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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Oxidation products of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatum.

The isolation of two oxidation products of hyperforin from the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum and their structure determination by means of 2D NMR methods is reported. The products had the same 1-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-2,12-dioxo-3,10 beta-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-11 beta-methyl-11 alpha-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-5-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.0(4,8)]-3-dodec ene skeleton. In addition, one of them, with the same number of carbons as hyperforin (C35H52O5), contained a 1-methyl-l-hydroxyethyl group in the 6 beta-position, whereas the other compound (a hemiacetal, C32H46O5), presumably a degradation product of hyperforin, exhibited a 6-hydroxy function. The latter was an inseparable mixture of 6 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxy epimers undergoing (according to phase sensitive NOESY) mutual interconversion.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Xanthones from Hypericum japonicum and H. henryi.

From the aerial part of Hypericum japonicum, one new xanthone glycoside, 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone-6-O-beta-D-glucoside, one novel dimer xanthone, bijaponicaxanthone, and the first natural prenylated xanthone, 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-prenylxanthone, were isolated together with the four known xanthones, 1,5,6-trihydroxyxanthone, isojacereubin, 6-deoxyisojacareubin and 4',5'-dihydro-1,5,6-trihydroxy-4',4',5'-trimethylfurano (2',3':4,5) xanthone. five previously known xanthones, kielcorin, cadensin, 1,7,-dihydroxyxanthone, 1,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone and 1,2,5-trihydroxyxanthone were also found in the dichoromethane extract of the stems and leaves of H. henryi. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Some of the compounds from H. japonicum were found to exert an interesting coagulant activity in an in vitro test. The chemotaxonomic value of xanthones is discussed briefly.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The scientific, quasi-scientific and popular literature on the use of St. John's Wort in the treatment of depression.

St. John's Wort, also known as Hypericum, is an herbal product that is available in health food stores as an allegedly 'safe' alternative to antidepressants developed by the pharmaceutical industry. Recently it has received extensive coverage through the media, especially in the United States. To the best of our knowledge, Germany is the only country where it has been formally approved for clinical use. We reviewed both the vulgar and the scientific literature on this product. Although the few controlled studies that have been conducted pertain to adjustment disorder with depressed mood, several books and the media advocate its use for clinical and/or chronic depression. The high placebo rate in these studies, often in the 50% range, does indeed suggest that the controlled trials have been conducted on mild transient depressions; extrapolation to more serious or chronic depressions would therefore be unwarranted. We could not find any published literature comparing the efficacy of Hypericum to a standard antidepressant versus placebo. Furthermore, the studies claiming safety and freedom from potentially serious side effects appear flawed methodologically. Actually, little is known about the putative mechanism of action of Hypericum in depression; if indeed it does involve serotonergic mechanisms or monoamine-oxidase inhibition, it invites caution with concurrent use with an SSRI and, of course, with a MAOI. A skeptic might conclude that St. John's Wort should not be used until more definitive data are available. A less conservative view would be that, while its current widespread use is not warranted, the product may still have some merit for mild nonchronic depressive states below the clinical threshold. If this were conclusively proven, it would indeed constitute an important development in the field of antidepressants.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed2001

Antibacterial spectrum of Hypericum hookerianum.

The antibacterial activity of the chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of Hypericum hookerianum leaves and stems was evaluated. All extracts showed antibacterial activity against six different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the methanol extracts exhibiting the maximum inhibitory activity at 400 microg/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Antifungal constituent from Gordonia dassanayakei.

The hexane extract of the stem bark of Gordonia dassanayakei showed high antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi Curvularia sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium sp. A compound responsible for the antifungal activity was isolated and identified as 3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid 3-hydroxy-4-(methoxycarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylphenyl ester (1).

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1999

Solid-phase extraction for the determination of caffeine in traditional Chinese medicinal prescriptions containing Theae folium by high performance liquid chromatography.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method in combination with C-18 reverse phase solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed for determination of caffeine (CA) in traditional Chinese medicinal prescriptions which contain Theae folium. The frequently used prescriptions include Shin-Yi-San, Chuan-Chyong-Char-Tyau-San, Tsang-Eel-San, San-Hwang-Shyr-Gau-Tang, Tzy-Shenn-Ming-Mu-Tang and Shiang-Chyong-San. The present HPLC system uses a Merck RP-select B column by isocratic elution with methanol and 1% (v/v) acetic acid (1:4) as the mobile phase and detected at UV 270 nm. 8-Chlorotheophylline was used as an internal standard. The extracts of prescriptions were treated by Supelclean LC-18 SPE tube for eliminating interferences. Blank decoctions of each prescription were also examined as a test for interferences. The recoveries of caffeine from the Chinese medicinal prescriptions ranged from 88.5 to 92.3%. The relative standard deviations of caffeine ranged between 0.86 and 1.97% (intraday) and 1.04 and 3.90% (interday). The contents of caffeine in standard decoctions ranged from 13.98 to 19.62 mg g(-1).

