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PubMed1999

Efficacy of various chemotherapeutic agents on the growth of Spironucleus vortens, an intestinal parasite of the freshwater angelfish.

Seven chemotherapeutic agents (dimetridazole, metronidazole, pyrimethamine, albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and magnesium sulfate) were examined for growth inhibition on the cultivation of Spironucleus vortens. Dimetridazole and metronidazole were effective in inhibiting the parasite's growth. At concentrations of 1 microgram ml-1 or higher, both dramatically decreased numbers of parasites. At 24 h exposure, 33% of parasites were inhibited when exposed to dimetridazole or metronidazole at concentrations of 2 and 4 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Dimetridazole at 4 micrograms ml-1 or higher concentrations decreased the number of organisms to 50% or less after 48 h exposure. During the same period of time, the numbers of parasites decreased to 50% or less when exposed to metronidazole at 6 micrograms ml-1 or higher. Pyrimethamine at concentrations of 1 to 10 micrograms ml-1 was not effective in inhibiting the parasite's growth. Albendazole and fenbendazole at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 microgram ml-1 were similar in inhibiting the growth of the organism. Both compounds suppressed parasite growth at concentrations of 1.0 microgram ml-1 or higher after 24 h exposure. Mebendazole inhibited the parasite's growth at concentrations of 0.5 microgram ml-1 or higher. At 72 h exposure, 45 to 50% of the parasites were inhibited when exposed to mebendazole at concentrations higher than 0.5 microgram ml-1. Magnesium sulfate at concentrations of 70 mg ml-1 or higher also suppressed the growth of parasites after 24 h exposure. These results indicate that dimetridazole, metronidazole and mebendazole are the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in vitro at inhibiting the growth of S. vortens.

Albendazole↗
PubMed2002

In vitro activity of therapeutic drugs against Histomonas meleagridis (Smith, 1895).

Histomoniasis or blackhead is a life-threatening disease of turkeys that is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Histomonas meleagridis. The development of an assay to measure the sensitivity of drugs traditionally used against this parasite, as reputed to be effective against other protozoan parasites, is described. The in vitro minimum lethal concentrations (MLC), time for drug efficacy, and parasite viability after removal of residual drugs were determined. Three of the 10 tested drugs, fenbendazole, albendazole, and sulfadiazine, were found to be ineffective against H. meleagridis. Nifursol, the only compound still authorized as a feed additive in Europe, is an inhibiting agent but is not lethal in vitro. Roxarsone, an arsenical derivate similar to nitarsone (the only authorized drug in United States), is effective at high concentration (200 microg/mL) after a long exposure (48 h). The lethal activity of dimetridazole, metronidazole, ronidazole, tinidazole, and furazolidone in vitro was demonstrated. Dimetridazole (MLC = 25 microg/mL after 6 h of exposure), metronidazole (MLC = 50 microg/mL after 24 h), and furazolidone (MLC = 50 microg/mL after 24 h) are rapidly effective at low concentrations. These results confirm the effectiveness of dimetridazole, a drug that has been used in the treatment and prevention of blackhead. In May 2002 this compound was removed as feed additive in Europe.

Animals↗