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PubMed1986

Effects of arm ergometry training in an adolescent with myelodysplasia. A case report.

The purpose of this article is to report the effects of arm ergometry training on upper extremity strength, body composition, and oxygen uptake in a 13-year-old adolescent with myelodysplasia. The subject trained three times a week for eight weeks at 75% of maximum heart rate. The following measurements were determined before and after the training period: maximal and submaximal heart rate and oxygen uptake, percent body fat, and peak torque of the elbow and shoulder flexor and extensor muscles. The results indicated that maximal oxygen uptake and percent body fat did not change, but maximal physical work capacity increased from 274 kg . m/min to 569 kg X m/min. Heart rate and oxygen uptake decreased at each submaximal work load, and peak torque increased an average of 22.3% for the movements tested. We concluded that arm ergometry training in an adolescent with myelodysplasia can reduce the energy cost of performing submaximal arm ergometry work.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Moderate-intensity muscle pain can be produced and sustained during cycle ergometry.

PURPOSE: The aim of this experiment was to determine whether moderate-intensity quadriceps muscle pain could be produced and sustained during cycle ergometry. METHODS: 12 women volunteers completed a peak cycle ergometry test during which quadriceps muscle pain-intensity ratings were obtained using a 0-10 scale. On a subsequent day, participants cycled for 20 min beginning at the power output associated with quadriceps muscle pain threshold during the peak test. Participants manipulated power output during the first 10 s of each minute to produce and sustain moderate-intensity quadriceps muscle pain. During the last 20 s of each minute, VO2, ratings of quadriceps muscle pain intensity, and ratings of perceived exertion (Borg 6-20) were obtained. RESULTS: Moderate-intensity quadriceps pain ratings were achieved within 4 min, during which time the average power output was increased from 124 to 138 W. Pain-intensity ratings were unchanged from minutes 4 to 20 (F = 0.94; df = 16, 176; P = 0.52; eta2 = 0.079). Quadriceps RPE responses mimicked the pain responses. To sustain a moderate-intensity quadriceps pain participants reduced power output significantly (F = 7.75; df = 16, 176; P < 0.001; eta2 = 0.413) and in a linear fashion by 21.7 W (15.7%). The changes in % VO2peak were similar in pattern to the changes in power output but smaller in magnitude. CONCLUSIONS: 1) College women can produce and sustain a moderate-intensity quadriceps muscle pain during cycle ergometry, 2) moderate-intensity quadriceps muscle pain is sustained by reducing power output, and 3) sustaining moderate-intensity quadriceps muscle pain during short duration cycling is associated with a "hard" perceptual effort and 69-74% VO2peak.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Symptomatic hypotension during arm cycle ergometry exercise: a report of five cases.

We report five cases of vasovagal and vasodepressor syncope or near-syncope that occurred during arm cycle ergometry. In each case, arm exercise in the seated position had been performed immediately after dynamic leg exercise. A likely mechanism involves a decrease in preload from venous pooling of blood in the lower extremities after leg exercise, and excessive stimulation of ventricular mechanoreceptors with resultant sympatho-inhibition and enhanced vagal tone. Four of the cases occurred early in the course of the exercise program, between the 8th and 10th sessions. The single case of true syncope occurred in a patient not receiving a beta-receptor blocking medication. No further events occurred when the exercise regimen was changed such that arm cycle ergometry was performed before leg exercise. We recommend that when arm ergometry is incorporated into an exercise program: (1) a cool-down period of exercise is performed after dynamic leg exercise, or (2) arm exercise is performed before dynamic leg exercise. These maneuvers may preclude the occurrence of symptomatic hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A comparison of the efficacy of nitrogranulong and other prolonged-action nitrates by using paired bicycle ergometry in patients with stenocardia].

The efficacy of single doses of nitrogranulong, 5.2 mg, trinitrolong, 2 mg, nitrong 6.5 mg, and placebo was evaluated in 10 males aged 46-62 years who had Functional Classes II-III angina on effort. For this, paired bicycle ergometry was employed. In patients in whom nitrogranulong, 5.2 mg, turned out to be ineffective, the effective dose was evaluated as 10.4 mg. The effect of a drug was evaluated from an increase in exercise duration before the occurrence of a moderate anginal attack and/or 1 mm or more ST-segment depression in bicycle ergometry performed when the maximum effect of the single dose was expected than that in bicycle ergometry performed before achieving the same criteria for exercise discontinuation on the same day before the drug use (delta T threshold). The single dose of a drug was considered to be beneficial at delta T threshold > or = 120 sec (individual effects). Trinitrolong in a dose of 2 mg turned out be the most effective: there was the most mean value of delta T threshold and the individual effect was seen in 100% of the patients. According to the accepted criterion, nitrogranulong, 5.2 mg, and nitrong, 6.5 mg, were effective in 20%. Nitrogranulong, 10.4 mg, was beneficial in more 40% of patients; in all the first and the second doses of the drug were beneficial in 60%.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of energy expenditure during rowing and cycling ergometry.

Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses of healthy adults were compared at similar incremental power outputs during a variable-resistance rowing exercise and a fixed-resistance cycle ergometer exercise. Repeated measurements of power (watts), VEBTPS, VO2 STPD, and HR were obtained on 60 men and 47 women ranging in age from 20 to 74 yr. Average maximal power output for the men was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) for cycling than rowing: 207 +/- 5.2 W vs 195 +/- 58 W (mean +/- SE). A similar difference was also observed for women favoring cycling: 135 +/- 4.1 W vs 126 +/- 4.9 W (mean +/- SE). VEBTPS, VO2 STPD, and HR were significantly higher at all power increments during the rowing graded exercise test (RGXT) when compared with the same exercise intensity during the cycle graded exercise test (CGXT). Consistent linearity was found between VEBTPS and VO2 STPD and between HR and VO2 STPD for both exercises. The linear relationship between VEBTPS and VO2 STPD for men during RGXT was r = 0.976, P less than 0.001, slope = 44.6 +/- 1.03, and for women during RGXT it was r = 0.990, P less than 0.001, slope = 19.6 +/- 0.36. The relationship between HR and VO2 STPD for men during rowing was r = 0.989, P less than 0.001, slope = 29.1 +/- 0.76, and for women during rowing it was r = 0.971, P less than 0.001, slope = 35.7 +/- 0.89. The linear relationship between VEBTPS and VO2 STPD for men during CGXT was r = 0.991, P less than 0.001, slope = 31.1 +/- 0.98, and for women it was r = 0.959, P less than 0.991, slope = 29.6 +/- 0.87. The relationship between HR and VO2 STPD for men during CGXT was r = 0.997, P less than 0.001, slope = 28.1 +/- 0.83, and for women it was r = 0.990, R less than 0.001, slope = 35.9 +/- 0.96. Results indicated that energy costs for rowing ergometry was significantly higher than cycle ergometry at all comparative power outputs including maximum levels. It was concluded that rowing ergometry could be an effective alternative activity for physical fitness and exercise rehabilitation programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Initial occurrence of angina: diagnostic value of bicycle ergometry and Holter ECG monitoring].

The diagnostic value of exercise tests and Holter's ECG monitoring was assessed in 111 patients within the first 3 months since the onset of anginal attacks; 22 of those had a history of large-focal myocardial infarction. Coronaro-angiography was performed in all cases, and its results were compared with those of exercise tests in 107 patients, and of Holter's ECG monitoring, in 104. Bicycle ergometry was positive in 48% of patients. In Holter's ECG monitoring, ST changes were found in 53% of patients. Combined use of bicycle ergometry and Holter's monitoring allowed detecting ST displacement in 60%. Ischemic ST depression during bicycle ergometry in postinfarction patients is an evidence of polyvascular coronary arterial involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative evaluation of bicycle ergometry and coronary radiography results in stenocardia as a function of the ECG ST segment reaction during physical loading].

The authors undertook a comparative study of the results of bicycle ergometry and angiocardiography in two clinically homogeneous groups of patients with angina pectoris: without ischemic displacement (group I, 83 patients) and with displacement (group II, 85 patients) of the S--T segment on the ECG during an anginal attack induced by physical exercise. It is shown that the considerable diminution of functional reserves of coronary circulation in all patients revealed in bicycle ergometry was combined with marked coronary atherosclerosis. Affection of two or three arteries was encountered in 96.4% of patients in group I and in 88.2% of patients in group II. In group I patients the attacks of angina pectoris develop with lower values of double production, while the intercoronary collaterals on the coronarograms are more pronounced. The authors substantiate the reliability of a typical anginal attack induced by physical exertion as a criterion of positive bicycle ergometry test irrespective of the concomitant reaction of the S--T segment on the ECG.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[False negative reactions of the bicycle ergometry test in ischemic heart disease and stenosing arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries].

