

Even when it is corrected by an ocular prosthesis, enucleation often causes enophthalmos. After studying the integrality of the walls of the orbits with CT, the presence and position of the intraorbital implant must be controlled and the enophthalmos treated by compensating for the residual volume loss of the orbital content (bone or biomaterials) and, sometimes, filling up the upper palpebral space (dermal graft, galea flaps or biomaterials). The retraction of palpebral scars limits the possibilities of correction.

Enophthalmos↗
PubMed1988

Essential iris atrophy. A clinical, immunohistologic, and electron microscopic study in an enucleated eye.

A 29-year-old woman had unilateral essential iris atrophy, corneal endothelial changes, and absolute glaucoma. The enucleated eye was examined by routine light microscopy. Separate portions of unfixed fresh frozen cornea were sectioned and reacted with monoclonal antibodies against keratins, vimentin, and inflammatory cell markers. Stains for filamentous actin (f-actin) were performed using the 7-nitro-benz-2-oxa-1,3-diazolylphallacidin (NBD phallacidin) probe. In addition, portions of cornea and iris were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Immunocytochemical stains with anti-keratin antibodies showed reactivity only in the corneal epithelium of the patient and normal control. Immunoreactivity with anti-vimentin antibodies was observed in corneal endothelium and keratocytes of the patient and control, but was negative in the epithelium. Staining for f-actin appeared more pronounced in the corneal endothelium of the patient. Scanning electron microscopy of the corneal endothelium showed irregularity in cell size and shape and filopodial processes characteristic of migrating cells. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed abnormalities of Descemet's membrane and endothelium with a posterior collagenous layer. The corneal endothelium displayed normal junctional complexes without desmosomal junctions or increased microvillus projections. Increased 10-nm cytoplasmic filaments were noted consistent with the expression of vimentin. Occasional chronic inflammatory cells perturbed the corneal endothelium and were detected within the endothelial layer. Alterations in the endothelium and Descemet's membrane suggest the acquired nature of this disease.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

Selective changes in angiotensin II AT1 and AT2 receptor subtypes in the rat superior colliculus following eye enucleation.

In the brain of young (two weeks old) rats, angiotensin II receptors (AT2 receptors) are found in brain nuclei which receive and integrate direct visual input from the retina, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (containing only AT1 receptors), the lateral geniculate nuclei (containing AT2 receptors) and the superior colliculus (which contains both receptor types with a majority of AT2). In adult rats, angiotensin II receptors are present in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and the superior colliculus but not in the lateral geniculate. Using quantitative autoradiography we found that, in adult rats, bilateral eye enucleation caused a significant decrease in AT2 receptor binding, but not in AT1 receptor binding, and only in the superior colliculus. Unilateral enucleation of 12-day-old pups led to a decrease in AT2 receptor binding from the contralateral superior colliculus, as early as day 2 post-enucleation. Conversely, there was a significant increase in binding to AT1 receptors in the ipsilateral superior colliculus after seven days. No changes were seen in the lateral geniculate or suprachiasmatic nuclei. Angiotensin II binding to subcellular fractions of tissue from the superior colliculus region of 19-day-old pups suggested that AT2 receptor sites were present on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell body. Membrane binding studies also showed a significant decrease in AT2 receptor binding to the same subcellular fractions when 19-day-old pups, enucleated seven days earlier, were compared to sham-operated animals. Our results suggest that expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors in the superior colliculus may be regulated by retinal input.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1999

[Multiple cranial nerve deficits after eye injury and eye enucleation. A case report].

A 12-year old Simmental x Red Holstein cow was admitted to the clinic eight months after an eye laceration followed by eye extirpation. The region of the excised eye had healed, however, the cow had additional trigeminal and facial nerve palsy. Nevertheless, the cow was in good general condition, and therefore, was sent home without therapy. After delivering a sound calf, her physical condition deteriorated and she was slaughtered. Histologic examination of the brain revealed degeneration of the right optic nerve and right half of the chiasma opticum as well as left tractus opticus (opposite side); furthermore, degenerative changes with slight inflammation of the right vestibular nuclei were observed. Possible pathogenesis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of eye enucleation on the number of fibres in the supraoptic decussation of posthatch chicks (Gallus gallus).