Caffeine↗
PubMed1999

Efficacy of an Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) extract in preventing and reverting a condition of escape deficit in rats.

The treatment of unselected depressed patients with an hydro-alcoholic extract of Hypericum perforatum has been reported to have an efficacy similar to that of classical antidepressants. In the present report, the effects of H. perforatum were studied on three animal models of depression: (i) an acute form of escape deficit (ED) induced by an unavoidable stress; (ii) a chronic model of ED, which can be maintained by the administration of mild stressors on alternate days; (iii) a model of anhedonia based on the finding that repeated stressors prevent the development of an appetitive behavior induced by vanilla sugar in satiated rats fed ad libitum. H. perforatum acutely protected animals from the sequelae of unavoidable stress; such an effect was partially prevented by the administration of SCH 23390 or (-)-pindolol. Moreover, H. perforatum reverted the ED maintained by repeated stressors and preserved the animal's capacity to learn to operate for earning a positive reinforcer. It was concluded that H. perforatum contains some active principle(s) endowed with antidepressant activity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

A double-blind randomised trial to investigate three different concentrations of a standardised fresh plant extract obtained from the shoot tips of Hypericum perforatum L.

The aim of this randomised double-blind multi-centre parallel group comparative study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of a new standardised fresh-plant extract obtained from the shoot tips of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. 348 out-patients (259 female, 89 male) with mild to moderate depression were recruted by 12 psychiatrc specialty practices and 26 general practices. The patients took during 6 weeks 3 times a day 1 tablet of a Hypericum preparation standardised to either 0.17 mg (114 patients), 0.33 mg (115 patients), or 1 mg (119 patients) total hypericin per day (Hyperiforce). The main outcome measure was the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression; additional measures were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Clinical Global Impression. At the end of treatment, a reduction in the average Hamilton Depression score from an initial 16-17 to 8-9, i.e. a relative reduction of about 50%, was observed in all groups (280 patients, par protocol analysis). The response rates were 62%, 65% and 68%, respectively (348 patients, intention to treat analysis). Overall, the intergroup comparison revealed no significant differences. Tolerability was excellent, with mild adverse reactions probably causally related to the treatment occurring in only 7 of the 348 patients (2%). This Hypericum preparation is effective in all three doses and is well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pentacyclic triterpenoids from Freziera sp. that inhibit DNA polymerase beta.

In a survey of crude plant extracts for DNA polymerase 1 inhibitors, a methyl ethyl ketone extract prepared from Freziera sp. exhibited potent inhibition of DNA polymerase beta. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract, guided by an assay to detect DNA polymerase beta inhibition, resulted in the isolation of six active pentacyclic triterpenoids (1-6). These triterpenoids had IC50 values ranging from 7.5 to 16 microM in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 2.6-5.8 microM in the absence of BSA, consistent with the possibility that these inhibitors may be of use in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The effects of nutritional supplements on the treatment of depression, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in the renal patient.

The independent use of nutritional supplements has increased dramatically over the past several years. St. John's Wort for the treatment of depression, chromium for improvement of abnormal glucose and insulin regulation, and garlic for hypercholesterolemia, are among the more popular nutritional supplements being used by the population at large for their respective conditions. Depression, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia are common to the renal patient. However, the efficacy of St. John's Wort, chromium, and garlic for these problems in the patient with impaired renal function is not known. This article reviews the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and pharmokinetics of these three food supplements in the nonrenal patient. There are encouraging data suggesting successful treatment in the otherwise normal individual. However, clinical studies examining the safety of these three supplements for the treatment of depression, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in the patient with renal disease are lacking and preclude recommendation of their use.

Depression↗
PubMed2001

Cancer chemopreventive agents. New depsidones from Garcinia plants.

In a search for cancer chemopreventive agents from natural sources, chemical constituents of two kinds of Garcinia plants, Garcinia neglecta and Garcinia puat, collected in New Caledonia, were examined. Five new depsidones, garcinisidone-B (2), -C (3), -D (4), -E (5), and -F (6), were isolated, and their structures were determined by spectrometric analyses. Inhibitory effects of these depsidones on EBV-EA activation induced by TPA in Raji cells were also demonstrated.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