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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Vertebral fracture after aircraft ejection during Operation Desert Storm.

During Operation Desert Storm, 21 United States and 2 Italian military personnel were held in Iraq as prisoners of war. Of these, 18 had ejected from fixed-wing, ejection seat-equipped, combat aircraft prior to their capture. Of the 18, 6 (33%) had sustained vertebral fractures; 4 of these were compression fractures. This fracture rate is comparable to that of previously studied groups. Fractures were noted to be at several different vertebral sites and after ejecting from a variety of aircraft. Apart from contusions and abrasions, vertebral fractures were the most common injuries discovered in this repatriated population. None of the vertebral fractures produced recognizable neurological disability. The development of vertebral fractures was neither associated with the use of any particular ejection system or aircraft nor did the development of vertebral fractures appear dependent on the age, height or length of service of the affected personnel. Ejected aircrew with low altitude mission profiles seemed more predisposed to vertebral fracture than those at high altitudes, but with a small sample population, this relationship was not statistically significant (p > 0.25). Reliable data were unavailable on aircrew positioning and preparation time for ejection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Alcohol and drug use among motor vehicle collision victims admitted to a regional trauma unit: demographic, injury, and crash characteristics.

This study examined the incidence of alcohol and drugs in a sample of seriously injured motor vehicle collision victims, and differences related to pre-crash use of alcohol and/or other drugs on demographic variables, injury severity measures, and crash variables. The sample selected were all motor vehicle collision admissions to the Regional Trauma Unit at the Sunnybrook Health Science Centre in Toronto, Ontario, over a 37-month period (N = 854). Prospective demographic and injury-related information were collected from hospital charts, and crash data were collected from motor vehicle collision police reports. Blood samples were routinely collected on admission and tested for blood alcohol concentration (BAC). We found 32.0% of the BAC-tested motor vehicle collision admissions and 35.5% of drivers tested positive for blood alcohol. The drivers' mean BAC on admission was found to be 145.2 mg/100 ml, and the mean estimated BAC at crash time was 181 mg/100 ml. Drug screens were performed on a two-year subsample (n = 474), of whom 339 were drivers. Drug screens revealed that 41.3% of drivers tested positive for other drugs in body fluids, and 16.5% were positive for alcohol in combination with other drugs. Other than alcohol, the drugs most frequently detected in the drivers were cannabinoids (13.9%), benzodiazepines (12.4%), and cocaine (5.3%). Investigation of differences on demographic, injury, and crash characteristics related to precrash use of alcohol and/or drugs yielded significant findings. In the drug screened sample we found sex, admission type, and occupant status were related to precrash alcohol use. Also, use of drugs was found to interact with admission type and mean BAC on admission. Elapsed time was found to be significantly different for BAC by other drug use, with a greater length of elapsed time found for the subjects testing other drug positive but BAC negative. We found that BAC-positive drug-screened drivers were significantly more likely to be male, involved in a single-vehicle collision, not wearing a seat belt, ejected from the vehicle, and travelling at higher speeds than BAC negative drivers. No significant differences were found between BAC and/or other drug use on injury severity measures.

Accidents↗
PubMed1994

Pelvic fracture mechanism of injury in vehicular trauma patients.

To investigate the correlation between motor vehicle crash mechanisms and pelvic injury in front-seat occupants, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of, and had complete crash reconstructions performed for, 145 vehicular trauma patients with injury Severity Scores greater than 16 admitted to a level I trauma center. After excluding rear-seat and ejected occupants, 44 of the remaining 115 patients had pelvic injuries. We excluded acetabular fractures and classified the remaining 26 pelvic ring fractures by the system of Young and Burgess: 20 lateral compression (LC) fractures, five anteroposterior compression (APC) fractures, and one combined mechanical injury (CMI) fracture. Eighteen pelvic fractures were managed conservatively; eight required surgical intervention and four of those eight required emergent application of an external fixator for unresponsive hypotension. Trained investigation teams conducted the crash reconstructions, evaluating crash sites and vehicles with direct measurements of more than 500 variables. Calculations from these data, e.g., direction of impact and change in velocity at impact (delta V), were made with the CRASH III computer program and statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square and t tests. This information was then merged with the orthopedic evaluations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidents, Traffic↗