In this study of the young chick we examine the effects of unilateral or bilateral eye enucleation on the number of axons in the supraoptic decussation, a major interhemispheric tract subserving visual function. On posthatch day 25, chicks underwent removal of either one or both eyes. After a survival period of 32 days, electron microscopic examination of the supraoptic decussation revealed a substantial loss of fibres. In the bilaterally enucleated group, a significant decrease in the number of axons occurred in both the dorsal and ventral aspects of the supraoptic decussation. The effect of unilateral enucleation was not as severe. The results indicate that enucleation of the precocial and functioning visual system of the chick leads to a transneuronal loss of axons. The degree of loss may reflect the amount of fibres in the crossed visual projection within the supraoptic decussation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Decompression and occurrence of cataract in enucleated eyes of experimental animals.

Chamber flight at a simulated altitude of 58,000 ft (17,680 m) or more caused marked lens opacities in enucleated eyes of the experimental animals. After descent to ground level, the opacity could subsequently be regressed despite complete deprivation of blood supply to the eye. The present finding suggests that decompression might play an important role in inducing such a cataract.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Immunopathology of intraocular silicone oil: enucleated eyes.

AIMS: To characterise the distribution of silicone oil in ocular tissues in globes enucleated after complicated retinal detachment, and to document the distribution and nature of any associated inflammatory response. METHOD: 9 enucleated globes that had previously undergone retinal detachment surgery with silicone oil and 7 control globes that had undergone enucleation after retinal detachment surgery (n = 2) or ocular trauma (n = 5) were studied. Sections were histologically examined using light microscopy to document the distribution of silicone oil in ocular tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out using the ABC technique and a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Electron microscopy was undertaken to observe the penetration of silicone oil in the trabecular meshwork of the anterior chamber drainage angle. RESULTS: Silicone oil was distributed throughout the globes-notably in the iris, ciliary body, retina, trabecular meshwork and epiretinal membranes. Focal areas of intraretinal silicone were associated with disorganised retinal architecture, retinectomy sites or subretinal oil. The distribution of macrophages was closely related to the distribution of silicone oil. T and B lymphocytes were not associated with silicone oil unless additional pathology was also present-for example, cyclitic membrane or uveitis. One of the nine eyes had silicone oil present in the optic nerve. In the control globes, the inflammatory response was mediated primarily by macrophages and T lymphocytes, and was less marked than that observed in the silicone oil globes. CONCLUSION: This study shows that silicone oil may be sequestered in varied ocular tissues and is associated with localised inflammation mediated by macrophages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Corneoscleral discs excised from enucleated and non-enucleated eyes are equally suitable for transplantation.

PURPOSE: To assess whether the biological quality of corneoscleral tissue dissected in situ is, after organ culture, comparable to that harvested after enucleation. METHODS: Corneoscleral discs were prepared from 23 donor eyes, either after enucleation, under laminar flow conditions (right eyes; group 1) or by direct excision in situ (left eyes; group 2). Endothelial cell counts were made and the degree of tissue contamination assessed both prior to and upon termination of organ culture. RESULTS: Microbial growth was found in 12/22 conjunctival swabs collected from group 1 eyes and in 14/22 of those obtained from group 2 globes (p = 0.76). Bacterial growth was detected in four primary culture media, two from each group, at low colony densities. No significant difference in endothelial cell counts were encountered between the two groups, either immediately after dissection [group 1: 2940 +/- 308 (2100-3500) c/mm2; group 2: 2947 +/- 345 (2200-3700) c/mm2; p = 0.945] or upon termination of organ culture [group 1: 2646 +/- 321 (1895-3200); group 2: 2723 +/- 312 (2100-3650); p = 0.413]. CONCLUSION: Dissection of corneoscleral discs in situ may serve as an alternative to the conventional technique if consent is obtained to remove only the cornea. The risk of contamination is no higher and endothelial cell viability no lower than in tissue derived from enucleated globes, provided that the excision is performed by a skilled surgeon and a rigorous disinfection protocol is instigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Eye enucleation and regeneration of neural retina in axolotl larvae (Ambystoma mexicanum).

