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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Upper extremity augmentation of lower extremity kinetics during countermovement vertical jumps.

Twenty-five volleyball players (14 males, 11 females) were videotaped (60 Hz) performing countermovement vertical jumps with and without an arm swing. Ground reaction force and video-based coordinate data were collected simultaneously. The resultant joint force and torque at the hip, knee, ankle and shoulder for two trials per subject per condition were computed and normalized. Average kinematic, resultant joint force and torque data were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Larger values were recorded for the vertical velocity of the centre of mass at take-off in the jumps with (mean 2.75, s = 0.3 m.s-1) versus without (mean 2.44, s = 0.23 m.s-1) an arm swing. The jumps with no arm swing produced larger torques at the hip during the first third of the propulsive phase (from zero to maximum vertical velocity of the centre of mass). During the final two-thirds of the propulsive phase, the arm swing augmented hip extensor torques by slowing the rate of trunk extension and placing the hip extensor muscles in slower concentric conditions that favoured the generation of larger forces and resultant joint torques. During the first two-thirds of the propulsive phase, knee extensor torque increased by 28% in the jumps with an arm swing, but maintained a relatively constant magnitude in the jumps with no arm swing.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Regional biochemical and hematologic changes in patients after revascularization of the lower extremities in ischemia of the extremities].

INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment of PAOD is related to iatrogenic ischaemia caused by arterial clamping and ischaemia which is result of natural development of the disease. The pathway of skeletal muscle reperfusion injury is complex and one of the most important factors related to injury is endothelial damage. The expected reason of endothelial damage is increased production of oxygen free radicals by prematurely activated PMN (polymorphonuclear) leukocytes (direct injury). Non-specific tissue injury is related to releasing of PMN elastase. Endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulable state and microcirculation stasis are responsible for indirect injury and no-reflow fenomena. STUDY DESIGN: Observational pilot study. METHODS: 10 patients underwent surgery because of PAOD (all suffering from critical limb ischaemia). During reperfusion period in defined intervals following parameters were measured (samples were taken from ipsilateral femoral vein): PMN elastase, lactate, total antioxidant status, malondialdehyd, minerals, acid-base balance, blood count, APTT, prothrombin time, fibrinogen and HTI (heparin tolerance index). RESULTS: Patients with PAOD are threatened by hypercoagulable state with its clinical and surgical consequences. Maximal grade of local acidosis is reached 2 hours from the beginning of reperfusion. Tissue damage is expressed by maximum activity of PMN elastase 18-24 hours during reperfusion and represents non-specific tissue damage. Low total antioxidant status reveals high sensibility to oxygen free radicals. MDA does not achieve the pathological range in observed series. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed inevitable importance of prevention of hypercoagulability, oxygen free radical tissue damage and PMN elastase activation to avoid of non-specific tissue damage.

Antioxidants↗