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PubMedDate not supplied

Reuse of single-use equipment. The intravenous nurse specialist's role in institutional policy development.

The controversial issues and numerous regulatory, ethical, financial, and liability risks that must be considered when a healthcare organization evaluates implementation of a program to reuse single-use equipment are discussed. A role for the well-informed intravenous nurse specialist in institutional policy development regarding reuse of infusion equipment is suggested. Numerous resources on this topic are referenced.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed2006

Policy for therapeutic acupuncture in an academic health center: a model for standard policy development.

Acupuncture as a therapeutic modality offers multiple applications. Its effectiveness coupled with its general acceptance by conventional health care professionals makes it one of the first complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities to be incorporated in an integrative approach to care. However, few centers that offer acupuncture have written standard policies to regulate its use. This lack of standard policies may impede provision of quality care, serve as a barrier to cross-institutional data collection and clinical application of that data, and may put health care professionals and institutions at risk when credentialing or malpractice liability has not been clearly addressed. Here we present a policy for acupuncture, created by a diverse group of health care professionals at the University of Michigan Health System. It may function as a generalizable template for standard policy development by institutions incorporating acupuncture.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2002

Optimizing the use of donated cadaver livers: analysis and policy development to increase the application of split-liver transplantation.

The American Society of Transplant Surgeons and the American Society of Transplantation jointly sponsored a conference in Crystal City, Virginia, on March 28th and 29th, 2001, to explore mechanisms for maximizing the cadaver-organ donor pool. Participants from transplantation medicine, surgery, organ procurement organizations, the general public, and government convened to address expanding utilization of each organ type. The committee assigned to review liver organ utilization identified multiple practices that could expand the potential donor pool including non-heart beating donors, marginal grafts, efficient allocation of cadaver organs, and wider application of split-liver transplantation. This article details the data reviewed by the liver committee and their recommendations on policy development for the expanded application of split-liver transplantation.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1992

Livestock development policy in The Gambia: a reassessment.

This paper examines the historical development of policy in The Gambia through an analysis of 3 recurring themes: the motivation for keeping livestock, growth of the cattle population and the resulting feed deficit, and the need to develop a mixed farming system. The paper argues that there are major discrepancies between the common understanding which emerges from these themes and the realities of livestock ownership and production. It is suggested that it is because of these discrepancies, that livestock policies and programmes, other than mass disease control, have seldom had their desired impacts.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

Risk analysis and safety policy developments in the Netherlands.

In the Netherlands, external safety policy has been developed and implemented since the early eighties on the basis of a risk-based approach involving quantitative criteria for the tolerability of risk. Good experiences have been gained with the risk policy that applies to some 4000 establishments in the Netherlands where hazardous substances are present. On the basis of these experiences, legislation is now being prepared to give the risk tolerability criteria a full legal basis. This is aimed, in particular, to balance between risk control measures at the source through the licensing system, and spatial planning instruments to protect, e.g. residential areas against major hazards. The revision of the Seveso directive (96/82/EC) leads to the implementation of an integrated form of safety reporting, evaluation and inspection. Practical tools were developed for this implementation, e.g. for facilitating the selection of establishments and for assessing risks from major hazard establishments to surface water. In the past few years, the application of risk-based safety policy has been extended to other fields than establishments, e.g. for transport of hazardous chemicals and external safety of airports.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2006

Health behaviour modelling for prenatal diagnosis in Australia: a geodemographic framework for health service utilisation and policy development.

BACKGROUND: Despite the wide availability of prenatal screening and diagnosis, a number of studies have reported no decrease in the rate of babies born with Down syndrome. The objective of this study was to investigate the geodemographic characteristics of women who have prenatal diagnosis in Victoria, Australia, by applying a novel consumer behaviour modelling technique in the analysis of health data. METHODS: A descriptive analysis of data on all prenatal diagnostic tests, births (1998 and 2002) and births of babies with Down syndrome (1998 to 2002) was undertaken using a Geographic Information System and socioeconomic lifestyle segmentation classifications. RESULTS: Most metropolitan women in Victoria have average or above State average levels of uptake of prenatal diagnosis. Inner city women residing in high socioeconomic lifestyle segments who have high rates of prenatal diagnosis spend 20% more on specialist physician's fees when compared to those whose rates are average. Rates of prenatal diagnosis are generally low amongst women in rural Victoria, with the lowest rates observed in farming districts. Reasons for this are likely to be a combination of lack of access to services (remoteness) and individual opportunity (lack of transportation, low levels of support and income). However, there are additional reasons for low uptake rates in farming areas that could not be explained by the behaviour modelling. These may relate to women's attitudes and choices. CONCLUSION: A lack of statewide geodemographic consistency in uptake of prenatal diagnosis implies that there is a need to target health professionals and pregnant women in specific areas to ensure there is increased equity of access to services and that all pregnant women can make informed choices that are best for them. Equally as important is appropriate health service provision for families of children with Down syndrome. Our findings show that these potential interventions are particularly relevant in rural areas. Classifying data to lifestyle segments allowed for practical comparisons of the geodemographic characteristics of women having prenatal diagnosis in Australia at a population level. This methodology may in future be a feasible and cost-effective tool for service planners and policy developers.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Urbanization and economic development policy in Korea.

"This paper has firstly discussed the development strategy and urbanization in [the Republic of] Korea for the period 1960-1980. [This is] followed with an intensive review of the past and recent population redistribution policy of Korea. Finally the authors make some general suggestions which are characterized as an expansion of opportunities and services in the underprivileged areas." (summary in CHI)

Asia↗
PubMed1991

Toward healthy longevity. Lessons in food and nutrition policy development from Finland and Norway.

For a variety of health, economic and social reasons, many countries are increasingly concerned about diet-related health problems impairing the quality and length of life. This article presents an analysis of the implementation of food and nutrition policies in Finland and Norway which are intended to address both the supply and demand aspects of food and dietary issues. The purpose was to identify policy problems and illustrate ways they have been addressed in order to be useful to other countries involved in developing such policies. The paper is based on on-site studies conducted in 1990, 1987, and 1980. Major findings indicate mixed progress due in part to problems in implementation. These include: development of an effective strategic capacity for planning, advocacy, coordination, and evaluation; integration into the health services system and other policy sectors; development of decentralized infrastructure for deploying policy; accuracy in public information on food and nutrition; the use of government market power, and social equity in the distribution of policy benefits and costs.

Finland↗
PubMed1986

Homelessness and mental health policy: developing an appropriate role for the 1980s.

Previous research has reported prevalence rates of mental health problems among homeless individuals that range from 20% to 90%. Attempting to validly verify prevalence rates is important because of the implications concerning both deinstitutionalization and developing an appropriate mental health policy over the next decade. In the present research, which used as its sample the largest homeless sample assessed to date, prevalence was found to fall at the lower range of previously cited data. Despite the fact that the prevalence of mental health problems among the homeless population was found to be relatively low, it was found that homeless people with mental health problems are, at best, only marginally served by the mental health system. Implications for community mental health policymakers and program designers are discussed.

Chronic Disease↗