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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effect of extreme temperatures on drugs for prehospital ACLS.

Advanced cardiac life support drugs undergo a wide range of temperature exposures in the prehospital setting. Although manufacturers place temperature restrictions for drug stability on their products, it has been shown that these limits are often exceeded in the prehospital environment. We exposed four different drugs to temperatures of -20 degrees C (-6 degrees F) and 70 degrees C (150 degrees F) and subsequently performed assays to determine their respective chemical stability compared with that of control samples. We determined that no significant difference in chemical structure occurred between the standard sample and the four drugs exposed to extreme temperatures (P > .05). This information has obvious implications in making further recommendations for drug storage. More work to determine bioactivity of temperature-exposed drugs may show results with implications for success in prehospital cardiac resuscitation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Storage of chemotherapy drugs for use in the human tumor stem cell assay.

Tumor chemosensitivity assays require the frequent in vitro use of antineoplastic drugs. Economy and convenience are greatly enhanced if these drugs are stored in aliquots for use as needed. This study investigated the stability of eight common antineoplastic agents at -60 degrees C. Activity was measured as inhibition of colony formation in a commonly used soft agar culture system using an experimentally induced murine sarcoma. Our results indicate no loss of activity with these drugs under the specified storage conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pharmaceutical services in hospices.

Hospices were surveyed to identify the types of pharmaceutical services provided. The directors of 75 hospice organizations were sent questionnaires regarding: (1) the type and scope of pharmaceutical services and (2) their conception of the future of the hospice movement. Of the 48 usable responses, 37 reported pharmacist affiliation. Of the 11 organizations that did not have a pharmacist affiliated, 10 reported they anticipated using a pharmacist's services in the future. Most (68%) pharmacists who worked in hospices were consultants. Pharmaceutical services included the development of policies and procedures regarding drug storage and handling, inservice education, drug information, and patient education. Of the organizations without a pharmacist, 91% provided only outpatient care; of hospices with pharmacists, 51% provided outpatient, 14% inpatient, and 36% outpatient and inpatient care. Forty-six percent of the hospice directors considered the pharmacist affiliated with their organization to be a member of the interdisciplinary team; 55% of such pharmacists worked full-time with the hospice. Hospice directors expressed a need for greater pharmacist involvement in inservice education, staff consultation, and research on pain.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fungi associated with herbal drug plants during storage.

Samples of sundried herbal drug plant parts stored for sale were purchased from four herbal markets located in Ibadan, Nigeria. The plant parts were analysed for mycoflora associated with their storage. Fungal colony counts ranged from 0.60 x 10(2) to 3.50 x 10(2) within the period of the survey. Twenty eight fungal species were isolated with the species of Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium moniliforme, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium expansum and Mucor fragilis being the dominant ones. There were marked differences between the flora obtained on fresh plant parts and those stored for sale. The results obtained showed that herbal drug plant pieces stored for sale in the markets are hazardous for human health. There is therefore the need for some form of quality control and decontamination before they are used for herbal drug preparations.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed2000

Influence of the Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program on dairy farm drug management practices.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that dairy farms certified in the Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program (QAP) were more likely to use prudent drug management practices than farms that were not certified. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 141 Michigan dairy farms of which 74 were not certified in the QAP, 30 were involuntarily certified, and 37 were voluntarily certified. PROCEDURE: Dairy producers completed a self-administered questionnaire that focused on herd health management, drug use, record keeping, personnel management, and descriptive characteristics of their farm during 1993. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were developed to determine the association of QAP certification with each of the management practices. RESULTS: Results suggested that farms adopted specific management practices irrespective of certification. Many farms used visible identification and non-emergency veterinary services and discussed residue prevention with employees. Involuntary certification was associated with maintenance of good written treatment records and performance of on-farm drug residue testing. Voluntary certification was weakly associated with use of refrigerated drug storage. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: QAP certification appeared to have been associated with the adoption of only a few prudent drug use practices, although QAP materials and framework were developed to assist veterinarians in the promotion of disease prevention, client communication, and residue prevention practices on farms. Veterinary care would benefit from the development and encouragement of better record keeping on farms.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Prehospital stability of diazepam and lorazepam.