The authors analyse 52 results of false-negative bicycle ergometry tests in patients with ischemic heart disease and stenosing coronary atherosclerosis (according to the findings of coronarography). During bicycle ergometry all patients attained submaximum pulse rate (85% of the maximum) and had a high tolerance (808 kgm/min, on the average) to exercise. False-negative results were encountered most frequently in isolated lesion of one of the coronary arteries (usually the left anterior descending branch). The frequency of myocardial ischemia detection during bicycle ergometry did not depend on the presence or absence of collaterals.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Long-term use of computerized bicycle ergometry for spinal cord injured subjects.

Twenty-eight spinal cord injured subjects who participated in an electrical stimulation bicycle ergometry home program were surveyed to determine perceived benefits, home exercise adherence, and predictors of continued home exercise with electrical stimulation. Subjects were classified as users or nonusers depending upon if they used the electrical stimulation ergometry on a regular basis in the home during the past four months. Nineteen subjects qualified as users and nine were nonusers. Ninety-five percent of the users cycled at least twice per week whereas the majority of the nonusers stopped regular home exercise within one month postclinic discharge. All subjects generally perceived increases in muscle bulk and endurance. Users and nonusers perceived inconsistent results related to spasticity. Minimal effects were noted with neurogenic pain and swelling. Adherence to the home exercise program was significantly related to sex of subject and pre-injury exercise habits. Results are discussed in relation to the costs and benefits of electrical stimulation bicycle ergometry in the home.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ergometry as a predictor of basic military training success.

One hundred U.S. Air Force recruits were administered the cycle ergometry test to determine their aerobic fitness and timed on a 2-mile run before beginning the physical conditioning phase of training. The estimated oxygen consumption (vO2) was calculated for all trainees completing the ergometry test. The mean estimated vO2 for those successfully completing basic military training (BMT) on schedule was 27.95 +/- 1.74 ml/kg/minute, whereas the mean estimated vO2 for those not completing the program on schedule was 32.94 +/- 3.55 ml/kg/minute (not statistically different). For the 2-mile run, the times ranged from 14 minutes 17 seconds to 29 minutes 11 seconds. The mean run time for those completing BMT on schedule was 22 minutes 28.15 seconds +/- 25.79 seconds, compared to 21 minutes 19.46 seconds +/- 1 minute 26.30 seconds for those not completing the program on schedule (not statistically different). Neither relative risk nor chi-square calculations were statistically significant. No significant associations between run times or a passing cycle ergometry score at the beginning of BMT and successful completion of BMT were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The use of ratings of perceived exertion for regulating exercise levels in rowing ergometry.

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the use of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) to estimate and regulate exercise intensity during rowing ergometry. Nine competitive male rowers [mean age 28.6 years, (SD 6.3)] completed two rowing trials on an ergometer. The first trial (estimation) consisted of an incremental protocol designed to elicit a range of work outputs (WO) and heart rates (HR). The subjects indicated their perception of effort using a 15-point scale at each intensity level. In the second trial (production), 7-14 days later, the subjects were asked to produce exercise intensities corresponding to five levels of RPE: 15, 11, 17, 13, and 19. Data analysis revealed high Pearson correlation coefficients between HR and RPE (r = 0.95, P < 0.01) and WO and RPE (r = 0.96, P < 0.01) during the estimation trial. In addition, significant correlations (P < 0.01) were obtained between the estimation and production trials for HR (r = 0.82) and WO (r = 0.84). Posthoc analysis of variance revealed that the observed differences in mean HR were not significant (P > 0.05) at three of the five intensity levels (RPE 15, 17 and 19), but were at the two lowest RPE levels (11 and 13). Significant mean differences in WO were seen at all but RPE 17. These data support the validity of the RPE scale as a measure of physiological strain among competitive male rowers, and offer support for its use as a method of regulating the intensity of rowing ergometry, especially at higher levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Negative accumulated oxygen deficit during heavy and very heavy intensity cycle ergometry in humans.

