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Results for “Ethical Analysis”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Teaching ethical analysis in environmental management decisions: a process-oriented approach.

The general public and environmental policy makers often perceive management actions of environmental managers as "science," when such actions are, in fact, value judgments about when to intervene in natural processes. The choice of action requires ethical as well as scientific analysis because managers must choose a normative outcome to direct their intervention. I examine a management case study involving prescribed burning of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities in south-central Montana (USA) to illustrate how to teach students to ethically evaluate a management action by precisely identifying: 1) the proposed management action, 2) the deficiency of the system to be remedied by the action, 3) the stakeholders affected by the action, and 4) the category and type of values affirmed in the management action. Through such analysis, students are taught to recognize implicit and explicit value judgments associated with management actions, identify stakeholders to whom managers have legitimate ethical obligations, and practice a general method of ethical analysis applicable to many forms of environmental management.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2004

Doctors' duty to disclose error: a deontological or Kantian ethical analysis.

Medical (surgical) error is being talked about more openly and besides being the subject of retrospective reviews, is now the subject of prospective research. Disclosure of error has been a difficult issue because of fear of embarrassment for doctors in the eyes of their peers, and fear of punitive action by patients, consisting of medicolegal action and/or complaints to doctors' governing bodies. This paper examines physicians' and surgeons' duty to disclose error, from an ethical standpoint; specifically by applying the moral philosophical theory espoused by Immanuel Kant (ie. deontology). The purpose of this discourse is to apply moral philosophical analysis to a delicate but important issue which will be a matter all physicians and surgeons will have to confront, probably numerous times, in their professional careers.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2004

Medication errors in family practice, in hospitals and after discharge from the hospital: an ethical analysis.

Thousands of medical errors are occurring daily in physician's offices, in hospitals, and even upon discharge from the hospital, leading to unnecessary injury and death and costing billions of dollars. We have a systems approach that has been proven to be tried and true in aviation, nuclear energy and many other industrial settings. Being honest when medical mistakes occur, reporting them to national clearing house, objectively searching for root causes, avoiding the fixing of arbitrary blame, and then, where possible, implementing safeguards to minimize the occurrence of future mistakes, is the best way to enhance patient safety. But until the medical establishment takes medical errors and patient safety more seriously, and until the general public rises up in protest, it is up to the state and federal governments to take the lead in protecting the lives of innocent Americans by creating a public policy.

Aftercare↗
PubMed2000

[Mental competence and informed consent. Clinical practice and ethical analysis].

The doctrine of informed consent has become a legal and ethical standard in psychiatry today. However, ethical problems arise if patients lose the capacity to give informed consent due to their psychiatric disorders. Particularly in the field of psychiatry, the assessment of competence of informed consent to medical treatment and participation in clinical trials is a controversial issue. New empirical data suggest that a high percentage of psychiatric patients are incompetent according to defined standards for assessing their capacity to make treatment decisions. Assessing competence according to a sliding scale integrates the ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence and provides help in assessing competence in clinical practice.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2004

Ethical analysis of the concept of disability.

The concept of disability from an ethical viewpoint was examined. Whether disability results from the way society is built and the way ideas and judgments considering disability are established in a communal interaction was discussed (i.e., is disability socially created and constructed?). Although views on disability emphasizing its social nature are basically sound, they are also insufficient because they fail to consider the normative dimension attached to the concept of disability. The core of the concept of disability is ethical, which is why a moral philosophical examination of the concept is needed. Three possible ethical theories of disability (universal, objective, subjectivist, and communitarian) are briefly presented and discussed and a preliminary outline of a basis for a sound ethical model of disability presented.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical analysis of health care reform: implications for diverse communities.

The values driving nursing's political actions and the ethics underlying proposed health system change have not yet been thoroughly examined. This article attempts to (a) clarify ethical issues surrounding the health care debate in the United States, (b) describe the conflicts surrounding proposed reform especially the effects on disadvantaged communities and (c) earnestly entreat a critical discussion of nursing's humanistic position on health care reform. The interaction between the nursing literature and the various proposals on health care reform suggest various themes that reflect ethical issues due to conflicts in values. Our analysis is based on the belief that, in addition to political action and lobbying, the nursing community must confront critical questions about the values driving its policy making.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1999

Ethical analysis of organ recovery denials by medical examiners, coroners, and justices of the peace.

CONTEXT: Despite its pivotal nature, until the early 1990s the role of medical examiners, coroners, and justices of the peace was largely ignored in discussions of the critical shortage of organs for transplantation in the United States. These officials have the right to determine, from a medico-legal perspective, whether a deceased person can be an organ donor. Thus, they play an important role in the donation process. Using a principles-based ethical framework, this article examines the problem of nonrecovery of life-saving organs for transplantation in the United States because a medical examiner or other official denies recovery. OBJECTIVE: The goals of organ donation and the collection of forensic evidence are not mutually exclusive. An analysis of the ethical principles and obligations of beneficence, respect for autonomy, and justice reveals that medical examiners and other officials could probably, after appropriate review, release all cases under their jurisdiction for organ donation. CONCLUSION: Medical examiners, coroners, and justices of the peace could assume a leadership role, working together on public policy with medical, social, and legal groups, spearheading efforts to stop the loss of organs due to official denials, up to and including state and federal regulation and legislation. Beyond their professional obligations, as agents of a social institution, medical examiners and other officials have the more general ethical responsibility of promoting the public health and welfare and of reinforcing societal consensus that transplantation is a social good which should be optimized through formal and informal activities.

Cadaver↗