Injectable benzodiazepines are commonly stocked on ambulances for use by paramedics. We evaluated the stability of lorazepam and diazepam as a function of storage temperature. Diazepam (5 mg/mL) and lorazepam (2 mg/mL) injectable solutions were stored for up to 210 days in clear glass syringes at three conditions: 4 degrees C to 10 degrees C (refrigerated); 15 degrees C to 30 degrees C (on-ambulance ambient temperature); and 37 degrees C (oven-heated). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of syringe contents were performed at 30-day intervals. After 210 days, the reduction in diazepam concentration was 7% refrigerated, 15% at ambient temperature, and 25% at 37 degrees C. The reduction in lorazepam concentration was 0% refrigerated, 10% at ambient temperature, and 75% at 37 degrees C. Whereas diazepam retained 90% of its original concentration for 30 days of on-ambulance storage, lorazepam retained 90% of its original concentration for 150 days. The decrease in lorazepam concentration correlated with an increase in the maximum ambient temperature in San Francisco. These results suggest that diazepam and lorazepam can be stored on ambulances. When ambient storage temperatures are 30 degrees C or less, ambulances carrying lorazepam and diazepam should be restocked every 30 to 60 days. When drug storage temperatures exceed 30 degrees C, more frequent stocking or refrigeration is required.

Ambulances↗
PubMed2002

Characterization of microfeatures in selective laser sintered drug delivery devices.

From initial applications in the fields of prosthesis, implants, surgery planning, anthropology, paleontology and forensics, the scope of rapid prototyping (RP) biomedical applications has expanded to include areas in tissue engineering (TE) and controlled drug delivery. In the current investigation, the feasibility of utilizing selective laser sintering (SLS) to fabricate polymeric drug delivery devices (DDDs) that are difficult to make using conventional production methods was studied. Two features, namely porous microstructure and dense wall formation, inherent in SLS fabricated parts were investigated for their potential roles in drug storage and controlling the release of drugs through the diffusion process. A study to determine the influence of key SLS process parameters on dense wall formation and porous microstructure of SLS fabricated parts was carried out. Composite-type DDDs incorporating dense wall and porous matrix features were designed and fabricated using SLS. The characteristics of the fabricated devices were investigated through microstructural examination and in vitro release tests carried out using a drug model or dye in a simulated body environment.

Drug Delivery Systems↗
PubMed1990

[Computer-assisted drug information].

Experience with a university hospital based drug information service (DIS) is reported. A total of 501 drug related questions were analyzed during two prospective evaluation periods of 13 and 14 months' duration respectively. Information was requested by physicians and pharmacists chiefly on practical aspects of drug treatment in individual patients (77%), such as drug choice, dosage adaptation, side effects and interactions. Inquiries on drug safety in pregnancy and lactation (8.8%), and questions on pharmaceutical properties (14.2%), including pharmacokinetics, were also frequent. Our experience indicates that a problem-oriented, comprehensive DIS necessitates close cooperation between physicians trained in clinical pharmacology and pharmacists within the same team. The use of electronic media greatly facilitates the collection of drug related information, data retrieval and storage. Drug information services can contribute to improved quality and safety of drug therapy.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drugs and health. 2. Study on the presence, use, storage and disposal of drugs in a sample of families in Adria (Rovigo) Local Health Unit 31, Venetian region].

As part of a health education scheme for the schools on "Drugs and Health", a questionnaire was distributed to a number of pupils in order to ascertain the domestic presence, use, conservation, and disposal of drugs. The questionnaire proved a very effective system for the extension of the educational project to the families of the pupils, but the information thus gathered was only of limited value. On the average, in the family 12.8 different type of drugs were present, mainly ethical drugs (76.6%). Most drugs were Articulars, Analgesics-antipyretics and Bronchopulmonary drugs. Only 30.2% of the drugs kept at home were currently used. Self-treatment (14.9%) and self-prescription (8.1%) were noted, as well as improper use of the drugs (5.9%). No answer to the questionnaire mentioned the presence of expired drugs: probably they were disposed of during the survey at home. Although these facts showed the positive effects of the educational project, nonetheless it was not possible to establish the real number of drugs kept at home. The way the answers to the questionnaire were biased and the fact that it was meant to be part of the project, have reduced the objectivity of the information thus obtained, underlining, however, its educational value.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Topical use of thrombin in prostatic surgery].

We describe the usefulness of topical application of thrombin as a hemostatic aid in prostatic surgery. We used a specially designed 3-way bag catheter, one way of which opened to the prostatic fossa. After enucleation of the prostate suprapubically, we inserted the bag catheter into the bladder before any hemostatic procedure was performed on the prostatic fossa, inflated the bag, gently pulled down the catheter against the prostatic fossa, and then injected the thrombin solution (5,000 units/5 cc. X 2) into the fossa. Fifty patients were randomized into two groups; the "thrombin" method group and the hemostatic "ligature" group, and compared. The "thombin" method group showed statistically significant superiority to the "ligature" method group in reduced operation time and operative bloodloss. On the contrary, the duration of postoperative hematuria was longer with the "thrombin" method but not significantly. Even the prolonged duration of hematuria, however, produced no clinical problems. Hypofibrinogenemia and poor conditions of drug storage lowered its efficacy. These points should be remembered when using thrombin.

Administration, Topical↗