The eyes of Axolotl larvae were enucleated at stages 30 and 37. Animals with single dorsomedian eyes resulted in the first case (i.e. stage 30). When a piece of pigment epithelium was re-implanted into stage 37 animals at the site of the lesion, limited regeneration was observed when the implant formed a vesicle, but, when the pigment epithelium remained "open" regeneration of the neural retina was extensive. The possible resons for this difference was discussed.

Ambystoma↗
PubMed1996

[Treatment with silicone oil in complicated retinal detachment. Anatomopathological test of 2 enucleated eyes].

Two eyes with a complicated retinal detachment were operated using intraocular silicone oil injection. They were enucleated 33 and 12 months after the operation because of painful secondary glaucoma and corneal dystrophy. Using light and electron microscopy, silicone oil vacuoles were observed in the corneal depth, the iris stroma, the trabecular meshwork and in lens remnants. There was an angle closure due to iridocorneal synechia. The same vacuoles were recognized in epiretinal membranes, in the internal and external layers of the retina and in the pigment epithelium. When the retina was detached, silicone oil vacuoles were present in the choroidal vessels.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Results of histo-pathologic examination of three enucleated eyes with a choroidal melanoma after strontium-90 irradiation.

Three patients with a choroidal melanoma, treated with HDR (High Dose Rate) Strontium-90 brachytherapy, underwent an enucleation. Radiation effect was only visible at the irradiation zone with a brisk transition to normal tissue. Tumour was replaced by necrotic and scar tissue. The underlying sclera had a markedly reduced number of fibrocytes, but no structural alteration of the collagen stroma.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Pathology of cyclodiode laser: a series of nine enucleated eyes.

AIM: To study the histological effects of cyclodiode laser treatment in humans, and to compare these findings with the clinical course, treatment response, complications, and indications for enucleation. METHOD: Detailed histological examination of nine enucleation specimens was undertaken in conjunction with a retrospective review of patient case notes. RESULTS: Retreatments had been undertaken in three cases. Although all globes showed damage to pars plicata, intact ciliary processes within the treatment zone were present in all cases. Pars plana injury was also noted in two thirds of cases. Inflammation was mild. Ciliary epithelial proliferation was seen in most cases with increasing time following treatment, in a disorganised pattern, without replication of the ciliary epithelial bilayer. No regeneration of the ciliary processes with fibrovascular cores was found. The three patients with good IOP control at enucleation had all had multiple diode treatments. Neither phthisis nor sympathetic ophthalmia was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation produces very characteristic injury to pars plicata, which frequently extends into pars plana, but with only mild persisting inflammation. Ciliary processes are, however, frequently spared within the treatment zone and may account for early or late treatment failure.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Phantom pain after eye enucleation].

BACKGROUND: Phantom pain is a well known and extensively documented complication after limb amputation. Nearly all surgical disciplines have to deal with phantom symptoms related to different anatomical regions and organs but limited data is available about phantom eye pain (PEP) after enucleation. Only one pilot study is present in literature. It was the aim of this study to analyze a group of patients with a standardized surgical procedure of enucleation concerning the incidence of PEP and its relation to further preoperative and postoperative data. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A standardized questionnaire was sent to all enucleation patients with primary orbital implant performed between 1/1/1986 and 12/31/1995 at Münster University. Data of 94 patients could be analyzed with regard to PEP, perioperative pain symptoms and further ophthalmological and surgical data. RESULTS: 24 of 94 patients reported PEP after enucleation. The frequency of PEP was less than once per month in the majority of patients (71%). 2 of 24 patients suffered from PEP on more than 4 days/month. Perioperative pain symptoms (ocular pain [OP], preoperative and postoperative headache) were reported with a higher proportion (each p<0.0025) in patients with PEP compared to those not affected by PEP. All patients with a preoperative history of OP longer than 5 years and 75% of patients with OP longer than 12 months of pre-enucleation OP were affected by PEP. CONCLUSIONS: Phantom eye pain is present in nearly 1/4 of patients after enucleation and is significantly related to other perioperative pain symptoms.

Adult↗