The concept of the accumulated O(2) deficit (AOD) assumes that the O(2) deficit increases monotonically with increasing work rate (WR), to plateau at the maximum AOD, and is based on linear extrapolation of the relationship between measured steady-state oxygen uptake ( VO(2)) and WR for moderate exercise. However, for high WRs, the measured VO(2) increases above that expected from such linear extrapolation, reflecting the superimposition of a "slow component" on the fundamental VO(2) mono-exponential kinetics. We were therefore interested in determining the effect of the VO(2) slow component on the computed AOD. Ten subjects [31 (12) years] performed square-wave cycle ergometry of moderate (40%, 60%, 80% and 90% ), heavy (40%Delta), very heavy (80%Delta) and severe (110% VO(2)(peak)) intensities for 10-15 min, theta(L)where is the estimated lactate threshold and Delta is the WR difference between and VO(2)(peak). VO(2) was determined breath-by-breath. Projected "steady-state" VO(2) values were determined from sub- tests. The measured VO(2) exceeded the projected value after approximately 3 min for both heavy and very heavy intensity exercise. This led to the AOD actually becoming negative. Thus, for heavy exercise, while the AOD was positive [0.63 (0.41) l] at 5 min, it was negative by 10 min [-0.61 (1.05) l], and more so by 15 min [-1.70 (1.64) l]. For the very heavy WRs, the AOD was [0.42 (0.67) l] by 5 min and reached -2.68 (2.09) l at exhaustion. For severe exercise, however, the AOD at exhaustion was positive in each case: +1.69 (0.39) l. We therefore conclude that the assumptions underlying the computation of the AOD are invalid for heavy and very heavy cycle ergometry (at least). Physiological inferences, such as the "anaerobic work capacity", are therefore prone to misinterpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mean power frequency and amplitude of the mechanomyographic and electromyographic signals during incremental cycle ergometry.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationships for mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude, MMG mean power frequency (MPF), electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, and EMG MPF versus power output during incremental cycle ergometry. Seventeen adults volunteered to perform an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. The test began at 50 W and the power output was increased by 30 W every 2 min until the subject could no longer maintain 70 rev min(-1). The MMG and EMG signals were recorded simultaneously from the vastus lateralis during the final 10 s of each power output and analyzed. MMG amplitude, MMG MPF, EMG amplitude, EMG MPF, and power output were normalized as a percentage of the maximal value from the cycle ergometer test. Polynomial regression analyses indicated that MMG amplitude increased (P<0.05) linearly across power output, but there was no change (P>0.05) in MMG MPF. EMG amplitude and MPF were fit best (P<0.05) with quadratic models. These results demonstrated dissociations among the time and frequency domains of MMG and EMG signals, which may provide information about motor control strategies during incremental cycle ergometry. The patterns for amplitude and frequency of the MMG signal may be useful for examining the relationship between motor-unit recruitment and firing rate during dynamic tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Rowing ergometry for assessment of aerobic fitness in children.

Rowing ergometry has not been utilized as a modality for investigating aerobic fitness in children. This study evaluated the feasibility and reproducibility of measuring peak VO2 during progressive rowing on a Concept II ergometer in 16 healthy boys aged 9-12 years. All subjects were able to row effectively after minimal modeling and verbal instruction. Mean peak VO2 values on two trials were 42.9 (+/-7.9) and 41.6 (+/-8.7) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (p>0.05). No significant differences were observed in mean peak heart rate (190+/-11 vs. 191+/-12 bpm), peak ventilation (58.6+/-11.0 vs. 59.1+/-13.9 L x min(-1)), and RER (1.02+/-.07 vs. 1.02+/-.05) on the two trials. The coefficient of variation of peak VO2 was 5.4%. These data suggest that rowing ergometry is an effective method of measuring aerobic fitness in preadolescent boys.

Child↗
PubMed2002

The efficacy of ergometry determined heart rates for flatwater kayak training.

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of incremental ergometry determined heart rate training intensities for the control of kayak ergometer and open water kayak training. Eight well-trained male kayakers completed a maximal incremental exercise test on an air-braked kayak ergometer for the determination of LT(1) (the power output at which blood lactate concentration increased by > or = 1 mmol x L(-1)), the associated heart rate (HR-LT(1)), VO(2)peak, maximal heart rate and maximal aerobic power. Subjects then performed 20 min trials of kayak ergometry (E), open water kayaking in a single kayak (K1) and open water kayaking in a four-seat kayak (K4) at HR-LT(1). During the three trials, heart rate was continuously measured, and blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and stroke rate were determined every 5 min. In all trials, exercise at HR-LT(1) resulted in stable blood lactate concentrations and a stable RPE. Comparison of the three trials demonstrated that the only difference was for RPE, which was lower in (K4) than in (E), (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that the prescription of HR-LT(1) elicits similar blood lactate concentrations during kayak ergometer and open water kayak training in both single and team boats.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The pressor response to submaximal cycle ergometry while using aerodynamic handlebars.

