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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Technology of waste incineration].

Refuse incineration as one of the methods of controlled waste disposal was introduced as early as the last century. However, in Germany, comparable technologies have only seen moderate attempts up to the middle of this century. The increasing volume of refuse as a result of growing prosperity, as well as new laws for environmental protection made it necessary for the technology of refuse incineration to be restarted or developed further. The technical development of these methods was pushed on the basis of the following prerequisites: The incinerator plants must not give rise to new problems of environmental protection. The plants should operate continuously and ensure waste disposal as complete as possible in the long term. Wherever possible, the energy set free by the incineration process, should be utilized. As a rule, for the incineration of solid refuse modern plants use mechanically actuated grate systems of different design, which in part had been developed from known power-generating plant components. For the destruction of special refuse rotary drum furnaces are prevalently employed. In evaluating the entire system of refuse incineration the following 3 points are worthy of note: The energy produced by incineration is mainly used for the generation of electric current or heat for long-distance supply lines. However, other applications are also possible. For the purification of the exhaust gases originating from incineration, nowadays technical facilities are available for separating out solid substrances and noxious gases. The solid incineration residues can be recycled into the economic system after separation and processing. The state of the art of present refuse incinerators is comparable to that of conventional power generating plants operating on solid fossil fuels. Alternative waste disposal technologies still have to prove their ability to give a comparable performance.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1983

[Material recovery from waste].

Reclamation of raw material from refuse is demonstrated by two practical examples. In numerous countries sorting plants were set up at considerable expense for the purpose of reclaiming plastic material from household refuse. Most of these plants are struggling more or less with difficulties as a result of technical and particularly economic problems. A market for reclaimed raw materials scarcely exists. This applies most particularly to the reclamation of plastics from household refuse. As long as the operating costs, especially the energy costs, exceed the proceeds obtained for regranulated material, "recycling" will be to no purpose. At present, reclaiming energy from refuse seems to hold out better prospects of success.

Austria↗
PubMed1984

[Theoretical and applied aspects of methanogenesis].

The basic aspects of organic matter breakdown through methanogenesis are dealt with. The process is referred to as a method of obtaining energy-- biogas --and a way to solve a number of problems associated with the protection of the environment from waste products of the agricultural industry. Both traditional and modern technical means and basic parameters of the technology of biogas production are presented. Stated are also the important practical aspects of the biochemistry and kinetics of the process.

Agriculture↗