This study hypothesized that changes in static shoulder loading while using aerobars during submaximal cycle ergometry would elicit a combined static and dynamic pressor response. Seven trained cyclists (mean +/- SD: 22 +/- 3 years, 77 +/- 12 kg, 1.8 +/- 1.1 m) rode a modified Monark cycle ergometer at three inclines (+5 degrees, 0 degree, -5 degrees) for five minutes each using aerobars at a power output (144 +/- 21 W) eliciting 60-65% of each subject's age-predicted HR maximum (120 +/- 4.9 bts.min-1). The positive to negative incline changes were designed to increase the static load experienced by the shoulder musculature. Mean HR, VE, VO2, and rectified EMG for the triceps brachii (TB), anterior (AD) and posterior deltoid muscles were computed over each minute of each condition. All variables exhibited steady-state responses at +5 degrees and 0 degree inclines and nonsteady-state responses at -5 degrees.HR, VO2, and VE correlated highly with EMG from AD (mean r = 0.75-0.79) and TB (mean r = 0.68-0.75) at -5', but only moderately correlated for HR at +5 degrees and 0 degree (mean r = 0.21-0.86). Y-intercepts for HR-VO2 and VE-VO2 relationships shifted positively with increased static load. Thus, static loading of AD and TB may disassociate the HR-VO2 relationship during submaximal cycle ergometry and may be responsible for torso positioning preferences by time-trial cyclists.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prediction of VO2peak from submaximal cycle ergometry using 50 versus 80 rpm.

Submaximal cycle ergometry is routinely used for the prediction of mode specific maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Such testing is almost universally performed at a cycling cadence of 50 rpm despite the finding that a cadence of approximately 80 rpm yields greater economy of effort among individuals with cycling experience. We sought to determine if 50 or 80 rpm were superior cadences for predicting VO2peak in individuals with or without cycling experience. Thirty experienced (EXP: 16 male and 14 female) and 28 nonexperienced (NEXP: 15 male and 13 female) subjects between the ages of 18-40 yr completed two incremental exercise tests on a cycle ergometer, one at 50 rpm and one at 80 rpm. in random order. VO2peak was predicted from submaximal data according to the method of the ACSM. There was no difference between actual VO2peak at 50 rpm and at 80 rpm. Correlations between predicted and actual VO2peak were 0.79 at 50 rpm and 0.81 at 80 rpm for all subjects. No significant differences in correlations were observed between groups or between cadences. However, the predicted values of VO2peak overestimated the actual values in both groups. Therefore, we conclude that cadences of 50 and 80 rpm have similar validity in cycle ergometry prediction of VO2peak, but the ACSM protocol overestimates VO2peak.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of oral sodium loading on high-intensity arm ergometry in college wrestlers.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 0.3 g x kg(-1) of NaHCO3, 0.21 g x kg(-1) of NaCl, and a low-calorie placebo control (PC) on high-intensity arm ergometry in eight college wrestlers (aged 20.6 +/- 0.8 yr, body mass 70.4 +/- 2.1 kg). METHODS: Subjects performed eight 15-s intervals of maximal effort arm ergometry separated by 20 s of recovery cranking. Treatments were administered in a randomized, double-blind manner in two equal doses at 90 and 60 min before testing. Venous blood samples were withdrawn at baseline, preexercise, and postexercise intervals. RESULTS: Preexercise pH (7.33 +/- 0.01, 7.31 +/- 0.01, and 7.40 +/- 0.01) and base excess (2.41 +/- 0.35, 0.93 +/- 0.39, and 8.45 +/- 0.51) after PC and NaCl ingestion, respectively, were similar, whereas ingestion of NaHCO3 resulted in significantly higher values (P < or = 0.05). Postexercise pH (7.02 +/- 0.01, 7.02 +/- 0.03, and 7.09 +/- 0.03) and base excess (-13.29 +/- 0.96, -14.49 +/- 1.01, and -8.83 +/- 1.38) were significantly lower after both PC and NaCl ingestion compared with NaHCO3 ingestion. Postexercise plasma [lactate] was also greater in both PC and NaHCO3 trials (21.42 +/- 1.52, 20.07 +/- 1.39, and 22.65 +/- 1.77 mmol x L(-1)). However, peak power (370.7 +/- 26.0, 346.3 +/- 13.6, and 354.3 +/- 18.9 W) and total work accomplished in eight intervals (30.2 +/- 1.5, 29.6 +/- 1.1, and 29.9 +/- 1.1 kJ), and percent fatigue (31.0 +/- 2.7, 29.0 +/- 3.2, and 29.2 +/- 4.0%) were similar. CONCLUSIONS: These data contradict previous reports of ergogenic benefits NaHCO3 and NaCl administration before exercise and further suggest that performance in this type of activity may not be enhanced by exogenously induced metabolic alkalosis or sodium ingestion.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